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E-raamat: Human Error in Aviation [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

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Most aviation accidents are attributed to human error, pilot error especially. Human error also greatly effects productivity and profitability. In his overview of this collection of papers, the editor points out that these facts are often misinterpreted as evidence of deficiency on the part of operators involved in accidents. Human factors research reveals a more accurate and useful perspective: The errors made by skilled human operators - such as pilots, controllers, and mechanics - are not root causes but symptoms of the way industry operates. The papers selected for this volume have strongly influenced modern thinking about why skilled experts make errors and how to make aviation error resilient.
Acknowledgements ix
Series Preface xi
Introduction xiii
PART I CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS FOR THINKING ABOUT HUMAN ERROR
1 J. Reason (1990), 'The Contribution of Latent Human Failures to the Breakdown of Complex Systems', Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences, 327, pp. 475-84.
5
2 Daniel E. Maurino, James Reason, Neil Johnston and Rob B. Lee (1995), 'Widening the Search for Accident Causes: A Theoretical Framework', in Beyond Aviation Human Factors, Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 1-29.
15
3 R. Key Dismukes, Benjamin A. Berman and Loukia D. Loukopoulos (2007), 'Converging Themes: The Deep Structure of Accidents', in The Limits of Expertise: Rethinking Pilot Error and the Causes of Airline Accidents, Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 289-308.
45
4 Scott Shappell, Cristy Detwiler, Kali Holcomb, Carla Hackworth, Albert Boquet and Douglas A. Wiegmann (2007), 'Human Error and Commercial Aviation Accidents: An Analysis using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System', Human Factors, 49, pp. 227-42.
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5 Sidney W.A. Dekker (2003), 'Illusions of Explanation: A Critical Essay on Error Classification', International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 13, pp. 95-106.
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6 R. Amalberti (2001), 'The Paradoxes of Almost Totally Safe Transportation Systems', Safety Science, 37, pp. 109-26.
101
PART II SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF SKILLED HUMAN PERFORMANCE
7 Barry H. Kantowitz and Patricia A. Casper (1988), 'Human Workload in Aviation', in E. Wiener and D. Nagel (eds), Human Factors in Aviation, San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 157-88.
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8 Christopher D. Wickens, Juliana Goh, John Helleberg, William J. Honey and Donald A. Talleur (2003), 'Attentional Models of Multitask Pilot Performance using Advanced Display Technology', Human Factors, 45, pp. 360-80.
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9 Nadine B. Sarter and David D. Woods (1994), 'Pilot Interaction with Cockpit Automation II: An Experimental Study of Pilots' Model and Awareness of the Flight Management System', International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 4, pp. 1-28.
177
10 Nadine B. Sarter, Randall J. Mumaw and Christopher D. Wickens (2007), 'Pilots' Monitoring Strategies and Performance on Automated Flight Decks: An Empirical Study Combining Behavioral and Eye-Tracking Data', Human Factors, 49, pp. 347-57.
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11 Mica R. Endsley (1995), 'Toward a Theory of Situation Awareness in Dynamic Systems', Human Factors, 37, pp. 32-64.
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12 Judith Orasanu, Ute Fischer and Jeannie Davison (2004), 'Risk Perception and Risk Management in Aviation', in Rainer Dietrich and Kateri Jochum (eds), Teaming Up: Components of Safety under High Risk, Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 93-116.
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13 Robert L. Helmreich, Ashleigh C. Merritt and John A.Wilhelm (1999), 'The Evolution of Crew Resource Management Training in Commercial Aviation', The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 9, pp. 19-32.
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14 Robert C. Ginnett (1993), 'Crews as Groups: Their Formation and their Leadership', in E. Wiener, B. Kanki and R. Helmreich (eds), Cockpit Resource Management, San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 71-98.
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15 Matthew J.W. Thomas (2004), 'Predictors of Threat and Error Management: Identification of Core Nontechnical Skills and Implications for Training Systems Design', The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 14, pp. 207-31.
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16 Robert T. Nullmeyer and V. Alan Spiker (2003), 'The Importance of Crew Resource Management Behaviors in Mission Performance: Implications for Training Evaluation', Military Psychology, 15, pp. 77-96.
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PART III FACTORS AFFECTING SKILLED PERFORMANCE
17 John A. Caldwell (2005), 'Fatigue in Aviation', Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 3, pp. 85-96.
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18 Alan Stokes and Kirsten Kite (1994), 'Pilot Performance and Stress', in Flight Stress: Stress, Fatigue, and Performance in Aviation, Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 50-95.
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19 Pamela S. Tsang (2003), 'Assessing Cognitive Aging in Piloting', in P. Tsang and M. Vidulich (eds), Principles and Practice of Aviation Psychology, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 507-46.
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20 Douglas A. Wiegmann, Juliana Goh and David O'Hare (2002), 'The Role of Situation Assessment and Flight Experience in Pilots' Decisions to Continue Visual Flight Rules Flight into Adverse Weather', Human Factors, 44, pp. 189-97.
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21 Ron Westrum and Anthony J. Adam ski (1999), 'Organizational Factors Associated with Safety and Mission Success in Aviation Environments', in D. Garland, J. Wise and V. Hopkin (eds), Handbook of Aviation Human Factors, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 67-104.
475
22 J. Bryan Sexton and James R. Klinect (2001), 'The Link between Safety Attitudes and Observed Performance in Flight Operations', in R. Jensen (ed.), Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University, pp. 7-12.
513
PART IV BEYOND THE COCKPIT
23 Kara A. Latorella and Prasad V. Prabhu (2000), 'A Review of Human Error in Aviation Maintenance and Inspection', International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 26, pp. 133-61.
521
24 Steven T. Shorrock (2005), 'Errors of Memory in Air Traffic Control', Safety Science, 43, 571-88.
551
Name Index 569
R. Key Dismukes is chief scientist for Human Factors, NASA Ames Research Center, USA. He has published applied studies in human factors and fundamental research studies in neurobiology, managed research organizations and led committees of scientists reporting on science and public issues.