Preface and Acknowledgements |
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ix | |
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xiii | |
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Backgrounds of Nonresponse |
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1 | (8) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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Total Survey Quality and Nonresponse |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (4) |
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Survey Response in Cross-national Studies |
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9 | (30) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (3) |
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13 | (3) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (12) |
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Social environment and survey culture |
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17 | (2) |
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Households and individuals |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (3) |
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23 | (1) |
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Interviewer-respondent interaction: why people cooperate |
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24 | (5) |
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29 | (8) |
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What is nonresponse bias? |
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29 | (4) |
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Combating and adjusting for nonresponse bias |
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33 | (4) |
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37 | (2) |
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The European Social Survey |
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39 | (36) |
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39 | (1) |
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What is the European Social Survey? |
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39 | (10) |
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Aims, history and philosophy |
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39 | (3) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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Organization and structure |
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44 | (5) |
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ESS Design and Methodology |
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49 | (10) |
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The central specification |
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49 | (2) |
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Quality and optimal comparability |
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51 | (4) |
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Sampling designs, procedures and definitions of the population |
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55 | (2) |
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Fieldwork and contracting |
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57 | (2) |
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Nonresponse Targets, Strategies and Documentation |
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59 | (10) |
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59 | (1) |
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Requirements and guidelines |
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60 | (1) |
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Definition and calculation of response rates |
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61 | (6) |
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67 | (2) |
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69 | (6) |
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A Contact Form as Used in ESS 3 |
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70 | (5) |
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Implementation of the European Social Survey |
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75 | (14) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (6) |
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Survey organization, administration mode and sample |
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76 | (2) |
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Sample size, number of interviewers and length of fieldwork period |
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78 | (3) |
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81 | (1) |
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Practical Fieldwork Issues |
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82 | (5) |
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82 | (3) |
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Information and incentives |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (2) |
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Respons and Nonresponse Rates in the European Social Survey |
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89 | (26) |
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89 | (3) |
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Response and Nonresponse Rate in ESS 3 |
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92 | (3) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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Response Rate Changes Over Time |
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95 | (7) |
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95 | (4) |
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Response rate trends for specific countries |
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99 | (3) |
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Response Rate Differences and Fieldwork Efforts |
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102 | (13) |
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Response rate differences across countries and fieldwork efforts |
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102 | (4) |
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Change in response rates over time and change in fieldwork efforts |
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106 | (9) |
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Response Enhancement Through Extended Interviewer Efforts |
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115 | (46) |
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115 | (2) |
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Previous Research on Contactability |
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117 | (5) |
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Factors in establishing contact |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (2) |
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Call patterns and strategies |
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120 | (2) |
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Previous Research on Cooperation |
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122 | (7) |
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Covariates of cooperation |
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122 | (4) |
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Causes of cooperation and noncooperation |
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126 | (1) |
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Attitudes towards surveys and reasons for refusal |
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127 | (2) |
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Sample Type and Recruitment Mode in the ESS |
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129 | (4) |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (2) |
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Establishing Contact in the ESS |
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133 | (9) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (2) |
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Ease of contact and number of calls |
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135 | (3) |
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138 | (4) |
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Obtaining Cooperation in the ESS |
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142 | (11) |
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142 | (2) |
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144 | (1) |
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Cooperation and number of contacts |
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144 | (6) |
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150 | (3) |
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Effects of Enhanced Field Efforts in the ESS |
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153 | (3) |
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156 | (5) |
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Response Outcomes in ESS 1, 2 and 3 (%) |
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158 | (3) |
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161 | (44) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (9) |
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162 | (2) |
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How successful is refusal conversion? |
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164 | (2) |
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Which factors contribute to successful conversion? |
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166 | (2) |
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Refusal conversion and data quality |
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168 | (3) |
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Refusal Conversion in the ESS |
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171 | (17) |
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171 | (5) |
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Refusal type and refusal conversion |
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176 | (6) |
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Timing of refusal Conversion attempts |
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182 | (6) |
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Refusal Conversion and Data Quality |
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188 | (11) |
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Refusal conversion and sample representativeness |
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189 | (2) |
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Refusal conversion and measurement error in the ESS |
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191 | (8) |
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Discussion and Conclusions |
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199 | (6) |
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Interviewer Variance in Cooperation Rates |
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202 | (3) |
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Designs for Detecting Nonresponse Bias and Adjustment |
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205 | (88) |
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What is Nonresponse Bias? |
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205 | (2) |
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Methods for Assessing Nonresponse Bias |
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207 | (7) |
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Comparing response rates across subgroups in samples |
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207 | (1) |
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Comparing respondent-based estimates with similar estimates from other sources |
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207 | (1) |
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Comparing estimates between subgroups in the obtained samples |
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208 | (2) |
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Enriching the sampling frame data with data from external sources |
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210 | (1) |
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Contrasting alternative post-survey adjustments for nonresponse |
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211 | (3) |
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Detecting and Estimating Bias in the ESS |
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214 | (64) |
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214 | (15) |
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Comparing cooperative with reluctant respondents |
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229 | (14) |
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Using additional observable data collected for all target persons |
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243 | (9) |
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The study of bias using core information on nonrespondents |
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252 | (26) |
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278 | (15) |
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Overview core variables and constructs |
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281 | (5) |
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Questionnaries nonresponse modules |
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286 | (7) |
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293 | (12) |
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293 | (2) |
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Standardization, Tailoring and Control |
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295 | (3) |
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Achieving High Response Rates |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (2) |
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Contact Forms and Fieldwork Monitoring |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (2) |
References |
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305 | (16) |
Glossary |
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321 | (4) |
Index |
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325 | |