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E-raamat: Integrating Electrical Heating Elements in Product Design [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

  • Taylor & Francis e-raamat
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A reference for engineers, who have had to rely on disparate information from wire supplies when designing heating elements. Describes the standard resistance heating alloys and their properties, the laws of heat transfer and the basic formulae for calculating heating elements, coiling and the properties of coils, ceramic and plastic materials used for making heating elements, safety considerations for both elements and appliances, and metallic materials for elements in groups according to how the heating wire is mechanically supported and how heat is dissipated from its surface. Does not consider heating elements for furnaces. A college-level science education is required to take full advantage of the deductions and equations. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.

Offers details on the utilization of electrical heating elements in consumer appliance design and industrial processes. The text includes basic theory, metallurgy and production advice for developing more reliable and cost-effective heaters. It provides tables comparing resistivity and surface resistance of different materials, and listing the resistance and weight per metre as well as surface per ohm of whole and half B&S wire and ribbon sizes for common standard resistance heating alloys. The book also contains calculation equations suitable for use in BASIC programs.
Preface iii(8)
Symbols xi
1. Metallic Resistance Heating Wire
1(62)
1.1 Standard Resistance Heating Alloys
1(3)
1.2 Metallurgical Background
4(2)
1.3 Oxidation Resistance and Heater Life
6(18)
1.4 Influence of the Surroundings: Corrosion
24(3)
1.5 Mechanical Properties
27(4)
1.6 Magnetic Properties and Noise
31(2)
1.7 Electric Resistance
33(10)
1.8 Other Properties
43(6)
1.9 Wire Surface Load
49(1)
1.10 Comparison of Different Wire Alloys
50(2)
1.11 Wire Gauges
52(2)
1.12 Ribbon and Ribbon Standard Sizes
54(4)
1.13 Weight of Wire and Ribbon
58(1)
1.14 Forms of Delivery
58(1)
1.15 Tolerances
59(1)
1.16 Checking Resistance Heating Wire
60(1)
References
60(3)
2. Wires (and Ribbons) Made of Materials Different From Resistance Heating Alloys
63(18)
2.1 Metals and Alloys for Low Operating Temperatures
63(11)
2.2 The Halogen Tubular Heater
74(1)
2.3 Cermet Wire
75(3)
References
78(3)
3. General Information About Electrical Heating Elements
81(88)
3.1 Definition of an Electrical Heating Element
81(1)
3.2 Heat Transfer
82(14)
3.3 The Straight Wire
96(4)
3.4 The Coil
100(31)
3.5 Terminals
131(4)
3.6 Corrugated Ribbon
135(2)
3.7 Insulating Materials
137(14)
3.8 Safety Rules
151(1)
3.9 Element Calculation
152(10)
3.10 Element Surface Load and Temperature of Element and Wire
162(2)
3.11 Requirements for Elements
164(1)
3.12 Classification of Heating Elements
164(2)
3.13 Limits for Use of Metal Wires
166(1)
References
167(2)
4. Suspended Elements
169(18)
4.1 Elastically Suspended Wire or Ribbon
169(4)
4.2 Straight or Corrugated Wire or Ribbon on Fixed Supports
173(3)
4.3 Suspended Coil
176(5)
4.4 Zigzag Elements
181(3)
4.5 Suspended Punched Strip
184(2)
References
186(1)
5. Supported Elements
187(48)
5.1 Wire and Ribbon on Ceramic Fiber
187(7)
5.2 Coil on Flat Ceramic Plate
194(1)
5.3 Wire on (Cylindrical) Ceramic
195(14)
5.4 Open Mica Element
209(5)
5.5 Tube Heaters
214(11)
5.6 Porcupine
225(3)
5.7 Bead-Insulated Coil
228(2)
5.8 Cigarette Lighter
230(1)
5.9 Coil in Water
231(1)
References
232(3)
6. Embedded Elements
235(108)
6.1 Metal-Sheathed Tubular Element
236(70)
6.2 Powder-Filled Cartridge Element
306(4)
6.3 Embedded in Metal Groove
310(4)
6.4 Embedded in Ceramic
314(1)
6.5 Cement-Insulated Element
314(1)
6.6 Sheathed Mica Element
315(4)
6.7 Foil Element
319(17)
6.8 Heating Cable and Rope Heater
336(2)
6.9 Embedded Tube Heaters for Heating of Fluids
338(1)
6.10 Embedded in Ceramic Fiber
339(1)
References
340(3)
7. Film Elements
343(12)
7.1 Thin Film Elements
344(4)
7.2 Thick Film Elements
348(4)
7.3 Pressure-Sensitive Elements
352(1)
References
352(3)
8. PTC Elements
355(18)
8.1 Survey
355(1)
8.2 PTC Elements of the Ceramic Type
356(13)
8.3 PTC Elements of the Polymer Type
369(2)
References
371(2)
9. Silicon Carbide and Carbon Elements
373(4)
References
375(2)
10. Domestic Appliances and Heaters
377(6)
10.1 Cooking
378(1)
10.2 Heating of Water and Beverages
379(1)
10.3 Drying and Ironing
380(1)
10.4 Space Heating and Room Comfort
380(1)
10.5 Hair Care
381(1)
10.6 Individual Body Comfort
381(1)
10.7 Tools
381(1)
10.8 Vehicles
382(1)
10.9 Miscellaneous
382(1)
Appendix 383(66)
Index 449
Hegbom, Thor