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E-raamat: Interfacial Chemistry of Rocks and Soils 2nd edition [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

(University of Debrecen, Hungary), (University of Debrecen, Hungary)
  • Formaat: 258 pages, 42 Tables, black and white; 8 Line drawings, color; 40 Line drawings, black and white; 6 Halftones, color; 5 Halftones, black and white; 14 Illustrations, color; 45 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Surfactant Science
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Oct-2021
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781003020080
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  • Taylor & Francis e-raamat
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Interfacial Chemistry of Rocks and Soils 2nd editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 258 pages, 42 Tables, black and white; 8 Line drawings, color; 40 Line drawings, black and white; 6 Halftones, color; 5 Halftones, black and white; 14 Illustrations, color; 45 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Surfactant Science
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Oct-2021
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781003020080
Teised raamatud teemal:
Taylor & Francis e-raamatudRohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003020080

Knowledge of the basic interactions that take place between geological materials and different substances is the first step in understanding the effects of adsorption and other interfacial processes on the quality of rocks and soils, and on driving these processes towards a beneficial or neutral result. Interfacial Chemistry of Rocks and Soils examines the different processes at solid and liquid interfaces of soil and rock, presenting a complete analysis that emphasizes the importance of chemical species on these interactions.

This Second Edition features novel results in the field and expanded coverage of the kinetics of interfacial processes. New content includes models of heterogeneous isotope exchange, sorption isotherms for heterovalent cation exchange, as well as sorption of anions by chemically modified clays.

Summarizing the results and knowledge of the authors’ research in this field over several decades, this volume:

  • Explores the individual components of the studied systems: the solid, the solution, and the interface

  • Discusses the characteristics and thermodynamics of the interface

  • Profiles the most important analytical methods in the study of interfacial processes

  • Demonstrates transformations initiated by interfacial processes

  • Outlines avenues of treatment that may solve geological, soil science, and environmental problems

Drawn chiefly from the authors’ years of research at the Imre Lajos Isotope Laboratory in the Department of Physical Chemistry at the University of Debrecen in Hungary, this book discusses chemical reactions on the surfaces/interfaces of soils and rocks; examines the role of these processes in environmental, colloid and geochemistry; and explores the effects on agricultural, environmental and industrial applications.



Examines the different processes at solid and liquid interfaces of soil and rock, emphasizing the importance of chemical species on these interactions. By understanding the effects of adsorption and other interfacial processes on the quality of rocks and soils, the reader can drive these processes towards a beneficial or neutral result.
Preface to the First Edition ix
Preface to the Second Edition xi
Authors xiii
Chapter 1 Components of Soil- and Rock-Solution Systems
1(90)
1.1 Solid: Soil and Rock
1(13)
1.1.1 Mineral and Chemical Composition of Rocks and Soils
2(1)
1.1.1.1 Silicates
3(6)
1.1.1.2 Oxides
9(1)
1.1.1.3 Other Minerals
9(1)
1.1.2 Organic Matter in Soil
9(3)
1.1.3 Particle and Pore Sizes, External and Internal Surfaces
12(2)
1.2 Liquid: Soil and Groundwater Solutions
14(15)
1.2.1 Compositions of Natural Water
14(1)
1.2.2 Parameters Affecting Chemical Speciation
15(7)
1.2.3 Dissolution and Precipitation of Solids
22(5)
1.2.4 Properties of Very Dilute Solutions
27(2)
1.3 Interface of Rock/Soil--Aqueous Solutions
29(62)
1.3.1 The Structure of the Interface
30(3)
1.3.2 Characterization of the Interface of Geological System/Groundwater
33(1)
1.3.2.1 Characterization of External Surfaces
33(7)
1.3.2.2 Characterization of Internal Surfaces
40(1)
1.3.3 Interfacial Processes Related to External and Internal Surfaces
41(1)
1.3.3.1 Adsorption
41(1)
1.3.3.2 Ion Exchange
42(3)
1.3.3.3 Precipitation
45(1)
1.3.3.4 Evaluation and Separation of Interfacial Processes
45(1)
1.3.4 Quantitative Treatment of Interfacial Processes
46(1)
1.3.4.1 Adsorption Isotherms
46(5)
1.3.4.2 Treatment of Ion Exchange Processes
51(14)
1.3.4.3 Treatment of Simultaneous Ion Exchange and Adsorption Processes
65(1)
1.3.4.4 Treatment of Heterogeneous Isotope Exchange
66(1)
1.3.5 Catalytic Effects of Clays
67(2)
1.3.6 Kinetics of Interfacial Processes in Rocks and Soils
69(1)
1.3.6.1 Steps of Interfacial Reactions
70(5)
1.3.6.2 Kinetics of Heterogeneous Isotope Exchange
75(1)
1.3.6.3 Migration of Water-Soluble Substances in Rocks and Soils
75(2)
1.3.6.4 Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Geological Formations
77(2)
References
79(12)
Chapter 2 Interfacial Processes in Geological Systems: Studies on Montmorillonite Model Substance
91(96)
2.1 Use of Montmorillonite as a Model Substance: The Important Interfacial Processes on Montmorillonite
92(6)
2.1.1 Crystal Structure and Layer Charge of Montmorillonite
92(3)
2.1.2 Clay--Water Interactions
95(1)
2.1.3 Edge Charges of Montmorillonite
96(1)
2.1.4 Montmorillonite as a Model Substance
97(1)
2.2 Cation Exchange: Outer-Sphere Complexation
98(5)
2.3 Synthesis and Characterization of Cation-Exchanged Montmorillonites
103(4)
2.4 Surface Acid--Base Properties of Montmorillonite
107(6)
2.4.1 Formation of Edge Sites on Montmorillonite
107(1)
2.4.2 Effect of Permanent Charge on the Study of Edge Charges
108(1)
2.4.3 Acid-Base Properties of Cation-Exchanged Montmorillonites
109(4)
2.5 Ion Adsorption on the External Surfaces
113(5)
2.5.1 Some Examples of Ion Sorption Processes on Montmorillonite
114(1)
2.5.1.1 Sorption of Zinc Ion on Montmorillonite
114(2)
2.5.1.2 Sorption of Manganese Ion on Montmorillonite
116(1)
2.5.1.3 Sorption of Palladium Ion on Montmorillonite
116(2)
2.5.1.4 Sorption of Lead Ion on Montmorillonite
118(1)
2.6 Separation of Interfacial Processes of Montmorillonite
118(2)
2.7 Role of Hydrogen Ions in the Interfacial and Dissolution Processes of Montmorillonite
120(8)
2.7.1 Effect of Hydrogen Ion on the Cation Exchange Processes
122(5)
2.7.2 Acidic Destruction of Montmorillonite
127(1)
2.8 Effect of Complexation Agents
128(14)
2.8.1 Effect of Complex Formation in the EDTA/Ca-Montmorillonite System
132(4)
2.8.2 Effect of Complex Formation in the EDTA/Ca-Montmorillonite/Manganese(II) Ion System
136(2)
2.8.3 Effect of Stability Constants on the Cation Composition of the Interlayer Space
138(2)
2.8.4 Effect of Complex Formation in the EDTA/Ca-Montmorillonite/Lead(II) Ion System
140(2)
2.9 Sorption of Organic Matter on Minerals
142(7)
2.9.1 Sorption of EDTA on Montmorillonite
143(1)
2.9.2 Sorption of Valine on Montmorillonite
144(1)
On the Layer Charges
145(1)
On the Edge Sites
145(4)
2.10 Transformations Initiated by Interfacial Processes of Montmorillonite
149(23)
2.10.1 Oxidation of Mn(II) Ion and Formation of a Nanolayer in the Interlayer Space of Montmorillonite
150(3)
2.10.2 Formation of an Iron(III) Oxidhydroxide Nanolayer in the Interlayer Space of Montmorillonite
153(5)
2.10.3 Reduction of Ions
158(1)
2.10.3.1 Reduction of Silver and Palladium Ion
158(2)
2.10.3.2 Reduction of Fe(III) Ions
160(1)
2.10.4 Heterogeneous Nucleation on Edge Site: Formation of Lead Oxide Fine Particles on the Edges of Montmorillonite
160(9)
2.10.5 Lanthanide Ion Exchange: Structural Modification Due to the Exchange with Light Lanthanide and Ittrium Ions
169(2)
2.10.6 Structural Change upon Heating Lanthanide-Bentonites
171(1)
2.11 Effect of Chemical Modification of Bentonite on Sorption Properties: Sorption of Anions
172(15)
References
177(10)
Chapter 3 Interfacial Reactions at Rock and Soil Interfaces
187(46)
3.1 Relationship between the Interfacial Properties and the Geological Origin of Bentonite Clay
187(11)
3.1.1 Geological and Mineral Characteristics of Sajobabony Bentonites
188(5)
3.1.2 Interfacial Properties of Bentonite Samples from Sajobabony (HU)
193(3)
3.1.3 Relations of Geological Origin and Interfacial Properties
196(1)
3.1.4 Applications of Bentonites of Different Interfacial Properties
197(1)
3.2 Migration of Water-Soluble Substances in Rocks
198(14)
3.2.1 Sorption and Migration of Carrier-Free Radioactive Isotopes in Rocks
198(1)
3.2.1.1 A Model Predicting Migration Rate on the Basis of Mineral Composition
198(3)
3.2.1.2 The Application of the Linear Model for the Sorption of Cs-137 and Sr-85 Ions
201(7)
3.2.2 Effect of Sorption on the Migration of Ions in Bentonite
208(2)
3.2.3 Effect of Precipitation in Migration
210(2)
3.3 Interfacial Acid--Base Properties of Soils
212(6)
3.4 Sorption of Cyanide Anion on Soil and Sediment
218(7)
3.5 Sorption of Phosphate Anion on Soils
225(8)
References
229(4)
Chapter 4 Experimental Methods in Studying Interfacial Processes of Rocks and Soils
233(16)
4.1 Analysis of the Solid Phase
233(7)
4.1.1 Methods of Chemical Analyses
233(2)
4.1.2 Study of Mineral Composition
235(1)
4.1.3 Study of Morphology
236(4)
4.1.4 Study of Soil Organic Matter
240(1)
4.2 Analysis of the Liquid Phase
240(1)
4.3 Study of Interfaces
241(8)
References
247(2)
Index 249
Noémi M. Nagy is a professor of radiochemistry in the Imre Lajos Isotope

Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Hungary. She earned her

M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in radiochemistry at that university. She has a D.Sc. degree

in agrochemistry from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Dr Nagy has more than

35 years of experience in nuclear and radiochemistry teaching. Her research interest

is the study of the interfacial processes of natural sorbents, including soils, rocks,

clay minerals mainly by radioactive tracer methods. Recently, she has been dealing

principally with studies of nuclear waste storage. She has written or co-written

numerous peer-reviewed scientific papers and is the co-author four books in the

fields of nuclear and radiochemistry as well as the interfacial chemistry of geological

formations. She won the George Hevesys award for nuclear safety in Hungary.

Dr Nagy is the president of the Radiochemical Scientific Committee of Hungarian

Academy of Sciences.

József Kónya is a professor of radiochemistry in the Imre Lajos Isotope Laboratory

of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Hungary. He earned his M.Sc. and

Ph.D. in physical chemistry from that same university. He holds a D.Sc. degree in

Radiochemistry from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Dr Konya has more than

60 years of experience teaching in the fields of nuclear and radiochemistry. His

research interest is the study of the interfacial processes of natural sorbents, including

soils, rocks, and clay minerals mainly by radioactive tracer methods. Recently,

he has been dealing principally with studies of nuclear waste storage. He has written

or co-written numerous peer-reviewed articles and is the co-author of four books

in the fields of nuclear and radiochemistry as well as the interfacial chemistry of

geological formations. He won the George Hevesys Award for nuclear safety in

Hungary.
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