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E-raamat: International Maritime Conventions (Volume 1): The Carriage of Goods and Passengers by Sea [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

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For the first time, this unique text brings together all private international maritime law conventions alongside expert commentary and analysis. Truly global in approach, the book covers each of the nineteen conventions currently in force, all scrutinised by this internationally-acclaimed author. It also examines important maritime conventions not yet in force, including the topical Rotterdam Rules.

Split into three convenient volumes, this comprehensive resource provides a thorough treatment of both wet and dry shipping treaties, combining breadth of coverage with depth of analysis. In this first volume, the author covers conventions dealing with the Carriage of Goods and Passengers by Sea, in particular:

- International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bills of Lading, 1924 and its Protocol of 1968 and 1979 (Hague-Visby Rules)

- United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea, 1978 (Hamburg Rules)

- United Nations Convention on the International Carriage of Goods wholly or Partly by Sea, 2008 (Rotterdam Rules)

- Athens Convention Relating to the Carriage of Passengers and their Luggage by Sea, 1974 as amended by its Protocol of 2002 (Athens Convention)

This book is an indispensable reference for maritime lawyers, academics and students of maritime law worldwide.
Glossary xv
General introduction xx
Table of conventions
xxv
Table of Travaux Preparatoires
xxxvi
Table of National legislation
xxxviii
Table of cases
xl
Table of European legislation
xlvi
Volume I
Part I Carriage of goods by sea
Chapter 1 International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bills of Lading, 1924 and its Protocols of 1968 and 1979 (Hague-Visby Rules)
3(71)
1 Introduction
3(2)
2 Scope of application
5(9)
2.1 The international scope
5(3)
2.2 Period of the contract of carriage covered by the Convention
8(6)
3 Transport documents
14(3)
3.1 Type of document
14(1)
3.2 Time by which the document must be issued
14(1)
3.3 Contents of the document
15(1)
3.4 Evidentiary effect of the document
16(1)
4 Liability regime of the carrier
17(32)
4.1 Obligations of the carrier
17(8)
4.2 Notion of loss or damage
25(1)
4.3 Who is liable for loss of or damage to the goods
26(1)
4.4 Basis of liability and allocation of the burden of proof
26(2)
4.5 Individual excepted perils
28(14)
4.6 Deviation in order to save or attempt to save life or property or other reasonable deviation
42(3)
4.7 Misstatement of the nature or value of the goods done knowingly
45(1)
4.8 Liability in tort of the carrier and liability of the servants and agents of the carrier
46(1)
4.9 How the loss of or damage to the goods must be calculated
47(2)
5 Liability of the shipper
49(3)
5.1 General liability
49(1)
5.2 Liability in respect of wrong information relating to the goods
49(1)
5.3 Liability in respect of dangerous goods
49(3)
6 Limits of liability
52(16)
6.1 The precedents
52(1)
6.2 Conditions, if any, for the application of the limit
53(2)
6.3 Claims subject to limitation
55(1)
6.4 Manner of calculation of the limit
55(3)
6.5 Amount of the limit
58(3)
6.6 Amendment of the limits by the shipper or by agreement between the shipper and the carrier
61(1)
6.7 Loss of the right to limit
61(7)
7 The notice of loss or damage and time for suit
68(4)
7.1 Notice of loss or damage
68(3)
7.2 Time for suit
71(1)
7.3 Extension of the time for suit
71(1)
8 Mandatory nature of the rules
72(1)
9 The implementation of the Convention and its Protocols
73(1)
Chapter 2 United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea, 1978 (Hamburg Rules)
74(27)
1 Interpretation
74(1)
2 Scope of application
75(3)
2.1 The contract approach
75(1)
2.2 The complementary documentary approach
75(1)
2.3 The geographic approach
76(1)
2.4 Notion of carrier and actual carrier
76(1)
2.5 Notion of goods
76(1)
2.6 Period of application
77(1)
3 Transport documents
78(3)
3.1 Types of document
78(1)
3.2 Contents of the bill of lading
79(1)
3.3 Reservations and evidentiary effect of the bill of lading
79(1)
3.4 Guarantees by the shipper
80(1)
4 Liability regime of the carrier
81(3)
5 Deck cargo
84(1)
6 The liability regime when carriage is entrusted in whole or in part to an actual carrier
85(1)
7 Through carriage
86(1)
8 Limits of liability and loss of the right to limit
86(1)
9 Application of the Convention to actions in tort against the carrier
87(1)
10 Application of the Convention to actions against servants or agents of the carrier
87(1)
11 Liability regime of the shipper
88(2)
12 Notice of loss or damage
90(1)
13 Time for suit
91(1)
14 Jurisdiction and arbitration
92(5)
14.1 Jurisdiction
92(2)
14.2 Arbitration
94(3)
15 Mandatory nature of the rules
97(1)
16 Other conventions
98(3)
Chapter 3 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea, 2008 (Rotterdam Rules)
101(158)
1 The history of the Convention
101(4)
2 Nature and purpose of the definitions in art. 1 of the Rotterdam Rules
105(1)
3 Interpretation
105(1)
4 Form requirements
106(3)
5 Scope of application of the Rotterdam Rules
109(10)
5.1 Linkage of the contract with Contracting States
109(2)
5.2 The contractual approach
111(5)
5.3 The documentary and the type of trade approaches
116(3)
6 Scope of application of the Rotterdam Rules in respect of carriage preceding or subsequent to sea carriage
119(19)
6.1 Transition from a pure maritime instrument to a "maritime plus" instrument
119(2)
6.2 Legal regime applicable to door-to-door contracts of carriage
121(2)
6.3 Analysis of article 26
123(8)
6.4 Analysis of article 82
131(7)
7 Persons other than the carrier and the shipper to whom the Rotterdam Rules apply
138(4)
7.1 Persons performing services for the carrier
139(1)
7.2 Persons sharing obligations of or performing services for the shipper
140(2)
8 Transport documents and electronic transport records
142(20)
8.1 Principle of the equivalence between paper documents and electronic communications
142(2)
8.2 Notion of "transport document" and "electronic transport record"
144(1)
8.3 Issuance of the transport document or electronic transport record
145(2)
8.4 Contents of the transport document
147(15)
9 Transfer of rights
162(2)
10 Obligations of the carrier
164(8)
10.1 Carriage and delivery of the goods
164(1)
10.2 Period of responsibility of the carrier
165(1)
10.3 Specific obligations
166(4)
10.4 Goods that may become a danger
170(1)
10.5 Sacrifice of the goods during the voyage by sea
170(2)
11 Liability of the carrier for loss, damage or delay
172(21)
11.1 Basis of liability
172(1)
11.2 Allocation of the burden of proof
172(5)
11.3 Liability for concurrent causes
177(1)
11.4 Excepted perils
177(6)
11.5 Deck cargo
183(2)
11.6 Deviation
185(1)
11.7 Liability of the carrier for acts or omissions of other persons
186(1)
11.8 Liability of maritime performing parties
186(2)
11.9 Delay
188(2)
11.10 Calculation of compensation
190(1)
11.11 Notice in case of loss, damage or delay
191(2)
12 Obligations of the shipper
193(12)
12.1 Obligations concerning the delivery of the goods to the carrier
193(2)
12.2 Obligations to provide information, instructions and documents relating to the goods
195(3)
12.3 Information for compilation of contract particulars
198(1)
12.4 Basis of the shipper's liability
199(1)
12.5 Special rules on dangerous goods
199(3)
12.6 Liability of the shipper for other persons
202(1)
12.7 Assumption of shipper's rights and obligations by the documentary shipper
202(1)
12.8 Cooperation of the shipper and the carrier
203(1)
12.9 Liability of the shipper for delay
204(1)
13 Rights of the controlling party
205(8)
13.1 Introduction
205(1)
13.2 Definition of the right of control
206(1)
13.3 When the right of control arises and when it terminates
207(1)
13.4 Identity of the controlling party
208(1)
13.5 Transfer of the right of control
208(1)
13.6 Exercise of the right of control
209(1)
13.7 Execution by the carrier of the instructions of the person entitled to exercise the right of control
209(2)
13.8 Variations of the contract of carriage
211(1)
13.9 Obligation of the performing party to provide information, instructions or documents to the carrier
212(1)
13.10 Non-mandatory character of certain rules
212(1)
14 Delivery of the goods
213(14)
14.1 Obligation of the consignee to accept delivery
213(1)
14.2 Obligation of the consignee to acknowledge receipt of the goods
214(1)
14.3 Specific rules applicable to delivery according to the type of transport document or electronic transport record
214(9)
14.4 Goods remaining undelivered
223(4)
15 Time for suit
227(2)
15.1 The legal nature of the time limit
227(1)
15.2 Calculation of time limits
228(1)
16 Limits of liability
229(5)
16.1 Scope of application of the limits
229(1)
16.2 Increase of the limits
229(1)
16.3 Manner of calculation of the limit
230(1)
16.4 Calculation of the limit for goods stowed in or on a container etc.
231(2)
16.5 Limits for loss caused by delay
233(1)
16.6 Loss of the right to limit
233(1)
17 Jurisdiction and arbitration
234(10)
17.1 Introduction
234(1)
17.2 Jurisdiction
235(6)
17.3 Arbitration
241(3)
18 Mandatory character of the Rotterdam Rules and its limits
244(15)
18.1 Introduction
244(1)
18.2 The travaux preparatoires of the Rotterdam Rules
245(4)
18.3 The analysis of the provisions contained in the Rotterdam Rules
249(1)
18.4 The exceptions to the general rule on the mandatory character of the Rotterdam Rules
250(9)
Part II Carriage of passengers by sea
Chapter 4 Athens Convention relating to the Carriage of Passengers and their Luggage by Sea, 1974, as amended by the Protocol of 2002
259(35)
1 Introduction
259(1)
2 Scope of application
260(2)
2.1 Connecting factors according to art. 2.1
260(1)
2.2 Application of the Convention to cruise contracts
260(1)
2.3 Relationship with conventions on (global) limitation of liability
261(1)
2.4 Exclusion of nuclear damage
261(1)
2.5 Declaration of non-application
261(1)
3 Period of application and period of responsibility
262(1)
4 Liability of the carrier
262(6)
4.1 Liability for death of or personal injury to a passenger
262(4)
4.2 Liability of the carrier for loss resulting from loss of or damage to luggage
266(1)
4.3 Calculation of compensation
267(1)
4.4 Contributory fault
267(1)
5 Liability of the carrier for loss of valuables
268(1)
6 Performing carrier
268(1)
7 Limits of liability
268(6)
7.1 The unit of account
268(1)
7.2 Limit for death and personal injury
269(1)
7.3 Limit for loss of or damage to cabin luggage
270(1)
7.4 Limit of liability for loss of or damage to vehicles and luggage therein or thereon
270(1)
7.5 Limit of liability for loss of or damage to other luggage
271(1)
7.6 Deductibles
271(1)
7.7 Interest on damages and legal costs
271(1)
7.8 Increase of the limits
271(1)
7.9 Conversion of the SDR into national currency
272(1)
7.10 Loss of the right to limit liability
272(1)
7.11 Amendments of the limits
273(1)
8 Defences and limits for the servants and agents of the carrier
274(1)
9 Mandatory character of the rules
275(1)
10 Compulsory insurance
275(5)
10.1 Nature of the security
276(1)
10.2 Amount of the security
277(1)
10.3 Who is bound to maintain insurance or other security and when the obligation arises
277(1)
10.4 Nature of the security
278(1)
10.5 Certificate of insurance or other financial security
278(1)
10.6 International validity of the certificates
279(1)
10.7 Direct action against the insurer or the provider of financial security
279(1)
10.8 Ships owned by States Parties
280(1)
11 Notice of loss of or damage to luggage
280(1)
12 Timebar for actions
281(1)
13 Jurisdiction
281(3)
13.1 The rules in art. 17(1)
281(3)
13.2 The rule in art. 17(2)
284(1)
14 Recognition and enforcement of judgments
284(1)
15 Invalidity of contractual provisions
285(1)
16 The IMO Reservation and Guidelines
286(5)
16.1 The IMO Reservation
286(2)
16.2 The IMO Guidelines
288(2)
16.3 Possible conflict between the Athens Convention, as amended by the IMO Reservation and Guidelines, and the LLMC Convention, 1976--1996
290(1)
17 Adoption by the European Union of Regulation (EC) No. 392/2009 and its accession to the Protocol of 2002
291(3)
Appendix 1 Hague-Visby Rules 294(27)
Appendix 2 Hamburg Rules 321(15)
Appendix 3 Rotterdam Rules 336(41)
Appendix 4 Athens Convention 377(56)
Index 433
Francesco Berlingieri is a renowned Italian lawyer based in Genoa, Italy, specializing in maritime law at Studio Legale Berlingieri, the very first law firm to specialise in maritime law.



Francesco has taught maritime law at various institutions in Italy and abroad. He was President of the Comite Maritime International (CMI) and presently holds an ad honorem President status. In addition, he is the Editor of the CMI Publications, Editor of Il Diritto Marittimo (a quarterly maritime law review, published in Genoa, Italy), the correspondent in Italy for Lloyd's Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly, and the author of many books and articles in Italian, English and French.