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E-raamat: Interpreting the CMMI (R): A Process Improvement Approach, Second Edition 2nd edition [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

(Agiledigm, Inc., Ormond Beach, Florida, USA), (Agiledigm, Inc., Ormond Beach, Florida, USA)
  • Formaat: 424 pages, 72 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Mar-2008
  • Kirjastus: Auerbach
  • ISBN-13: 9780429151392
  • Taylor & Francis e-raamat
  • Hind: 184,65 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
  • Tavahind: 263,78 €
  • Säästad 30%
  • Formaat: 424 pages, 72 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Mar-2008
  • Kirjastus: Auerbach
  • ISBN-13: 9780429151392
The second edition of guide to implementing process improvement technology is the summary of the authors' experience with Capability Maturity Model Integration, or CMMI. Kulpa and Johnson (AgileDigm, Inc.) have a combined 70 years of experience in consulting and software engineering, and present a systemized approach to installing CMMI applications for IT professionals in a corporate environment. The authors emphasize quality assurance, training and team building throughout this volume. Annotation ©2008 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Written by experienced process improvement professionals who have developed and implemented computer based systems in organizations around the world, Interpreting the CMMI®: A Process Improvement Approach, Second Edition provides you with specific techniques for performing process improvement.

Employing everyday language and supported by real world examples, the authors describe the fundamental concepts of the CMMI model, covering goals, practices, architecture, and definitions, and provide a structured approach for implementing the concepts of the CMMI into any organization. They discuss getting started in the process improvement effort, as well as how to continue on to high maturity. They walk you through the myriad of charts and graphs involved in statistical process control and offer practical recommendations. They also provide information on blending different process improvement initiatives into organizational programs (including agile development), and in this edition include more in-depth information.

The authors distill the knowledge gained in their combined 70 years of experience in project management, software engineering, systems engineering, metrics, quality assurance, appraisals, training, process improvement, and team building. Whether you are new to process improvement or an experienced professional, this volume will save you time wasted on false starts, false promises by marketers, and failed deadlines.

The authors have been responsible for successfully implementing process improvement in several different organizations. This book is based on real-life experience, not on academic theories. It provides workable solutions to inherent challenges such as appropriate roles and responsibility, resistance to change, and meaningful documentation, thus transforming CMMI concepts into practical applications.

About the Authors xvii
SECTION I INTRODUCTION
1 Introduction
3
What Is the CMMI®?
3
Why Did We Write This Book?
3
How to Read This Book
4
Why Use CMMI?
5
Family of CMMs
6
Terminology
6
History of the CMMI
8
Appraisal View versus Improvement View
10
Changes from CMMI Version 1.1 to CMMI Version 1.2
11
Changes to Our Book, Interpreting the CMMI, from First Edition to Second Edition
12
Summary
12
2 Beginning the Journey
15
Introduction
15
What Is Process Improvement?
15
What Is a Process?
19
Models
22
Business Goals and Objectives
25
Problems
27
Summary
28
3 Structure of the CMMI
29
Terms and Definitions
29
CMMI Model Structure
31
Model Structure for the Staged Representation
32
Maturity Levels
32
Process Areas (PAs)
33
Goals
33
Practices
33
Relationship between Goals and Practices
33
Model Structure for the Continuous Representation
34
Process Management
34
Project Management
34
Engineering
34
Support
35
Goals and Practices
35
Generic Goals and Practices
36
Target Profile
37
Target Staging
37
Achievement Profile
37
Capability Level Profile
37
Other Components
38
Required, Expected, and Informative Components
40
Summary
40
4 CMMI Representations
41
The Staged Representation
41
Maturity Level 1 Initial
41
Maturity Level 2 Managed
42
Maturity Level 3 Defined
42
Maturity Level 4 Quantitatively Managed
43
Maturity Level 5 Optimizing
43
The Continuous Representation
45
Capability Level 0: Incomplete
45
Capability Level 1: Performed
45
Capability Level 2: Managed
45
Capability Level 3: Defined
46
Capability Level 4: Quantitatively Managed
46
Capability Level 5: Optimizing
47
Which One Should I Use?
49
It Depends
49
Our Mandate
54
Summary
55
SECTION II CMMI PROCESS AREAS
5 Understanding Maturity Level 2: Managed
59
Moving from Level 1 to Level 2
61
The Process Areas for Maturity Level 2: Managed
63
Requirements Management
63
Project Planning
66
Project Monitoring and Control
69
Supplier Agreement Management
71
Measurement and Analysis
73
Process and Product Quality Assurance
75
Configuration Management
77
Summary
79
6 Understanding Maturity Level 3: Defined
81
Moving from Level 2 to Level 3
81
Process Areas for the Maturity Level 3: Defined
85
Requirements Development
85
Technical Solution
87
Product Integration
90
Verification
91
Validation
93
Organizational Process Focus
95
Organizational Process Definition + IPPD
97
Organizational Training
99
Integrated Project Management + IPPD
101
Risk Management
103
Decision Analysis and Resolution
105
Summary
106
7 Understanding Maturity Level 4: Quantitatively Managed
109
Moving from Level 3 to Level 4
109
The Process Areas for Maturity Level 4: Quantitatively Managed
113
Organizational Process Performance
113
Quantitative Project Management
116
Summary
119
8 Understanding Maturity Level 5: Optimizing
121
Moving from Level 4 to Level 5
121
The Process Areas for Maturity Level 5: Optimizing
123
Organizational Innovation and Deployment
123
Causal Analysis and Resolution
125
Summary
127
SECTION III IMPLEMENTATION
9 Alignment of Multiple Process Improvement Initiatives
131
Process Improvement Team Structure
132
Integration of Existing Policies, Processes, and Procedures
133
Collect and Review the Policies, Processes, and Procedures
134
Examine the Interfaces
134
Review the Roles
134
Consider Life Cycles
135
Consider the Level of Detail
135
Consider the Format
135
Measurement Programs
135
Collect and Review the Related Documentation
138
Collect Examples of Measures Presented to Management
138
Identify All the Groups (or Individuals) with Measurement Responsibility
138
Identify How the Measures Are Being Collected
139
Create a Measurement Log
139
Training Programs
139
Identify Which Training Programs Are in Scope
140
Identify All Sources of Training
140
Identify and Collect All Training Plans and Schedule
140
Identify All Training Courses
140
Scenarios
141
Scenario One: Merged Teams
142
Scenario Two: Separate but Equal
143
Summary
144
10 Is CMMI Right for Small Organizations?
145
Definitions
145
Systems Engineering
146
Software Engineering
146
Integrated Product and Process Development
147
Acquisition
147
The Staged Representation (The Architecture in Use by the Software CMM)
147
The Continuous Representation (The Architecture in Use by the Systems Engineering Models)
147
Maturity Levels
148
Capability Levels
148
SCAMPI
148
Small Organizations
149
Point—Counterpoint
149
Summary
155
11 Establishing Your Process Improvement Organization
157
Set Up
157
SCAMPI
158
The Design Phase
159
The Pilot Phase
160
Select the Pilot Project(s)
161
Document the Success Criteria
161
Train Pilot Participants
161
Monitor the Pilot Efforts
162
Refine Policies/Procedures Based on Pilot Results
162
After the Pilots
162
The Implementation Phase
162
Monitoring the Process Improvement Effort
163
Sample Process Improvement Program
163
ABC Corporation Process Improvement (PI) Program
163
Different Approaches for Process Improvement
164
The Traditional Approach to PI
165
An Alternate Approach
165
Summary
165
12 People, Roles, and Responsibilities
167
Process Improvement Champions, Sponsors, and Groups
167
Engineering Process Group (EPG)
168
Process Action Teams (PATs)
171
Training for PI Members
173
EPG and PAT Member Qualifications
173
Conducting Meetings
174
Quality Assurance (QA) and the EPG
174
Summary
175
13 Documentation Guidelines
177
Introduction
177
Definitions
178
Process Definition Approaches
180
Identify Workshop Parameters
180
Prepare Workshop Activities and Materials
181
Manage Workshop Logistics
181
Facilitate Workshops
181
Document Workshop Outcomes
181
Analyze Workshop Findings
182
Summary
182
14 Planning and Tracking the Effort
183
Defining Plans
183
The PI Plan
184
Implementation/Operations Plan
185
Action Plans
186
Communications Plans
186
Tracking the Documentation
189
Summary
192
15 Defining Processes, Procedures, Policies, and Charters
193
Defining Processes
193
Activity Entry Criteria
196
Activity Exit Criteria
196
Activity Input Criteria
196
Activity Output Criteria
196
Activity Performed By
197
What Activity Comes Next?
197
Defining Procedures
198
Defining Policies
201
Charters
202
Summary
203
SECTION IV MEASUREMENT
16 Measurement within the CMMI
209
The Measurement and Analysis Process Area
209
The Engineering Process Areas
210
The CMMI Measurement Focus
212
Evolution of Measurement
213
Summary
213
17 A Boatload of Metrics
215
Background
215
Selecting Metrics for Your Organization.
216
List of Metrics
218
Level 2
219
Requirements Management
219
Project Planning
220
Project Monitoring and Control
220
Measurement and Analysis
220
Supplier Agreement Management
220
Process and Product Quality Assurance (QA)
Configuration Management (CM)
222
Level 3
222
Requirements Development
222
Technical Solution
222
Product Integration
223
Verification
224
Validation
224
Organizational Process Focus
224
Organizational Process Definition + IPPD
224
Organizational Training
225
Integrated Project Management + IPPD
225
Risk Management
225
Decision Analysis and Resolution
226
Level 4
226
Organizational Process Performance
226
Quantitative Project Management
226
Level 5
227
Organizational Innovation and Deployment
227
Causal Analysis and Resolution
228
Questions to Ask When Generating and Reviewing Metrics
228
Planning the Metrics Process
229
Some Problems You May Encounter
230
Recommendations
231
Recommendations to Improve the Metrics Identification and Collection Process Itself
231
Recommendations to Improve Actual Performance on Projects
231
Summary
232
18 Statistical Process Control
235
Background Information
236
Seven Common Tools
237
Check Sheet
238
Run Chart
238
Histogram
239
Pareto Chart
239
Scatter Diagram/Chart
240
Cause and Effect/Fishbone Diagram
241
Control Chart
241
Representing and Reporting Data
242
The Tyranny of Control Charts
244
Individuals and Moving Range Control Chart (XmR)
247
Computing Limits for the XmR Chart
253
Hints on How to Read the Charts
254
c-Charts
254
u-Charts
255
Summary
256
19 A High-Maturity Perspective
257
Event Level Measurement
258
Process Performance Baseline
258
So How Do You Use a PPB with Your Projects?
259
Process Performance Model
260
PPB Elements (Lines 1-10)
262
Historical Effort Distribution (Line 12)
262
Estimates
262
Actuals by Phase (Line 18)
263
Prediction Based on Actual When Available or Best Estimate (Line 20)
263
Transitioning to Level 4
264
Select the Measures That Will Be the Basis for Your PPBs and PPMs
264
Collect the Measures Identified from the Projects
265
Analyze the Data from the Projects
266
Establish Organizational PPBs and PPMs from the Project Data
266
Derive Project Goals
267
Select Critical Subprocesses to Be Managed by the Project
267
Select the Process Performance Baselines to Be Used by the Project
267
Select the Process Performance Model(s) to Be Used by the Project
268
Manage the Project Quantitatively
268
Start Early to Level 4
268
Transitioning to Level 5
269
Create an Organizational Group Responsible for the Collection of Improvement Suggestions for Both Process and Technology
269
Establish a Well-Defined Process for Improvement Proposals
270
Establish Process Improvement Goals
270
Clearly Communicate Process Improvement Activities and Goals to the Staff
271
Summary
272
SECTION V APPRAISALS
20 Appraisals Using the CMMI
277
Definitions
278
SCAMPI Fundamentals
280
Non-process Improvement Appraisals
280
Appraisal Classes
281
Which Class Appraisal Method Should I Use
283
Using SCAMPI A in the Field
284
Additional Requirements for High Maturity SCAMPI A Appraisals
287
Reusing Previous Appraisal Results
287
Frequently Asked Questions for Planning and Conducting a SCAMPI A
288
Summary
295
21 The SCAMPI A Approach
297
Our Perspective
298
What Is a SCAMPI A Appraisal?
298
Plan and Prepare for Appraisal Phase
300
Analyze Requirements Process
300
Develop the Appraisal Plan Process
301
Select and Prepare the Team Process
303
Obtain and Inventory Initial Objective Evidence Process
305
Prepare for Appraisal Conduct Process
305
Conduct Appraisal Phase
306
Prepare Participants Process
308
Examine and Verify Objective Evidence Processes
308
Validate Preliminary Findings Process
312
Generate Appraisal Results Process
314
Report Results Phase
318
Deliver Appraisal Results Process
318
Package and Archive Appraisal Assets Process
319
Summary
320
22 Those Damn PIIDs'
321
What Are PIIDS and Why Must I Use Them?
321
What Do the PIIDs Look Like?
325
So Why Do PIIDs Take So Much Time?
333
How Can I Screw Up a PIID?
333
Data Consolidation Worksheets
336
Summary
340
SECTION VI ODDS AND ENDS
23 Agile and the CMMI
343
What Is Agile?
343
Agile Methods
345
What Is Scrum?
345
Complementary Approaches
346
How CMMI Can Be Used with Agile
347
Establish and Maintain an Organizational Policy for Planning and Performing Agile Methods (GP 2.1)
347
Establish and Maintain the Plan for Performing Agile Methods (GP 2.2)
347
Provide Adequate Resources for Performing Agile Methods (GP 2.3)
348
Assign Responsibility and Authority for Performing Agile Methods (GP 2.4)
348
Train the People Performing Agile Methods (GP 2.5)
348
Place Designated Work Products under Appropriate Level of Configuration Management (GP 2.6)
349
Identify and Involve the Relevant Stakeholders as Planned (GP 2.7)
349
Monitor and Control Agile Methods against the Plan and Take Appropriate Corrective Action (GP 2.8)
349
Objectively Evaluate Adherence to the Agile Methods and
Address Noncompliance (GP 2.9)
349
Review the Activities, Status, and Results of the Agile Methods with Higher-Level Management and Resolve Issues (GP 2.10)
350
Establish and Maintain the Description of Agile Methods (GP 3.1)
350
Collect the Results from Using Agile Methods to Support Future Use and Improve the Organization's Approach to Agile Methods (GP 3.2)
350
Using Agile in High-Maturity Organizations
351
Agile Approach to Process Improvement and SCAMPI
351
Summary
352
24 Closing Thoughts
353
Process Improvement Invades Your Life
353
Change Management
354
Rewards and Punishment
357
Management Commitment
358
Quality Assurance Is the Key
359
CMMI Perspective
360
Summary
361
References and Further Reading
363
SECTION VII APPENDICES
Appendix A: Comparing CBI-IPI to SCE to SCAMPI
367
Appendix B: Myths and Legends of the CMMI
373
Appendix C: Checklists for Pilot Projects
379
Appendix D: Organizational In-Brief to SCAMPI Team
387
Index 391
Margaret K. Kulpa, Kent A. Johnson