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1 Introduction: The Market Context. |
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1.1 Capital and the Capital Markets. |
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1.2 The Euromarkets (International Capital Markets). |
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1.3 Modern Investment Banking. |
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1.4 The Clients of Investment Banks. |
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2.2 Domestic Money Markets. |
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2.4 The European Central Bank (ECB). |
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2.5 Sterling Money Markets. |
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2.7 Systemic Risks and Moral Hazards. |
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2.9 Discounting Treasury Bills. |
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2.10 US Commercial Paper. |
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2.11 Credit Risk on USCP. |
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2.12 Bankers’ Acceptances. |
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2.13 The Eurocurrency Markets. |
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2.14 Eurocurrency Loans and Deposits. |
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2.15 Eurocurrency Interest and Day-Count. |
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2.16 Eurocurrency Certificates of Deposit. |
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2.17 CD Yield-to-Maturity. |
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2.18 Euro-Commercial Paper. |
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2.21 Other Features of Repos. |
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3 The Foreign Exchange Market. |
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3.3 FX Dealers and Brokers. |
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3.4 Spot Foreign Exchange Deals. |
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3.5 Sterling and Euro Quotations. |
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3.6 Factors Affecting Spot FX Rates. |
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3.8 Spot Position Keeping. |
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3.10 Cross-Currency Rates. |
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3.11 Outright Forward FX Rates. |
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3.12 Outright Forward FX Hedge: Case Study. |
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3.14 FX or Forward Swaps. |
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3.15 FX Swap Two-Way Quotations. |
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4 Major Government Bond Markets. |
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4.2 Introduction to Government Bonds. |
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4.4 US Government Notes and Bonds. |
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4.5 US Treasury Quotations. |
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4.8 Pricing Coupon Bonds: Examples. |
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4.9 Detailed Bond Valuation: US Treasury. |
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4.11 Reinvestment Assumptions. |
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4.12 Annual and Semi-Annual Bond Yields. |
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4.13 UK Government Bonds. |
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4.14 Japanese Government Bonds (JGBs). |
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4.15 Eurozone Government Bonds. |
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5 Bond Price Sensitivity. |
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5.3 Other Factors Affecting Price Sensitivity. |
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5.5 Calculating Macaulay’s Duration. |
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5.8 Price Value of a Basis Point. |
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5.10 Measuring Convexity. |
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5.11 Convexity Behaviour. |
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5.15 Duration-Based Hedges. |
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5.16 Convexity Effects on Duration Hedges. |
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6.2 Real and Nominal Interest Rates. |
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6.4 The Yield Curve Defined. |
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6.5 Theories of Yield Curves. |
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6.6 Zero Coupon or Spot Rates. |
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6.8 Spot Rates and the Par Curve. |
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6.9 Pricing Models Using Spot Rates. |
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7 Credit Spreads and Securitization. |
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7.2 Basics of Credit Spreads. |
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7.3 The Role of the Ratings Agencies. |
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7.4 Credit Spreads and Default Probabilities. |
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7.5 Credit Default Swaps. |
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7.6 Index Credit Default Swaps. |
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7.7 Basket Default Swaps. |
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7.9 Securitization and CDOs. |
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7.10 Rationale for Securitization. |
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8 Equity Markets and Equity Investment. |
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8.2 Comparing Corporate Debt and Equity. |
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8.3 Additional Features of Common Stock. |
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8.5 Equity Investment Styles. |
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8.7 Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT). |
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8.8 Primary Markets for Common Stock. |
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8.9 Subsequent Common Stock Issues. |
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8.10 Secondary Markets: Major Stock Markets. |
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8.11 Depository Receipts. |
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8.13 Portfolio (Basket) Trading. |
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9 Equity Fundamental Analysis. |
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9.2 Principles of Common Stock Valuation. |
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9.3 The Balance Sheet Equation. |
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9.4 The Income Statement. |
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9.5 Earnings Per Share (EPS). |
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9.6 Dividend Per Share (DPS). |
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9.9 Profitability Ratios. |
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9.11 Investor Ratios and Valuation. |
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9.12 Applying Valuation Multiples. |
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9.13 Firm or Enterprise Value Multiples. |
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10 Cash Flow Models in Equity Valuation. |
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10.2 The Basic Dividend Discount Model. |
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10.3 Constant Dividend Growth Models. |
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10.4 The Implied Return on a Share. |
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10.5 Dividend Yield and Dividend Growth. |
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10.6 Price/Earnings Ratio. |
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10.7 Stage Dividend Discount Models. |
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10.8 Two-Stage Model: Example. |
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10.9 The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). |
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10.11 Estimating the Market Risk Premium. |
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10.12 The Equity Risk Premium Controversy. |
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10.13 CAPM and Portfolio Theory. |
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10.14 Free Cash Flow Valuation. |
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10.15 Forecasting Free Cash Flows. |
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10.16 Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). |
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10.19 Assets Beta Method. |
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10.20 Company Value and Leverage. |
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11 Interest Rate Forwards and Futures. |
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11.2 Forward Rate Agreements (FRAs). |
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11.3 FRA Application: Case Study. |
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11.4 Borrowing Costs with an FRA Hedge. |
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11.5 FRA Market Quotations. |
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11.6 The Forward Interest Rate. |
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11.8 CME Eurodollar Futures. |
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11.9 Eurodollar Futures Quotations. |
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11.11 Margining Example: EURIBOR Futures on Eurex. |
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11.12 Hedging with Interest Rate Futures: Case Study. |
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Appendix: Statistics on Derivatives Markets. |
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12.3 The CBOT 30-Year US Treasury Bonds Futures. |
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12.4 Invoice Amount and Conversion Factors. |
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12.5 Long Gilt and Euro-Bund Futures. |
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12.8 The Implied Repo Rate. |
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12.9 The Cheapest to Deliver (CTD) Bond. |
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12.11 Hedging with Bond Futures. |
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12.13 Hedging Non-CTD Bonds. |
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12.14 Using Futures in Portfolio Management. |
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13.3 The Basic Interest Rate Swap Illustrated. |
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13.4 Typical Swap Applications. |
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13.5 Interest Rate Swap: Detailed Case Study. |
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13.6 Interest Rate Swap Terms. |
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13.7 Comparative Advantage. |
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13.8 Swap Quotations and Spreads. |
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13.9 Determinants of Swap Spreads. |
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13.10 Hedging Swaps with Treasuries. |
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13.11 Cross-Currency Swaps: Case Study. |
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13.12 Cross-Currency Swap Revaluation. |
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14 Interest Rate Swap Valuation. |
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14.2 Valuing a Swap at Inception. |
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14.3 Valuing the Swap Components. |
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14.5 Revaluation Between Payment Dates. |
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14.6 The Forward Rate Method. |
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14.7 Forward Rate Method on a Spreadsheet. |
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14.8 Swap Rates and LIBOR Rates. |
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14.9 Pricing a Swap from Futures. |
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14.10 Hedging Interest Rate Risk on Swaps. |
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15 Equity Index Futures and Swaps. |
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15.3 Margining Procedures. |
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15.4 Final Settlement and Spread Trades. |
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15.5 Hedging with Index Futures: Case Study. |
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15.7 Other Uses of Index Futures. |
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15.8 Pricing an Equity Forward Contract. |
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15.9 Index Futures Fair Value. |
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15.11 Index Arbitrage Trade. |
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15.12 Running an Arbitrage Desk. |
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15.13 Features of Index Futures. |
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15.15 Managing the Risks on Equity Swaps. |
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15.16 Structuring Equity Swaps. |
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15.17 Benefits and Applications of Equity Swaps. |
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16 Fundamentals of Options. |
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16.3 Basic Option Trading Strategies. |
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16.4 Long Call: Expiry Payoff Profile. |
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16.5 Short Call: Expiry Payoff Profile. |
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16.6 Long Put: Expiry Payoff Profile. |
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16.7 Short Put: Expiry Payoff Profile. |
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16.8 Summary: Intrinsic and Time Value. |
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16.10 CME S&P 500 Index Options. |
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16.11 Stock Options on LIFFE. |
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16.12 FT-SE 100 Index Options. |
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Appendix: Exotic Options. |
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17 Option Valuation Models. |
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17.2 Fundamental Principles: European Options. |
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17.3 Synthetic Forwards and Futures. |
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17.4 American Options and Early Exercise. |
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17.7 Black-Scholes Model. |
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17.8 Black-Scholes Assumptions. |
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Appendix: Measuring Historic Volatility. |
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18 Option Pricing and Risks. |
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18.2 Intrinsic and Time Value Behaviour. |
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18.3 Volatility Assumption and Option Pricing. |
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18.4 DELTA (ΔOR δ). |
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18.7 Readjusting the Delta Hedge. |
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18.9 THETA (Θ). |
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18.11 Rho (p) and Summary of Greeks. |
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Appendix: Delta and Gamma Hedging. |
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19.2 Hedging with Put Options. |
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19.3 Covered Call Writing. |
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19.5 Bull and Bear Spreads. |
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19.6 Other Spread Trades. |
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19.7 Volatility Revisited. |
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19.8 Volatility Trading: Straddles and Strangles. |
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19.9 Current Payoff Profiles. |
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19.10 Profits and Risks on Straddles. |
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20 Additional Option Applications. |
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20.2 OTC and Exchange-traded Currency Options. |
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20.3 Hedging FX Exposures with Options: Case Study. |
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20.4 Pricing Currency Options. |
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20.5 Interest Rate Options. |
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20.6 Exchange-Traded Interest Rate Options. |
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20.7 Caps, Floors, and Collars. |
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20.8 Interest Rate Cap: Case Study. |
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20.9 Pricing Caps and Floors: Black Model. |
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20.11 Interest Rate Strategies. |
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20.13 CB Measures of Value. |
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20.14 Conversion Premium and Parity. |
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20.15 Convertible Arbitrage. |
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Glossary of Financial Terms. |
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