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E-raamat: Introduction to Molecular Beams Gas Dynamics illustrated edition [World Scientific e-raamat]

(Univ Of L'aquila, Italy), (Univ Of Rome, Italy)
  • Formaat: 404 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Sep-2005
  • Kirjastus: Imperial College Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781860947407
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • World Scientific e-raamat
  • Hind: 174,64 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
Introduction to Molecular Beams Gas Dynamics illustrated editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 404 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Sep-2005
  • Kirjastus: Imperial College Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781860947407
Teised raamatud teemal:
World Scientific e-raamatudRohkem infot World Scientific e-raamatute kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/P387#t=toc
Introduction to Molecular Beams Gas Dynamics is devoted to the theory and phenomenology of supersonic molecular beams. The book describes the main physical idea and mathematical methods of the gas dynamics of molecular beams, while the detailed derivation of results and equations is accompanied by an explanation of their physical meaning.The phenomenology of supersonic beams can appear complex to those not experienced in supersonic gas dynamics and the few existing reviews on the topic generally presume specific knowledge of the subject. The book begins with a quantitative description of the fundamental laws of gas dynamics and goes on to explain such phenomena. It analyzes the evolution of the gas jet from the continuum to the regime of almost free collisions between molecules, and includes numerous figures, illustrations, tables and references.
Preface vii
Gas Properties
1(47)
Introduction
1(1)
Perfect and Real Gases
1(1)
Intermolecular Forces
2(4)
Gas Internal Energy
6(2)
Distribution of the Molecules on the Available Energy States
8(2)
The Internal Energy of Polyatomic Molecules
10(2)
The Specific Heats and their Ratio
12(3)
The Molecular Velocity Distribution. Averaged Values
15(1)
The Mean Free Path and the Transport Coefficients
16(6)
Classical Dynamics of Binary Collisions
22(10)
The Collision Integrals
32(4)
Effusive Sources
36(3)
Different Regimes of a Gas in Thermal Equilibrium
39(1)
On the Possibility of a Macroscopic Description of the Gas Behaviour
40(8)
Gas in equilibrium
40(3)
Gas in non-equilibrium
43(3)
References and Notes
46(2)
The Non-Equilibrium Equations and the Relaxation of the Internal Degrees of Freedom
48(22)
Introduction
48(1)
The Boltzmann Transport Equation
48(2)
The Wang Chang-Uhlembeck and the Master Equations
50(3)
Energy Transfer During Collisions
53(4)
The Vibrational Energy Relaxation
57(7)
The Rotational Energy Relaxation
64(6)
References and Notes
68(2)
The Fundamental Equations of Gas Dynamics
70(40)
Introduction
70(1)
Notes on the Fluid Motion
71(3)
Kinematics of a Fluid Element
74(3)
The Forces Acting on Fluids
77(3)
More on the Forces on a Fluid Element
80(3)
The Stress--Strain Relationship for a Viscous Fluid
83(4)
The Navier--Stokes Equations
87(2)
The Reynolds Number
89(1)
The Fundamental Equations of Fluid Dynamics
90(5)
The Bernoulli Theorem for Compressible Fluids
95(2)
The Propagation of Small Disturbances through a Compressible Fluid
97(3)
The Gas Dynamic Equation
100(3)
The Boundary Layer
103(3)
The Crocco Theorem
106(4)
References and Notes
109(1)
Isoentropic Flow. Characteristic Lines
110(28)
Introduction
110(1)
Isoentropic and Stationary Flow of a Perfect Gas
110(6)
Temperature and Stagnation Pressure
116(2)
The Flux Density
118(2)
Propagation of Small Disturbances in a Gas in Equilibrium. Characteristic Lines
120(2)
The Propagation of Finite Amplitude Disturbances. Characteristic Lines
122(3)
Compression and Rarefaction Waves
125(4)
Generation of Compression and Rarefaction Waves in a Gas Inside a Tube
129(4)
Evolution of the Distribution of the Finite Disturbances
133(5)
Compression waves
133(2)
Rarefaction waves
135(2)
References and Notes
137(1)
The Method of Characteristics
138(48)
Introduction
138(1)
The Differential Equations of the Characteristics
139(4)
Applications
143(9)
Alternative Form of the Compatibility Equations
152(3)
Properties of the Characteristic Lines. Weak Discontinuities
155(1)
The Equations of the Planar Isoentropic Flow in the Hodograph Plane
156(6)
Weakly Perturbed Two-Dimensional Flow. Mach Lines
162(5)
The Flow Near a Curved Wall
167(9)
Flow near a concave wall
168(3)
Flow near a convex wall
171(5)
Reflection of Rarefaction and Compression Waves
176(6)
Reflection from a frictionless rigid wall
176(3)
Reflection from a constant pressure free boundary
179(3)
Intersection of Rarefaction and Compression Waves
182(4)
References and Notes
185(1)
The Shock Waves
186(38)
Introduction
186(1)
Discontinuities in the Flow Fields
187(2)
Normal Shock. Shock Adiabatic
189(2)
Application to a Perfect Gas
191(2)
The Flow Variables Downstream of the Shock as Functions of the Upstream Mach Number
193(5)
The Oblique Shock
198(4)
The Relationship Between the Deflection and Shock Angles
202(4)
The Detached Shock
206(3)
Shock Polars
209(5)
Hodograph shock polar
209(3)
Pressure-deflection shock polar
212(2)
Shock Reflection
214(6)
Regular shock reflection from a planar rigid wall
214(2)
Mach reflection (M.R.) of an oblique shock
216(3)
Reflection of the shock from the free boundary between a moving and stagnating gas
219(1)
Shock Interactions
220(4)
References and Notes
222(2)
The Flow in Nozzles and Jets
224(27)
Introduction
224(1)
Stationary and Isoentropic Flow in Variable Section Ducts
224(5)
Expressions of the Nozzle Flow Rate
229(4)
Effects of the Discharge Pressure Reduction
233(4)
Flow Regimes of a de Laval Nozzle. The Emitted Jet
237(9)
Flow Regimes of a Converging Nozzle. The Emitted Jet
246(5)
References and Notes
250(1)
The Supersonic Free Jet
251(28)
Introduction
251(1)
The Axisymmetric Under-expanded Jet Emitted from Converging Nozzle
251(4)
The Jet Dimensions
255(3)
Variations of the Variables in the Continuous Regime
258(3)
Non-Equilibrium Cooling of a Monatomic Gas
261(4)
Non-Equilibrium Cooling of a Polyatomic Gas
265(4)
The Sudden Freeze Approximation
269(4)
Influence of the Relaxation of an Internal Degree of Freedom on the Flow Variables
273(6)
References and Notes
278(1)
Application of the Boltzmann Equation to a Jet of Monatomic Gas
279(20)
Introduction
279(1)
Fundamental Hypotheses and the Method of Moments
279(4)
Calculation of the Collisional Term
283(4)
The Moment Equations in Reduced Forms
287(3)
Some Considerations about the Obtained Equations
290(2)
Calculation of the Parallel Speed Ratio
292(3)
Comparison with the Experimental Data
295(4)
References and Notes
298(1)
Characterisation of a Particle Source and Extraction of the Molecular Beam
299(19)
Introduction
299(1)
Characterisation of a Particle Source
299(4)
The Virtual Source and the Non-Maxwellian Distribution of v
303(5)
Extraction of a Molecular Beam by a Skimmer
308(10)
References
317(1)
The Condensation in a Supersonic Free Jet
318(10)
Introduction
318(1)
The Gas Expansion in the p-T Phase Diagram
319(1)
The Dimers Formation Mechanism
320(2)
The Dimers Formation Rate
322(6)
References
327(1)
Some Different Topics
328(15)
Introduction
328(1)
The Energetic Balance in a Free Supersonic Jet
328(3)
Pure monatomic gas
328(1)
Pure biatomic gas
329(1)
Pure polyatomic gas
330(1)
Mixture of two monatomic gases
330(1)
Mixture of a monatomic gas (carrier) with a biatomic gas (sample)
330(1)
Binary Mixture
331(6)
Mixture in equilibrium
331(1)
Free jet of a binary mixture
332(5)
Expressions of the Molecular Beam Intensity
337(6)
References
342(1)
Appendix A.1 Different Forms of Eq. (1.2.2) 343(1)
Appendix A.2 Intermolecular Potential Energy 344(1)
Appendix A.3 Molecular Energy Levels 345(3)
Appendix B.1 Deduction of Eqs. (2.5.8;9;10) 348(1)
Appendix C.1 Deduction of Eqs. (3.9.10;13) 349(3)
Appendix C.2 Alternative Deduction of the Bernoulli Equation 352(1)
Appendix D.1 Use of the Prandtl--Meyer Function in the Method of Characteristics 353(1)
Appendix D.2 Planar Flow Classification 354(2)
Appendix D.3 Characteristic Lines and Weak Discontinuities 356(4)
Appendix E.1 Spherical Symmetry Source 360(2)
Appendix E.2 A New Determination of the Flow Field 362(4)
Appendix E.3 Deduction of Eqs. (8.5.1;2) 366(2)
Appendix F.1 Deduction of Eqs. (9.2.9;10;11;12) 368(3)
Appendix F.2 Deduction of Eqs. (9.3.5;6) 371(3)
Appendix F.3 Deduction of Eq. (9.3.14) 374(1)
Appendix G.1 Calculation of the Integral /1 and /2 in Eqs. (12.4.7;14) 375(4)
Index 379
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