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E-raamat: Introduction to Organ Transplantation 2nd Revised edition [World Scientific e-raamat]

Edited by (Cleveland Clinic, Uk), Foreword by (Imperial College Healthcare Nhs Trust, London, Uk)
  • Formaat: 266 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 24-Jul-2012
  • Kirjastus: Imperial College Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781848168558
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • World Scientific e-raamat
  • Hind: 110,88 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
  • Formaat: 266 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 24-Jul-2012
  • Kirjastus: Imperial College Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781848168558
Teised raamatud teemal:
This second edition of the introduction to the field of organ transplantation provides an excellent overview of the tremendous progress made in recent decades, and gives a clear description of the current status of transplant surgery for students and trainees with an interest in this field. It opens with introductory chapters on the history of transplantation and the basic science of immunobiology, and then examines through an organ-based structure the practice of transplantation in each major system, from skin to intestine. There is a 13-year gap between the first and second edition, and this is highlighted in the new collection of chapters of this updated version. This is a timely publication produced in line with the rapidly advancing field of transplantation.The editor, Nadey S Hakim, is a consultant transplant and general surgeon at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, England, and has put together this second volume that will serve as an invaluable guide for transplant surgeons as well as trainees.
Contributors xix
Foreword xxiii
1 History of Organ and Cell Transplantation
1(20)
Nadey S. Hakim
Vassilios Papalois
1.1 HLA and Transplantation Immunology
1(2)
1.1.1 Initial use of cell culture methodologies to detect major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products
2(1)
1.1.2 Genomic organization of the HLA complex
2(1)
1.1.3 Organizations
2(1)
1.2 Organ Donation and Sharing
3(2)
1.2.1 The early kidney programmes
3(1)
1.2.2 The exchange programmes
3(1)
1.2.3 The donors
4(1)
1.2.4 Brain death
4(1)
1.2.5 The nonrenal organs
4(1)
1.3 The History of Kidney Transplantation
5(3)
1.3.1 1902-1912: Experimental efforts of Ullmann and Carrel
5(1)
1.3.2 1906-1913: Initial kidney transplants from animals to humans
5(1)
1.3.3 1936: First unsuccessful kidney transplant between humans
5(1)
1.3.4 1943-1944: Medawar's explanation of graft destruction due to `biological incompability', as described by Carrel
6(1)
1.3.5 1947-1953: Initial unsuccessful allotransplants after World War II
6(1)
1.3.6 1959: First successful kidney transplant between nonidentical twins
7(1)
1.3.7 1960: First successful kidney transplant between nontwin siblings
7(1)
1.3.8 1960-1961: First successful kidney transplant between nonsiblings
7(1)
1.3.9 1961-1962: First kidney transplants using azathioprine
7(1)
1.3.10 1962: First successful cadaveric kidney transplant using immunosuppression
8(1)
1.4 The History of Liver Transplantation
8(1)
1.5 Multi-Visceral Transplants
9(1)
1.6 The History of Pancreas Transplantation
9(1)
1.6.1 Clinical chronology
10(1)
1.6.2 Evolution of recipient selection and programme development
10(1)
1.7 The Development of Islet Transplantation
10(2)
1.7.1 The first successful islet isolation and transplantation
10(1)
1.7.2 Development of techniques for identification, tissue culture and cryopreservation of islet tissue, and assessment of islet viability and function
11(1)
1.7.3 Clinical islet transplantation
11(1)
1.8 The History of Intestinal Transplantation
12(1)
1.8.1 The world experience
12(1)
1.8.2 The Pittsburgh experience
12(1)
1.8.3 Future prospects
12(1)
1.9 The History of Heart Transplantation and Heart Valve Transplantation
13(1)
1.9.1 Clinical heart transplantation in humans
13(1)
1.9.2 Heart valve transplantation
13(1)
1.10 Lung Transplantation
14(1)
1.10.1 Living-related lobar lung transplantation
14(1)
1.11 Bone Marrow Transplantation
14(1)
1.11.1 Early attempts at BMT
14(1)
1.11.2 The new era
15(1)
1.11.3 New developments
15(1)
1.12 Arm Transplantation
15(6)
References
16(5)
2 Ethical Issues in Transplantation
21(38)
Miran Epstein
2.1 The Political Economy of Transplantation
24(6)
2.1.1 The demand for organs
25(2)
2.1.2 The supply of organs
27(3)
2.2 Two Great Solutions
30(2)
2.3 The Ethical Discourse: Procurement of Organs
32(19)
2.3.1 Prosthetic implants
32(1)
2.3.2 Xenogeneic organs
33(4)
2.3.3 Human organs
37(14)
2.4 The Ethical Discourse: Distribution of Organs
51(8)
2.4.1 Prosthetic implants
51(2)
2.4.2 Xenogeneic organs
53(1)
2.4.3 Human organs
53(2)
References
55(4)
3 HLA, The Human Major Histocompatibility Complex
59(12)
Jacques Colombani
3.1 Variability and Polymorphism
61(6)
3.2 Importance of HLA Compatibility in Transplantation
67(4)
References
69(2)
4 Skin Transplantation
71(12)
Shahid A. Khan
John R. C. Telfer
Dai M. Davies
4.1 Alternative Skin Cover
72(1)
4.2 Allograft Skin
72(6)
4.2.1 Allograft skin as a biological dressing
73(1)
4.2.2 Allograft skin as temporary skin cover
73(1)
4.2.3 Allograft skin for definitive skin cover
74(2)
4.2.4 Sources of allograft skin
76(1)
4.2.5 Artificial skin
77(1)
4.3 Transplant of Composite Tissues Involving Skin
78(1)
4.4 The Future
79(4)
References
80(3)
5 Renal Transplantation
83(28)
Nicos Kessaris
Nadey S. Hakim
5.1 History
83(1)
5.2 Live Donor Renal Transplantation
84(1)
5.3 Live Donor Evaluation
85(1)
5.4 Donor Nephrectomy
85(3)
5.5 Complications
88(1)
5.6 Cadaveric Renal Transplantation
89(1)
5.7 Deceased Heart-Beating Donor (HBD)
90(1)
5.8 Non-Heart-Beating Donor (NHBD)
90(1)
5.9 Renal Transplantation
91(1)
5.9.1 Recipient evaluation
91(1)
5.10 Renal Transplant Procedure
92(1)
5.11 Complications
93(6)
5.11.1 Short-term complications
93(5)
5.11.2 Long-term complications
98(1)
5.12 Antibody-Incompatible Transplantation
99(1)
5.12.1 ABO-incompatible transplantation
99(1)
5.13 HLA-Incompatible Transplantation
100(1)
5.14 Pair Exchange and Non-Directed Altruistic Donation
101(1)
5.15 Immunosuppression
101(2)
5.15.1 Immunosuppressive drugs
101(2)
5.15.2 Depleting antibodies
103(1)
5.16 Conclusions
103(8)
References
104(7)
6 Pancreas Transplantation
111(14)
Asim Syed
Nadey S. Hakim
6.1 Indications for Pancreas Transplantation
111(1)
6.2 Procurement and Preservation of the Pancreas
112(1)
6.3 Blood Supply
113(1)
6.4 Preservation Solution
114(1)
6.5 Recipient Operation
114(2)
6.6 Immunosuppression
116(1)
6.7 Outcomes
116(2)
6.8 Effects of Pancreas Transplantation on Secondary Complications of Diabetes and Quality of Life
118(1)
6.9 Quality of Life (QoL)
118(1)
6.10 Surgical Complications of Pancreas Transplantation
119(2)
6.10.1 Bleeding
120(1)
6.10.2 Intra-abdominal infections
120(1)
6.10.3 Graft pancreatitis
120(1)
6.10.4 Anastomotic leak
121(1)
6.11 The Future
121(4)
References
122(3)
7 Liver Transplantation
125(26)
Madhava Pai
Ruben Canelo
7.1 Introduction
125(1)
7.2 Indications
126(3)
7.3 Contraindications
129(1)
7.4 Organ Allocation
130(1)
7.5 Donor Selection
131(2)
7.6 Donor Hepatectomy
133(1)
7.7 Recipient Operation
133(4)
7.7.1 Domino liver grafts (DLT)
137(1)
7.8 Living Donor Liver Transplantation
137(1)
7.8.1 Minimal graft volume and small-for-size syndrome
138(1)
7.9 Immunosuppression
138(1)
7.9.1 Induction therapy
138(1)
7.9.2 Maintenance therapy
138(1)
7.10 Complications After Liver Transplantation
139(2)
7.10.1 Liver-related causes of morbidity and mortality
139(1)
7.10.2 Liver-unrelated causes of morbidity and mortality
140(1)
7.11 Transplant Outcomes
141(2)
7.11.1 Overall outcomes
141(1)
7.11.2 Extended criteria and non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs)
142(1)
7.11.3 Living donor
142(1)
7.11.4 Domino liver grafts (DLT)
143(1)
7.11.5 Quality of life (QoL)
143(1)
7.12 Summary
143(8)
References
144(7)
8 Heart Transplantation
151(18)
Varun R. Kshettry
Vibhu R. Kshettry
8.1 History
151(1)
8.2 Indications
152(3)
8.3 Surgical Technique
155(2)
8.3.1 Donor
155(1)
8.3.2 Recipient
156(1)
8.4 Post-Operative Care
157(6)
8.4.1 Intensive care unit
157(1)
8.4.2 Immunosuppression
157(1)
8.4.3 Complications
158(5)
8.5 Results of Heart Transplantation
163(1)
8.6 Future Directions
164(5)
8.6.1 Mechanical heart replacement
164(1)
8.6.2 Bio-technologies
164(1)
References
165(4)
9 Corneal Transplantation
169(22)
Chad K. Rostron
9.1 Corneal Structure and Function
171(1)
9.2 Indications for Penetrating Keratoplasty
172(1)
9.2.1 Endothelial failure
172(1)
9.2.2 Keratoconus
172(1)
9.2.3 Infection and other indications
173(1)
9.3 Technique of Penetrating Keratoplasty
173(1)
9.4 Post-Operative Management
174(1)
9.5 Donor Tissue Selection and Preservation
175(3)
9.6 Post-Operative Course of the Graft
178(3)
9.6.1 Graft rejection
179(2)
9.7 Tissue-Matched Corneal Grafting
181(1)
9.8 Partial Thickness or Lamellar Keratoplasty
182(2)
9.9 Freeze-Dried or Lyophilised Corneal Tissue
184(1)
9.10 Epithelial Transplantation
184(3)
9.11 Endothelial Transplantation
187(4)
References
188(3)
10 Small Bowel Transplantation
191(12)
Christina D. Bali
Vassilios Papalois
Nadey S. Hakim
10.1 Indications
192(1)
10.2 Small Bowel Procurement and Preservation
193(2)
10.3 Recipient Operation
195(1)
10.4 Post-Operative Management
195(4)
10.4.1 Intensive care unit
195(1)
10.4.2 Immunosuppression
196(1)
10.4.3 Monitoring of rejection
196(2)
10.4.4 Infections
198(1)
10.4.5 Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD)
198(1)
10.5 Intestinal Function
199(1)
10.6 Results of Small Bowel Transplantation
199(4)
References
200(3)
11 Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
203(22)
Shaun R. McCann
11.1 Historical Perspective
203(1)
11.2 Biological Perspective
204(1)
11.3 Practicalities of Bone Marrow Transplantation
204(2)
11.3.1 Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Allo SCT)
204(2)
11.3.2 Non-myeloablative stem cell (reduced intensity conditioning) transplantation
206(1)
11.4 Haemopoietic Chimaerism
206(2)
11.5 Choice of Donor
208(1)
11.6 Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation
209(1)
11.7 Blood Versus Marrow Versus Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB)
210(2)
11.8 Clinical Results
212(3)
11.8.1 Leukaemia
212(1)
11.8.2 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)
212(1)
11.8.3 Severe aplastic anaemia (SAA)
213(1)
11.8.4 Thalassaemia and other non-malignant conditions
214(1)
11.8.5 Autologous grafting
215(1)
11.9 Clinical Problems
215(4)
11.9.1 Engraftment
215(1)
11.9.2 Support care and growth factors
216(1)
11.9.3 Infection
217(1)
11.9.4 Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD)
217(2)
11.9.5 Growth and fertility
219(1)
11.10 Future Directions
219(6)
References
220(5)
12 Recent Advances in Immunosuppressive Drugs in Organ Transplantation
225(12)
Anthony N. Warrens
12.1 Introduction
225(2)
12.2 Mechanisms of Action of Currently Used Immunosuppressive Agents
227(1)
12.3 The Deployment of New Immunosuppressive Agents in Clinical Practice
227(1)
12.4 Tacrolimus (Prograf)
228(1)
12.5 Anti-Metabolites
229(1)
12.6 Newer Monoclonal Antibodies
230(1)
12.7 Sirolimus (Rapamycin)
231(1)
12.8 Corticosteroids
232(1)
12.9 Conclusions
232(5)
References
233(4)
Index 237