| Contributors |
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xix | |
| Foreword |
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xxiii | |
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1 History of Organ and Cell Transplantation |
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1 | (20) |
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1.1 HLA and Transplantation Immunology |
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1 | (2) |
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1.1.1 Initial use of cell culture methodologies to detect major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products |
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2 | (1) |
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1.1.2 Genomic organization of the HLA complex |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2 Organ Donation and Sharing |
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3 | (2) |
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1.2.1 The early kidney programmes |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2.2 The exchange programmes |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2.5 The nonrenal organs |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3 The History of Kidney Transplantation |
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5 | (3) |
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1.3.1 1902-1912: Experimental efforts of Ullmann and Carrel |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3.2 1906-1913: Initial kidney transplants from animals to humans |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3.3 1936: First unsuccessful kidney transplant between humans |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3.4 1943-1944: Medawar's explanation of graft destruction due to `biological incompability', as described by Carrel |
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6 | (1) |
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1.3.5 1947-1953: Initial unsuccessful allotransplants after World War II |
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6 | (1) |
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1.3.6 1959: First successful kidney transplant between nonidentical twins |
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7 | (1) |
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1.3.7 1960: First successful kidney transplant between nontwin siblings |
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7 | (1) |
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1.3.8 1960-1961: First successful kidney transplant between nonsiblings |
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7 | (1) |
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1.3.9 1961-1962: First kidney transplants using azathioprine |
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7 | (1) |
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1.3.10 1962: First successful cadaveric kidney transplant using immunosuppression |
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8 | (1) |
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1.4 The History of Liver Transplantation |
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8 | (1) |
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1.5 Multi-Visceral Transplants |
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9 | (1) |
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1.6 The History of Pancreas Transplantation |
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9 | (1) |
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1.6.1 Clinical chronology |
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10 | (1) |
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1.6.2 Evolution of recipient selection and programme development |
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10 | (1) |
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1.7 The Development of Islet Transplantation |
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10 | (2) |
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1.7.1 The first successful islet isolation and transplantation |
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10 | (1) |
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1.7.2 Development of techniques for identification, tissue culture and cryopreservation of islet tissue, and assessment of islet viability and function |
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11 | (1) |
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1.7.3 Clinical islet transplantation |
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11 | (1) |
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1.8 The History of Intestinal Transplantation |
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12 | (1) |
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1.8.1 The world experience |
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12 | (1) |
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1.8.2 The Pittsburgh experience |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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1.9 The History of Heart Transplantation and Heart Valve Transplantation |
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13 | (1) |
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1.9.1 Clinical heart transplantation in humans |
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13 | (1) |
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1.9.2 Heart valve transplantation |
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13 | (1) |
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1.10 Lung Transplantation |
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14 | (1) |
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1.10.1 Living-related lobar lung transplantation |
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14 | (1) |
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1.11 Bone Marrow Transplantation |
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14 | (1) |
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1.11.1 Early attempts at BMT |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (6) |
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16 | (5) |
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2 Ethical Issues in Transplantation |
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21 | (38) |
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2.1 The Political Economy of Transplantation |
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24 | (6) |
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2.1.1 The demand for organs |
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25 | (2) |
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2.1.2 The supply of organs |
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27 | (3) |
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30 | (2) |
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2.3 The Ethical Discourse: Procurement of Organs |
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32 | (19) |
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2.3.1 Prosthetic implants |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (4) |
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37 | (14) |
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2.4 The Ethical Discourse: Distribution of Organs |
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51 | (8) |
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2.4.1 Prosthetic implants |
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51 | (2) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (2) |
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55 | (4) |
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3 HLA, The Human Major Histocompatibility Complex |
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59 | (12) |
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3.1 Variability and Polymorphism |
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61 | (6) |
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3.2 Importance of HLA Compatibility in Transplantation |
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67 | (4) |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (12) |
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4.1 Alternative Skin Cover |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (6) |
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4.2.1 Allograft skin as a biological dressing |
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73 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Allograft skin as temporary skin cover |
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73 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Allograft skin for definitive skin cover |
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74 | (2) |
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4.2.4 Sources of allograft skin |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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4.3 Transplant of Composite Tissues Involving Skin |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (4) |
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80 | (3) |
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83 | (28) |
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83 | (1) |
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5.2 Live Donor Renal Transplantation |
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84 | (1) |
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5.3 Live Donor Evaluation |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (3) |
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88 | (1) |
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5.6 Cadaveric Renal Transplantation |
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89 | (1) |
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5.7 Deceased Heart-Beating Donor (HBD) |
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90 | (1) |
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5.8 Non-Heart-Beating Donor (NHBD) |
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90 | (1) |
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5.9 Renal Transplantation |
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91 | (1) |
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5.9.1 Recipient evaluation |
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91 | (1) |
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5.10 Renal Transplant Procedure |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (6) |
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5.11.1 Short-term complications |
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93 | (5) |
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5.11.2 Long-term complications |
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98 | (1) |
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5.12 Antibody-Incompatible Transplantation |
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99 | (1) |
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5.12.1 ABO-incompatible transplantation |
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99 | (1) |
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5.13 HLA-Incompatible Transplantation |
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100 | (1) |
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5.14 Pair Exchange and Non-Directed Altruistic Donation |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (2) |
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5.15.1 Immunosuppressive drugs |
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101 | (2) |
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5.15.2 Depleting antibodies |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (8) |
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104 | (7) |
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6 Pancreas Transplantation |
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111 | (14) |
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6.1 Indications for Pancreas Transplantation |
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111 | (1) |
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6.2 Procurement and Preservation of the Pancreas |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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6.4 Preservation Solution |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (2) |
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6.8 Effects of Pancreas Transplantation on Secondary Complications of Diabetes and Quality of Life |
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118 | (1) |
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6.9 Quality of Life (QoL) |
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118 | (1) |
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6.10 Surgical Complications of Pancreas Transplantation |
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119 | (2) |
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120 | (1) |
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6.10.2 Intra-abdominal infections |
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120 | (1) |
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6.10.3 Graft pancreatitis |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (4) |
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122 | (3) |
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125 | (26) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (3) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (4) |
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7.7.1 Domino liver grafts (DLT) |
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137 | (1) |
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7.8 Living Donor Liver Transplantation |
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137 | (1) |
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7.8.1 Minimal graft volume and small-for-size syndrome |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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7.9.2 Maintenance therapy |
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138 | (1) |
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7.10 Complications After Liver Transplantation |
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139 | (2) |
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7.10.1 Liver-related causes of morbidity and mortality |
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139 | (1) |
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7.10.2 Liver-unrelated causes of morbidity and mortality |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (2) |
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141 | (1) |
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7.11.2 Extended criteria and non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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7.11.4 Domino liver grafts (DLT) |
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143 | (1) |
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7.11.5 Quality of life (QoL) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (8) |
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144 | (7) |
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151 | (18) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (3) |
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155 | (2) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (6) |
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8.4.1 Intensive care unit |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (5) |
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8.5 Results of Heart Transplantation |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (5) |
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8.6.1 Mechanical heart replacement |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (4) |
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9 Corneal Transplantation |
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169 | (22) |
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9.1 Corneal Structure and Function |
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171 | (1) |
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9.2 Indications for Penetrating Keratoplasty |
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172 | (1) |
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9.2.1 Endothelial failure |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Infection and other indications |
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173 | (1) |
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9.3 Technique of Penetrating Keratoplasty |
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173 | (1) |
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9.4 Post-Operative Management |
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174 | (1) |
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9.5 Donor Tissue Selection and Preservation |
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175 | (3) |
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9.6 Post-Operative Course of the Graft |
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178 | (3) |
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179 | (2) |
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9.7 Tissue-Matched Corneal Grafting |
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181 | (1) |
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9.8 Partial Thickness or Lamellar Keratoplasty |
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182 | (2) |
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9.9 Freeze-Dried or Lyophilised Corneal Tissue |
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184 | (1) |
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9.10 Epithelial Transplantation |
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184 | (3) |
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9.11 Endothelial Transplantation |
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187 | (4) |
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188 | (3) |
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10 Small Bowel Transplantation |
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191 | (12) |
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192 | (1) |
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10.2 Small Bowel Procurement and Preservation |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (1) |
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10.4 Post-Operative Management |
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195 | (4) |
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10.4.1 Intensive care unit |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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10.4.3 Monitoring of rejection |
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196 | (2) |
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198 | (1) |
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10.4.5 Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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10.6 Results of Small Bowel Transplantation |
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199 | (4) |
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200 | (3) |
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11 Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation |
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203 | (22) |
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11.1 Historical Perspective |
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203 | (1) |
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11.2 Biological Perspective |
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204 | (1) |
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11.3 Practicalities of Bone Marrow Transplantation |
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204 | (2) |
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11.3.1 Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Allo SCT) |
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204 | (2) |
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11.3.2 Non-myeloablative stem cell (reduced intensity conditioning) transplantation |
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206 | (1) |
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11.4 Haemopoietic Chimaerism |
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206 | (2) |
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208 | (1) |
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11.6 Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation |
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209 | (1) |
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11.7 Blood Versus Marrow Versus Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) |
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210 | (2) |
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212 | (3) |
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212 | (1) |
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11.8.2 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) |
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212 | (1) |
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11.8.3 Severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) |
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213 | (1) |
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11.8.4 Thalassaemia and other non-malignant conditions |
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214 | (1) |
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11.8.5 Autologous grafting |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (4) |
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215 | (1) |
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11.9.2 Support care and growth factors |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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11.9.4 Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) |
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217 | (2) |
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11.9.5 Growth and fertility |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (6) |
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220 | (5) |
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12 Recent Advances in Immunosuppressive Drugs in Organ Transplantation |
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225 | (12) |
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225 | (2) |
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12.2 Mechanisms of Action of Currently Used Immunosuppressive Agents |
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227 | (1) |
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12.3 The Deployment of New Immunosuppressive Agents in Clinical Practice |
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227 | (1) |
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12.4 Tacrolimus (Prograf) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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12.6 Newer Monoclonal Antibodies |
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230 | (1) |
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12.7 Sirolimus (Rapamycin) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (5) |
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233 | (4) |
| Index |
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237 | |