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E-raamat: Introduction to Particle Technology 2e 2nd Edition [Wiley Online]

Edited by (Monash University, Australia)
  • Formaat: 472 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Mar-2008
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 470727101
  • ISBN-13: 9780470727102
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Wiley Online
  • Hind: 261,15 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
Introduction to Particle Technology 2e 2nd EditionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 472 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Mar-2008
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 470727101
  • ISBN-13: 9780470727102
Teised raamatud teemal:
Wiley Online e-raamatudRohkem infot Wiley Online kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470727102
Particle technology is a term used to refer to the science and technology related to the handling and processing of particles and powders. The production of particulate materials, with controlled properties tailored to subsequent processing and applications, is of major interest to a wide range of industries, including chemical and process, food, pharmaceuticals, minerals and metals companies and the handling of particles in gas and liquid solutions is a key technological step in chemical engineering. This textbook provides an excellent introduction to particle technology with worked examples and exercises. Based on feedback from students and practitioners worldwide, it has been newly edited and contains new chapters on slurry transport, colloids and fine particles, size enlargement and the health effects of fine powders. Topics covered include:





Characterization (Size Analysis) Processing (Granulation, Fluidization) Particle Formation (Granulation, Size Reduction) Storage and Transport (Hopper Design, Pneumatic Conveying, Standpipes, Slurry Flow) Separation (Filtration, Settling, Cyclones) Safety (Fire and Explosion Hazards, Health Hazards) Engineering the Properties of Particulate Systems (Colloids, Respirable Drugs, Slurry Rheology)

This book is essential reading for undergraduate students of chemical engineering on particle technology courses. It is also valuable supplementary reading for students in other branches of engineering, applied chemistry, physics, pharmaceutics, mineral processing and metallurgy. Practitioners in industries in which powders are handled and processed may find it a useful starting point for gaining an understanding of the behavior of particles and powders.

Review of the First Edition taken from High Temperatures - High pressures 1999 31 243  251

"..This is a modern textbook that presents clear-cut knowledge. It can be successfully used both for teaching particle technology at universities and for individual study of engineering problems in powder processing."   
About the Contributors xiii
Preface to the Second Edition xv
Preface to the First Edition xvii
Introduction xxi
1 Particle Size Analysis
1
1.1 Introduction
1
1.2 Describing the Size of a Single Particle
1
1.3 Description of Populations of Particles
4
1.4 Conversion Between Distributions
5
1.5 Describing the Population by a Single Number
7
1.6 Equivalence of Means
10
1.7 Common Methods of Displaying Size Distributions
11
1.7.1 Arithmetic-normal Distribution
11
1.7.2 Log-normal Distribution
11
1.8 Methods of Particle Size Measurement
12
1.8.1 Sieving
12
1.8.2 Microscopy
13
1.8.3 Sedimentation
13
1.8.4 Permeametry
15
1.8.5 Electrozone Sensing
15
1.8.6 Laser Diffraction
16
1.9 Sampling
16
1.10 Worked Examples
17
Test Yourself
25
Exercises
25
2 Single Particles in a Fluid
29
2.1 Motion of Solid Particles in a Fluid
29
2.2 Particles Falling Under Gravity Through a Fluid
31
2.3 Non-Spherical Particles
33
2.4 Effect of Boundaries on Terminal Velocity
34
2.5 Further Reading
35
2.6 Worked Examples
35
Test Yourself
44
Exercises
46
3 Multiple Particle Systems
51
3.1 Settling of a Suspension of Particles
51
3.2 Batch Settling
53
3.2.1 Settling Flux as a Function of Suspension Concentration
53
3.2.2 Sharp Interfaces in Sedimentation
54
3.2.3 The Batch Settling Test
56
3.2.4 Relationship Between the Height –Time Curve and the Flux Plot
59
3.3 Continuous Settling
61
3.3.1 Settling of a Suspension in a Flowing Fluid
61
3.3.2 A Real Thickener (with Upflow and Downflow Sections)
63
3.3.3 Critically Loaded Thickener
64
3.3.4 Underloaded Thickener
65
3.3.5 Overloaded Thickener
65
3.3.6 Alternative Form of Total Flux Plot
66
3.4 Worked Examples
68
Test Yourself
79
Exercises
81
4 Slurry Transport
91
4.1 Introduction
91
4.2 Flow Condition
91
4.3 Rheological Models For Homogeneous Slurries
93
4.3.1 Non-Newtonian Power-law Models
94
4.3.2 Pressure Drop Prediction for Slurries Exhibiting Power-law Rheology
96
4.3.3 Non-Newtonian Yield Stress Models
99
4.3.4 Pressure Drop Prediction for Slurries Exhibiting Bingham Plastic Rheology
101
4.4 Heterogeneous Slurries
103
4.4.1 Critical Deposition Velocity
104
4.5 Components of a Slurry Flow System
104
4.5.1 Slurry Preparation
104
4.5.2 Pumps
105
4.5.3 Pipeline
108
4.5.4 Slurry De-watering
108
4.6 Further Reading
109
4.7 Worked Examples
109
Test Yourself
114
Exercises
114
5 Colloids and Fine Particles
117
5.1 Introduction
117
5.2 Brownian Motion
118
5.3 Surface Forces
120
5.3.1 van der Waals Forces
121
5.3.2 Electrical Double Layer Forces
124
5.3.3 Adsorbing Polymers, Bridging and Steric Forces
127
5.3.4 Other Forces
128
5.3.5 Net Interaction Force
129
5.4 Result of Surface Forces on Behaviour in Air and Water
130
5.5 Influences of Particle Size and Surface Forces on Solid/Liquid Separation by Sedimentation
132
5.5.1 Sedimentation Rate
132
5.5.2 Sediment Concentration and Consolidation
133
5.6 Suspension Rheology
134
5.7 Influence of Surface Forces on Suspension Flow
139
5.7.1 Repulsive Forces
139
5.7.2 Attractive Forces
140
5.8 Nanoparticles
144
5.9 Worked Examples
145
Test Yourself
149
Exercises
150
6 Fluid Flow Through a Packed Bed of Particles
153
6.1 Pressure Drop — Flow Relationship
153
6.1.1 Laminar Flow
153
6.1.2 Turbulent Flow
155
6.1.3 General Equation for Turbulent and Laminar Flow
155
6.1.4 Non-spherical Particles
156
6.2 Filtration
157
6.2.1 Introduction
157
6.2.2 Incompressible Cake
157
6.2.3 Including the Resistance of the Filter Medium
159
6.2.4 Washing the Cake
159
6.2.5 Compressible Cake
160
6.3 Further Reading
161
6.4 Worked Examples
161
Test Yourself
165
Exercises
165
7 Fluidization
169
7.1 Fundamentals
169
7.2 Relevant Powder and Particle Properties
172
7.3 Bubbling and Non-Bubbling Fluidization
173
7.4 Classification of Powders
174
7.5 Expansion of a Fluidized Bed
178
7.5.1 Non-bubbling Fluidization
178
7.5.2 Bubbling Fluidization
180
7.6 Entrainment
182
7.7 Heat Transfer in Fluidized Beds
186
7.7.1 Gas — Particle Heat Transfer
186
7.7.2 Bed —Surface Heat Transfer
188
7.8 Applications of Fluidized Beds
191
7.8.1 Physical Processes
191
7.8.2 Chemical Processes
191
7.9 A Simple Model for the Bubbling Fluidized Bed Reactor
194
7.10 Some Practical Considerations
198
7.10.1 Gas Distributor
198
7.10.2 Loss of Fluidizing Gas
198
7.10.3 Erosion
199
7.10.4 Loss of Fines
199
7.10.5 Cyclones
199
7.10.6 Solids Feeders
199
7.11 Worked Examples
199
Test Yourself
205
Exercises
206
8 Pneumatic Transport and Standpipes
211
8.1 Pneumatic Transport
211
8.1.1 Dilute Phase and Dense Phase Transport
212
8.1.2 The Choking Velocity in Vertical Transport
212
8.1.3 The Saltation Velocity in Horizontal Transport
214
8.1.4 Fundamentals
215
8.1.5 Design for Dilute Phase Transport
219
8.1.6 Dense Phase Transport
224
8.1.7 Matching the System to the Powder
230
8.2 Standpipes
231
8.2.1 Standpipes in Packed Bed Flow
231
8.2.2 Standpipes in Fluidized Bed Flow
232
8.2.3 Pressure Balance During Standpipe Operation
235
8.3 Further Reading
237
8.4 Worked Examples
237
Test Yourself
243
Exercises
244
9 Separation of Particles from a Gas: Gas Cyclones
247
9.1 Gas Cyclones — Description
248
9.2 Flow Characteristics
249
9.3 Efficiency of Separation
249
9.3.1 Total Efficiency and Grade Efficiency
249
9.3.2 Simple Theoretical Analysis for the Gas Cyclone Separator
250
9.3.3 Cyclone Grade Efficiency in Practice
252
9.4 Scale-up of Cyclones
253
9.5 Range of Operation
255
9.6 Some Practical Design and Operation Details
257
9.6.1 Effect of Dust Loading on Efficiency
257
9.6.2 Cyclone Types
257
9.6.3 Abrasion
257
9.6.4 Attrition of Solids
258
9.6.5 Blockages
258
9.6.6 Discharge Hoppers and Diplegs
258
9.6.7 Cyclones in Series
259
9.6.8 Cyclones in Parallel
259
9.7 Worked Examples
259
Test Yourself
262
Exercises
263
10 Storage and Flow of Powders—Hopper Design 265
10.1 Introduction
265
10.2 Mass Flow and Core Flow
265
10.3 The Design Philosophy
268
10.3.1 Flow—No Flow Criterion
268
10.3.2 The Hopper Flow Factor, ff
269
10.3.3 Unconfined Yield Stress, σy
269
10.3.4 Powder Flow Function
269
10.3.5 Critical Conditions for Flow
270
10.3.6 Critical Outlet Dimension
270
10.3.7 Summary
271
10.4 Shear Cell Test
272
10.5 Analysis of Shear Cell Test Results
274
10.5.1 Mohr's Circle—in Brief
274
10.5.2 Application of Mohr's Circle to Analysis of the Yield Locus
274
10.5.3 Determination of σy and σc
c275
10.5.4 Determination of δ from Shear Cell Tests
276
10.5.5 The Kinematic Angle of Friction between Powder and Hopper Wall Φw
276
10.5.6 Determination of the Hopper Flow Factor, ff
277
10.6 Summary of Design Procedure
278
10.7 Discharge Aids
281
10.8 Pressure on the Base of a Tall Cylindrical Bin
281
10.9 Mass Flow Rates
284
10.10 Conclusions
285
10.11 Worked Examples
285
Test Yourself
289
Exercises
289
11 Mixing and Segregation 293
11.1 Introduction
293
11.2 Types of Mixture
293
11.3 Segregation
294
11.3.1 Causes and Consequences of Segregation
294
11.3.2 Mechanisms of Segregation
295
11.4 Reduction of Segregation
298
11.5 Equipment for Particulate Mixing
299
11.5.1 Mechanisms of Mixing
299
11.5.2 Types of Mixer
300
11.6 Assessing the Mixture
301
11.6.1 Quality of a Mixture
301
11.6.2 Sampling
302
11.6.3 Statistics Relevant to Mixing
302
11.7 Worked Examples
305
Test Yourself
309
Exercises
309
12 Particle Size Reduction 311
12.1 Introduction
311
12.2 Particle Fracture Mechanisms
312
12.3 Model Predicting Energy Requirement and Product Size Distribution
314
12.3.1 Energy Requirement
314
12.3.2 Prediction of the Product Size Distribution
318
12.4 Types of Comminution Equipment
320
12.4.1 Factors Affecting Choice of Machine
320
12.4.2 Stressing Mechanisms
320
12.4.3 Particle Size
326
12.4.4 Material Properties
327
12.4.5 Carrier Medium
328
12.4.6 Mode of Operation
328
12.4.7 Combination with other Operations
328
12.4.8 Types of Milling Circuit
328
12.5 Worked Examples
329
Test Yourself
332
Exercises
333
13 Size Enlargement 337
13.1 Introduction
337
13.2 Interparticle Forces
338
13.2.1 van der Waals Forces
338
13.2.2 Forces due to Adsorbed Liquid Layers
338
13.2.3 Forces due to Liquid Bridges
338
13.2.4 Electrostatic Forces
340
13.2.5 Solid Bridges
340
13.2.6 Comparison and Interaction between Forces
340
13.3 Granulation
341
13.3.1 Introduction
341
13.3.2 Granulation Rate Processes
342
13.3.3 Simulation of the Granulation Process
349
13.3.4 Granulation Equipment
352
13.4 Worked Examples
355
Test Yourself
357
Exercises
357
14 Health Effects of Fine Powders 359
14.1 Introduction
359
14.2 The Human Respiratory System
359
14.2.1 Operation
359
14.2.2 Dimensions and Flows
361
14.3 Interaction of Fine Powders with the Respiratory System
362
14.3.1 Sedimentation
362
14.3.2 Inertial Impaction
363
14.3.3 Diffusion
364
14.3.4 Interception
364
14.3.5 Electrostatic Precipitation
364
14.3.6 Relative Importance of These Mechanisms Within the Respiratory Tract
364
14.4 Pulmonary Delivery of Drugs
367
14.5 Harmful Effects of Fine Powders
369
Test Yourself
371
Exercises
371
15 Fire and Explosion Hazards of Fine Powders 373
15.1 Introduction
373
15.2 Combustion Fundamentals
374
15.2.1 Flames
374
15.2.2 Explosions and Detonations
374
15.2.3 Ignition, Ignition Energy, Ignition Temperature - a Simple Analysis
374
15.2.4 Flammability Limits
377
15.3 Combustion in Dust Clouds
378
15.3.1 Fundamentals Specific to Dust Cloud Explosions
378
15.3.2 Characteristics of Dust Explosions
379
15.3.3 Apparatus for Determination of Dust Explosion Characteristics
380
15.3.4 Application of the Test Results
382
15.4 Control of the Hazard
383
15.4.1 Introduction
383
15.4.2 Ignition Sources
384
15.4.3 Venting
384
15.4.4 Suppression
385
15.4.5 Inerting
386
15.4.6 Minimize Dust Cloud Formation
386
15.4.7 Containment
386
15.5 Worked Examples
386
Test Yourself
392
Exercises
393
16 Case Studies 395
16.1 Case Study 1
395
16.2 Case Study 2
399
16.3 Case Study 3
403
16.4 Case Study 4
404
16.5 Case Study 5
405
16.6 Case Study 6
406
16.7 Case Study 7
414
16.8 Case Study 8
420
Notation 425
References 433
Index 441
Martin Rhodes holds a Bachelor's degree in chemical engineering and a PhD in particle technology from Bradford University in the UK, industrial experience in chemical and combustion engineering and many years experience as an academic at Bradford and Monash Universities. He has research interests in various aspects of gas fluidization and particle technology, areas in which he has many refereed publications in journals and international conference proceedings. Martin is on the editorial board of Advanced Powder technology. Martin has a keen interest in particle technology education and has published books and CDROM on Laboratory demonstrations and directed continuing education courses for industry in the UK and Australia. He was co-founder of the Australasian Particle Technology Society. Martin has a Personal chair in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Monash University, Australia, where he is presently Head of Department.
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