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E-raamat: Introduction to Wireless Localization - With iPhone SDK Examples: With iPhone SDK Examples [Wiley Online]

,
  • Formaat: 328 pages
  • Sari: IEEE Press
  • Ilmumisaeg: 18-May-2012
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-IEEE Press
  • ISBN-10: 1118298535
  • ISBN-13: 9781118298534
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Wiley Online
  • Hind: 124,76 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
Introduction to Wireless Localization - With iPhone SDK Examples: With iPhone SDK ExamplesSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 328 pages
  • Sari: IEEE Press
  • Ilmumisaeg: 18-May-2012
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-IEEE Press
  • ISBN-10: 1118298535
  • ISBN-13: 9781118298534
Teised raamatud teemal:
Wiley Online e-raamatudRohkem infot Wiley Online kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118298534
Chan (Hong Kong U. of Science and Technology) and Baciu (Hong Kong Polytechnic U.) present a textbook for a course in wireless localization that emphasized positioning technologies and mobile application developments. They explain basic formulae, algorithms, and mathematical calculations involved in location-aware applications. Students are assumed to be in their second years of a computer science program and to have a bare minimum of mathematical sophistication and C programming skills or some familiarity with object-oriented programming. Considering first Wi-Fi and then outdoor positioning systems, they discuss such topics as installing Wi-Fi infrastructure, implementing Wi-Fi positioning in iPhone, positioning across different mobile platforms, global positioning system signal and algorithms, other existing positioning systems, and artificial intelligence for location-aware applications. Annotation ©2012 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the entire landscape of both outdoor and indoor wireless positioning, and guides the reader step by step in the implementation of wireless positioning applications on the iPhone. Explanations of fundamental positioning techniques are given throughout the text, along with many programming examples, providing the reader with an independent, practical, and enjoyable learning of the material while gaining a real feel for the subject.

  • Provides an accessible introduction to positioning technologies such as Global Positioning System and Wi-Fi positioning
  • Presents hands-on skills to iOS 5.0 programming for location-aware applications
  • Gives a thorough grounding in signal propagation, line-of-sight and interference effects for accurate positioning
  • Covers the location-aware video streaming and conferencing with practical iPhone application examples
  • Accompanied by a website containing programming code described in the text and lecture presentation slides for instructors

This book is primarily intended for anyone who wants to study wireless localization. It is an ideal textbook for graduate students who are first learning localization techniques, as well as advanced undergraduates in computer science interested in translating localization concepts into real code. Professionals, engineers and researchers working in location-aware services and related techniques using mobile positioning and AI technologies will find this book to be a helpful reference.

Companion website for the book:

www.wiley.com/go/chan/wireless

Preface xiii
About the Authors xvii
1 Introduction to Wireless Localization
1(12)
1.1 Open Problems in Positioning Technologies
3(2)
1.1.1 Inaccurate Positioning Algorithms
3(1)
1.1.2 Unstable Wireless Signal Transmission
4(1)
1.1.3 Unstructured WLAN Infrastructure
4(1)
1.1.4 Lack of Signal Analytical Models
5(1)
1.2 Factors Leading to Effective Positioning Systems
5(8)
1.2.1 An Accurate Positioning Algorithm/Approach
6(1)
1.2.2 A Stable WLAN Signal Transmission
6(1)
1.2.3 A Structural WLAN Infrastructure
7(1)
1.2.4 A Graphical Fuzzy Signal Visualization Model
7(1)
1.2.5 A Location-aware Information Retrieval System
7(2)
References
9(4)
Part I Wi-Fi Positioning Systems
2 Installation of Wi-Fi Infrastructure
13(22)
2.1 What is the IEEE 802.11 Family?
14(1)
2.2 Properties of Wi-Fi Signal Strength
15(4)
2.2.1 Distribution of Wi-Fi Signal Strength
15(2)
2.2.2 Large Value of Path Loss
17(1)
2.2.3 Small Value of Path Loss
17(1)
2.2.4 Behavior Study on the Human's Presence
18(1)
2.3 Optimal Channel Allocation for Wi-Fi Positioning
19(5)
2.3.1 Overlapping Channel Interference
20(1)
2.3.2 Distribution of Channel Interference
21(2)
2.3.3 Channel Assignment Schemes
23(1)
2.4 Determining Number of APs to be Installed
24(3)
2.4.1 Square Tessellation Installation
24(1)
2.4.2 Z Factor
24(1)
2.4.3 Environmental Factors
24(1)
2.4.4 Number of Access Points Needed
25(2)
2.5 Other Tessellation Installations
27(8)
2.5.1 X and Y Factors
27(3)
2.5.2 Environmental Factors
30(1)
2.5.3 Determining Number of APs to be Installed
30(1)
2.5.4 Summary of AP Deployment Approach
31(2)
Reference
33(2)
3 Algorithms Used in Wi-Fi Positioning Systems
35(36)
3.1 Taxonomy of Indoor Positioning Techniques
36(1)
3.2 Propagation-based Algorithms
37(10)
3.2.1 Angle of Arrival (AOA)
38(2)
3.2.2 Time of Arrival (TOA)
40(2)
3.2.3 Phase of Arrival (POA)
42(1)
3.2.4 Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)
43(3)
3.2.5 Roundtrip Time of Flight (RTOF)
46(1)
3.3 Location-fingerprinting-based Algorithms
47(11)
3.3.1 K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithms
47(3)
3.3.2 Smallest M-vertex Polygon (SMP)
50(1)
3.3.3 Neural Network
50(3)
3.3.4 Support Vector Machine (SVM)
53(4)
3.3.5 Probabilistic Algorithms
57(1)
3.4 Evaluation of Positioning Techniques
58(8)
3.4.1 Mean Square Error (MSE)
58(1)
3.4.2 Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF)
59(1)
3.4.3 Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB)
59(4)
3.4.4 Circular Error of Probable (CEP)
63(2)
3.4.5 Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP)
65(1)
3.5 Comparison of Indoor Positioning System
66(5)
References
68(3)
4 Implementation of Wi-Fi Positioning in iPhone
71(26)
4.1 Site-surveying of Wi-Fi Signals Using iPhone
73(10)
4.2 Implementing Location Fingerprinting Algorithm in iPhone
83(3)
4.3 Orientation Filter
86(2)
4.4 Newton Trust-Region Method
88(9)
4.4.1 TR Subproblem
89(1)
4.4.2 TR Fidelity
89(1)
4.4.3 TR Radius
89(6)
References
95(2)
5 Positioning across Different Mobile Platform
97(10)
5.1 Signal Strength Value Ratio Approach
98(2)
5.1.1 Signal Strength Ratio
98(1)
5.1.2 Log-normalized Signal Strength Ratio
99(1)
5.1.3 K-NN Hyperbolic Location Fingerprinting
99(1)
5.1.4 Probabilistic Hyperbolic Location Fingerprinting
100(1)
5.2 Signal Strength Value Difference Approach
100(1)
5.2.1 Signal Strength Value Difference
100(1)
5.2.2 K-NN DIFF Location Fingerprinting
100(1)
5.2.3 Probabilistic DIFF Location Fingerprinting
100(1)
5.3 Fourier Descriptors Approach
101(6)
5.3.1 Fourier Location Fingerprint
101(2)
5.3.2 Example of Fourier Location Fingerprint
103(1)
5.3.3 K-NN Fourier Location Fingerprinting
103(1)
5.3.4 Probabilistic Fourier Location Fingerprinting
104(1)
References
105(2)
6 Wi-Fi Signal Visualization
107(16)
6.1 Why Do We Need a Wi-Fi Visualization Tool?
107(1)
6.2 Fuzzy Color Map
108(2)
6.2.1 Fuzzy Membership Function
108(1)
6.2.2 Fuzzy Spatio-temporal Cluster
109(1)
6.3 Topographic Map
110(3)
6.3.1 Topographic Node
110(1)
6.3.2 Nelder-Mead Method
110(2)
6.3.3 Topographic Model Generation
112(1)
6.4 Signal Visualization Experiments and Results
113(5)
6.4.1 Experimental Setup
113(2)
6.4.2 Visualization Results
115(3)
6.5 Refinement of Positioning Systems Based on Wi-Fi Visualization Result
118(5)
References
120(3)
Part II Outdoor Positioning Systems
7 Introduction of Global Positioning System
123(14)
7.1 History of GPS
124(1)
7.2 Functions of GPS
125(1)
7.3 Components of GPS
125(2)
7.3.1 Space Segment
125(1)
7.3.2 Control Segment
126(1)
7.3.3 User Segment
127(1)
7.3.4 Ground Segment
127(1)
7.4 Types of GPS Receivers
127(1)
7.5 Sources of Errors in GPS
128(3)
7.5.1 Ephemeris Errors
128(1)
7.5.2 Satellite Clock Errors
129(1)
7.5.3 Receiver Errors
129(1)
7.5.4 Atmospheric Errors
129(1)
7.5.5 Multipath Interference
130(1)
7.6 Precision of the GPS
131(2)
7.6.1 Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP)
131(2)
7.6.2 User Equivalent Range Error (UERE)
133(1)
7.7 Coordinate Systems on the Earth
133(4)
8 Study of GPS Signal and Algorithms
137(20)
8.1 GPS Signals
137(4)
8.1.1 Coarse Acquisition Code
138(1)
8.1.2 Precision Code
138(1)
8.1.3 Navigation Message
138(1)
8.1.4 Navigation Message Format
139(2)
8.2 Modernized GPS Signals
141(2)
8.2.1 L2 Civil Signal (L2C)
142(1)
8.2.2 L5 Signal
142(1)
8.2.3 M Code
143(1)
8.2.4 Li Civil Signal (LIC)
143(1)
8.3 GPS Absolute Point Determination
143(10)
8.3.1 Trilateration Algorithm
143(3)
8.3.2 What is Pseudorange?
146(1)
8.3.3 Determining the Location
147(1)
8.3.4 Determining the Location Using Linearization
148(5)
8.4 Calculating User Velocity
153(4)
9 Differential GPS and Assisted GPS
157(28)
9.1 Types of DGPS
158(1)
9.2 How DGPS Works
158(3)
9.2.1 Real-time DGPS
158(3)
9.2.2 Post-process DGPS
161(1)
9.3 DGPS Navigation Message Format
161(5)
9.3.1 RTCM SC-104 Version 2.3
162(2)
9.3.2 RTCM SC-104 Version 3.0
164(2)
9.4 Assisted GPS
166(1)
9.5 AGPS in iPhone
167(18)
9.5.1 Core Location Framework
168(3)
9.5.2 Core Location
171(2)
9.5.3 GPS Program in iPhone
173(3)
9.5.4 Core Location Heading
176(3)
9.5.5 Compass in iPhone
179(1)
9.5.6 MapKit framework
180(5)
10 Other Existing Positioning Systems
185(16)
10.1 Acoustic-based Positioning
186(2)
10.1.1 Active Acoustic Positioning
187(1)
10.1.2 Passive Acoustic Positioning
187(1)
10.1.3 What is Beamforming?
187(1)
10.1.4 Applications of Acoustic Positioning
188(1)
10.2 Vision-based Positioning
188(4)
10.2.1 Camera-based Positioning
188(2)
10.2.2 Landmark-based Positioning
190(2)
10.2.3 Applications of Vision-based Positioning
192(1)
10.3 What is RFID Technology and Its Components?
192(9)
10.3.1 RFID Reader
193(1)
10.3.2 RFID Tag
193(2)
10.3.3 RFID Positioning
195(1)
10.3.4 Applications of RFID Positioning
196(5)
Part III Applications in Wireless Localization
11 AI for Location-aware Applications
201(22)
11.1 What is Location-aware Application?
202(2)
11.2 What are AI Techniques?
204(5)
11.2.1 Fuzzy Logic
205(2)
11.2.2 Natural Language Processing
207(2)
11.3 Example of the Tourist Guide Application
209(14)
11.3.1 System Overview of the Tourist Guide Application
209(1)
11.3.2 Applying Fuzzy Logic in the Tourist Guide Application
210(1)
11.3.3 Building the Database Structure
211(1)
11.3.4 Setting Up the Server Side in PHP
212(1)
11.3.5 Setting Up the Client-side in iPhone
213(10)
12 Beyond Positioning: Video Streaming and Conferencing
223(22)
12.1 What is Video Streaming?
224(1)
12.1.1 Point-to-point Video Streaming
224(1)
12.1.2 Multicast Video Streaming
225(1)
12.1.3 Broadcast Video Streaming
225(1)
12.2 Networks and Formats in Video Streaming
225(2)
12.3 How Does Video Streaming Work?
227(2)
12.3.1 Traditional Video Streaming
228(1)
12.3.2 Adaptive Video Streaming
228(1)
12.4 Location-aware Video Streaming
229(2)
12.4.1 Building the Location-Based Bandwidth Lookup Database
230(1)
12.4.2 Location-based Bit-rate and Quality Monitoring
231(1)
12.5 What is Video Conferencing?
231(2)
12.6 Implementation of Video Streaming in iPhone
233(8)
12.7 Implementation of Video Conferencing in iPhone
241(4)
Appendix A Starting the iOS SDK
245(16)
A.1 Getting the iOS SDK
246(2)
A.2 What Can You Create Using iOS SDK?
248(2)
A.2.1 What Tools Are in the iOS SDK?
248(1)
A.2.2 Apple Developer Center
249(1)
A.3 Limitations of iPhone Environment
250(1)
A.4 Introduction to Xcode
251(3)
A.4.1 Xcode Project Template
253(1)
A.4.2 Xcode Project Summary
253(1)
A.5 Xcode Project Interface
254(7)
A.5.1 Toolbar
255(1)
A.5.2 Navigation Area
256(1)
A.5.3 Editor Area
257(1)
A.5.4 Debug Area
257(1)
A.5.5 Utility Area
258(3)
Appendix B Introduction to Objective-C Programming in iPhone
261(44)
B.1 Objective-C Program, Hello World
262(4)
B.1.1 Using Xcode to Code and Compile Programs
263(2)
B.1.2 What is #import?
265(1)
B.1.3 What is Main?
266(1)
B.1.4 Automatic Reference Counting (ARC)
266(1)
B.1.5 What is NSLog()?
266(1)
B.2 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
266(12)
B.2.1 Infix Notation
268(1)
B.2.2 The @Interface Section
269(1)
B.2.3 The @Implementation Section
270(1)
B.2.4 The Program Section
271(1)
B.2.5 @property, @synthesize and @dynamic
272(1)
B.2.6 @property in the @interface Section
273(1)
B.2.7 @synthesize in the @implementation Section
274(1)
B.2.8 @dynamic in the @implementation Section
275(1)
B.2.9 Dot Notation
275(1)
B.2.10 Category
275(3)
B.3 Hello World iPhone Application
278(4)
B.3.1 Using Interface Builder
279(2)
B.3.2 Creating User Interface by Click-dragging Processes
281(1)
B.4 Creating Your Web Browser in iPhone
282(5)
B.5 Creating a Simple Map Application
287(18)
B.5.1 Map Function from MapKit Frameworks
289(2)
B.5.2 Locate Yourself and Shift Center View in the Map
291(1)
B.5.3 Translate and Zoom by MKCoordinateRegion Class
291(1)
B.5.4 Switch from Satellite Map to Standard Street Map
292(2)
B.5.5 UISlider Item Handles Zoom Events
294(4)
B.5.6 Switches Web Browser and Simple Map Application
298(7)
Index 305
Eddie C. L. Chan, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Eddie C. L. Chan received the B.Sc. degree, the M.Sc. degree and the Ph.D. degree, all in computer science from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. He has won numerous awards during his postgraduate study, including the Best Student Paper Award in International Conference on Fuzzy Computation, Madeira, Portugal in 2009, Best Presentation Award of Research Project and Alan Turing scholarship from Poly U in 2007 and 2008, and the 2nd-Class Group Award from The 9th Philip Challenge Cup in China in 2005. His research interests include wireless communication, localization, fuzzy logic, 3D visualization of tracking system, agent technology and data mining. George Baciu, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong George Baciu holds a PhD and a MSc degree in Systems Engineering and a B.Math degree in Computer Science and Applied Mathematics from the University of Waterloo. He has been a member of the Computer Graphics Laboratory and the Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Laboratory at the University of Waterloo and subsequently Director of the Graphics And Music Experimentation Laboratory at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in Hong Kong. Currently, Dr. Baciu is Professor and Associate Head in the Department of Computing and the founding director of the Graphics And Multimedia Applications (GAMA) Laboratory at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. His research interests are primarily in mobile augmented reality systems, user interfaces, physically-based illumination, rendering, image processing, motion tracking and synthesis for both outdoor and indoor location aware systems.
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