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E-raamat: Joint Evolution of Black Holes and Galaxies [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

Edited by M. Colpi (University of Milano, Bicocca, Italy), Edited by V. Gorini (University of Insubria, Como, Italy), Edited by U. Moschella (University of Insubria, Como, Italy), Edited by F. Haardt

Formaat: 482 pages
Ilmumisaeg: 30-Jun-2020
Kirjastus: CRC Press
ISBN-13: 9780429140105

Teised raamatud teemal:

Galaxies & stars

Taylor & Francis e-raamat
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Formaat: 482 pages
Ilmumisaeg: 30-Jun-2020
Kirjastus: CRC Press
ISBN-13: 9780429140105

Teised raamatud teemal:

Galaxies & stars

Rohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta

Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429140105

Black holes are among the most mysterious objects that the human mind has been capable of imagining. As pure mathematical constructions, they are tools for exploiting the fundamental laws of physics. As astronomical sources, they are part of our cosmic landscape, warping space-time, coupled to the large-scale properties and life cycle of their host galaxy, and perhaps even linked to galaxy formation.

This volume, which grew from a recent doctoral school sponsored by the Italian Society of Relativity and Gravitation, brings together contributions from leading authorities to provide a review of recent developments in the study of the astrophysical black holes that inhabit nearby galaxies and distant quasars. These lectures reveal the deep symbiotic relationship between black holes and their cosmic environment and show that black holes are key sources for exploring not only our local universe, but also our cosmic dawn. Topics range from the observational evidence for supermassive black holes and the joint evolution of black holes and galaxies to the cold dark matter paradigm of hierarchical galaxy formation and from the cosmic history of the diffuse intergalactic medium to the ecology of black holes in star clusters.

Preface

Editors

xiii

Contributors

Introduction

xvii

1 Observational Evidence for Supermassive Black Holes

(62)

1.1 Introduction

(4)

1.2 Some Useful Formalism

(2)

1.3 General Considerations

(4)

1.4 Resolved Stellar Dynamics

(6)

1.4.1 Stellar Proper Motion Studies: The Galactic Center

(3)

1.4.2 Integrated Stellar Dynamics

(3)

1.5 Gas as a Tracer of the Gravitational Potential

(7)

1.5.1 Water Maser Disks

(3)

1.5.2 HST Observations of Gas and Dust Disks

(3)

1.6 Tackling the Unresolvable: Reverberation Mapping

(9)

1.6.1 Observational Support as to the Reliability of Reverberation Mapping Masses

(1)

1.6.2 Secondary Mass Estimators Based on Reverberation Mapping

(1)

1.7 Scaling Relations for SMBHs

(11)

1.7.1 The M.-L.B. Relation

(2)

1.7.2 The M.-o-Relation

(4)

1.7.3 Black Hole Masses and Light Concentration

(2)

1.7.4 Black Hole Masses and Dark Matter Halos

(3)

1.8 Black Hole Demographics

(6)

1.9 The Future

(5)

References

(8)

2 Joint Evolution of Black Holes and Galaxies: Observational Issues

(76)

2.1 Galaxy Activity: Generalities

(1)

2.2 Local Evidence on the Interplay Between the Stellar and Gravitational Origin of AGN Activity

(1)

2.2.1 The Star burst-AGN Connection

(1)

2.2.2 The Missing Type-II AGN Population and Ultralu-minous Infrared Galaxies

(1)

2.3 The Cosmic History of Galaxy Activity

(2)

2.4 Constraints on the Cosmic Energy Budget

(1)

2.4.1 Obscured AGNs and Origin of the X-Ray Background

(1)

2.4.2 The Cosmic IR Background: Contributions by AGNs and Starburst Galaxies

(1)

2.5 Current Observational Programs and Future Perspectives

(1)

2.6 Current Issues on Local Active Galaxies

(20)

2.6.1 A Census of Local Active Galaxies

(5)

2.6.2 The Missing Type-II AGN population

(1)

2.6.3 IR Spectroscopy of Obscured Sources

(4)

2.6.4 X-Ray Spectroscopy of ULIRGs

(3)

2.6.5 An Evolutionary Sequence for Galaxy Activity

(7)

2.6.6 Local Active Galaxies, Conclusions

(1)

2.7 Faint Active Galaxies at High Redshifts: Overview

(22)

2.7.1 High-Redshift Optical Quasars

(6)

2.7.2 High-Redshift Radio Galaxies

(3)

2.7.3 The X-Ray View

(1)

2.7.4 Long-Wavelength IR and Millimetric Surveys

(5)

2.7.5 Physics of the IR-Submillimeter Galaxy Population

104

(5)

2.7.6 High-Redshift Active Galaxies: Conclusions

109

(1)

2.8 Radiative and Baryonic Remnants of Past Activity

110

(23)

2.8.1 The Cosmological Background Radiation

110

(8)

2.8.2 Cosmological Evolutionary Patterns for AGNs

118

(8)

2.8.3 Coeval Evolution of Starbursts and AGNs

126

(2)

2.8.4 Theoretical Issues

128

(3)

2.8.5 Conclusions and Perspectives

131

(2)

References

133

(6)

3 Galaxy Formation in the Hierarchical Universe

139

(68)

3.1 Formation and Evolution of Structure

141

(9)

3.1.1 Talking About Lumpiness

141

(1)

3.1.2 The Primordial and Linear Power Spectra

142

(5)

3.1.3 Linear Growth of Perturbations

147

(1)

3.1.4 Non-Linear Evolution

148

(2)

3.2 The Formation of Dark Matter Halos

150

(11)

3.2.1 The Spherical Tophat Collapse Model

150

(3)

3.2.2 The Dark Matter Halo Mass Function: Press-Schechter

153

(3)

3.2.3 The Conditional Halo Mass Function: Extended Press-Schechter

156

(1)

3.2.4 Merger Trees

156

(2)

3.2.5 Agreement Between Semi-Analytic and N-Body Methods

158

(3)

3.3 Spatial Clustering and Bias

161

(4)

3.3.1 Bias

161

(1)

3.3.2 Analytic Models of Bias

162

(3)

3.4 Dark Matter Halos: Internal Properties and Correlations

165

(8)

3.4.1 Halo Profiles

165

(2)

3.4.2 Angular Momentum

167

(2)

3.4.3 Correlation Between Halo Properties and Formation History

169

(4)

3.5 Galaxy Formation Within the CDM Paradigm

173

(27)

3.5.1 Consumer's Guide to Galaxy Formation Models

173

(2)

3.5.2 Gastrophysics

175

(11)

3.5.3 Basic Predictions of CDM-Based Galaxy Formation Models

186

(14)

3.6 Concluding Thoughts

200

(2)

References

202

(5)

4 Feedback in Cosmic Structures

207

(32)

4.1 Introduction

207

(1)

4.2 Basics

208

(6)

4.2.1 Closely Scale-Invariant DM

210

(1)

4.2.2 Plasma in Hydrostatic Equilibrium

211

(3)

4.3 Issues Arising

214

(2)

4.3.1 Gravitational Heating

214

(1)

4.3.2 Scale-Invariant Baryons?

215

(1)

4.3.3 Cooling or Heating?

215

(1)

4.4 Preheating by SNe

216

(6)

4.4.1 How Preheating Affects the Density Run

217

(1)

4.4.2 How Preheating Changes the Boundary Condition

217

(2)

4.4.3 The Overall Outcome, Hierarchical Preheating

219

(3)

4.5 Feedback from AGNs

222

(5)

4.5.1 External Preheating by AGNs

222

(1)

4.5.2 Internal Impacts of Quasars

223

(4)

4.6 Enhanced Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effects

227

(4)

4.7 Discussion and Conclusions

231

(4)

References

235

(4)

5 The Formation of Primordial Luminous Objects

239

(52)

5.1 Introduction

239

(2)

5.2 Physical Cosmology

241

(12)

5.2.1 Fluctuations in the Early Universe

241

(7)

5.2.2 From Fluctuations to Cosmological Structures

248

(5)

5.3 Primordial Gas Properties

253

(11)

5.3.1 Cooling

253

(1)

5.3.2 Molecular Cooling

253

(6)

5.3.3 Chemistry

259

(5)

5.4 Numerical Cosmological Hydrodynamics

264

(7)

5.4.1 Adaptive Refinement Codes (ENZO)

265

(2)

5.4.2 Formation of the First Star

267

(3)

5.4.3 SPH Results

270

(1)

5.5 Protostar Formation and Accretion

271

(7)

5.5.1 Analytical Results

271

(2)

5.5.2 Mono-Dimensional Models

273

(5)

5.6 Discussion

278

(8)

5.6.1 UV Radiation Feedback

279

(3)

5.6.2 Supernovae Feedback and Metallicities

282

(4)

References

286

(5)

6 The Evolution of Baryons Along Cosmic History

291

(34)

6.1 Cosmogonic Preliminaries

292

(1)

6.2 The Dark Ages of the Universe

293

(5)

6.2.1 Basic Physics of Recombination

293

(1)

6.2.2 Post-Recombination Universe

294

(3)

6.2.3 Linear Growth of Perturbations

297

(1)

6.3 The Emergence of Cosmic Structures

298

(3)

6.4 The Epoch of Reionization

301

(8)

6.4.1 Reionization Equation

302

(2)

6.4.2 Reionization by Massive Stars

304

(2)

6.4.3 Reionization by Miniquasar

306

(3)

6.5 Preheating and Galaxy Formation

309

(3)

6.5.1 Preheating

309

(1)

6.5.2 Metal Enrichment

310

(2)

6.6 The Intergalactic Medium After Reionization

312

(7)

6.6.1 Photoionization Equilibrium

313

(2)

6.6.2 Gunn-Peterson Effect

315

(1)

6.6.3 A Clumpy IGM

316

(3)

6.7 Conclusions

319

(2)

References

321

(4)

7 Feedback Processes at Cosmic Dawn

325

(62)

7.1 Shock Waves

326

(4)

7.1.1 Hydrodynamics of Shock Waves

326

(1)

7.1.2 Hydromagnetic Shock Waves

327

(1)

7.1.3 Supernova Explosions

328

(2)

7.2 Photoionization

330

(2)

7.3 Thermal Instability

332

(3)

7.4 The Need for Feedback in Cosmology

335

(12)

7.4.1 The Overcooling Problem

335

(3)

7.4.2 Dwarf Galaxies: Feedback Lab

338

(5)

7.4.3 Blowout, Blowaway and Galactic Fountains

343

(2)

7.4.4 Further Model Improvements

345

(2)

7.5 The Gentle Feedback

347

(6)

7.5.1 Feedback as ISM Sterilization

347

(4)

7.5.2 A Porosity-Regulated Feedback

351

(1)

7.5.3 Advanced Multiphase/Feedback Schemes

352

(1)

7.6 Feedback in the Early Universe

353

(31)

7.6.1 Stellar Feedback

355

(6)

7.6.2 Chemical Feedback

361

(5)

7.6.3 Radiative Feedback and Reionization

366

(18)

References

384

(3)

8 The Ecology of Black Holes in Star Clusters

387

(61)

8.1 Introduction

387

(20)

8.1.1 Setting the Stage

388

(6)

8.1.2 Fundamental Timescales

394

(2)

8.1.3 The Effect of Two-Body Relaxation: Dynamical Friction

396

(2)

8.1.4 Simulating Star Clusters

398

(7)

8.1.5 Performing a Simulation

405

(2)

8.2 Theory of Star Cluster Evolution

407

(10)

8.2.1 Phase A: i < 10 Myr

407

(5)

8.2.2 Phase B: 10 Myr > t & 100 Myr

412

(1)

8.2.3 Phase C: t > 100 Myr

413

(2)

8.2.4 The Consistent Picture

415

(2)

8.3 Black Holes in Star Clusters

417

(19)

8.3.1 The Formation of Intermediate Mass Black Holes in Phase A Clusters

418

(5)

8.3.2 Calibration with N-Body Simulations

423

(4)

8.3.3 Simulating the Star Cluster MGG11

427

(5)

8.3.4 Black Hole Ejection in Phase B and C Cluster with trt > 100 Myr

432

(4)

8.4 Discussion and Further Speculations

436

(10)

8.4.1 Turning an Intermediate Mass Black Hole in an X-Ray Source

436

(1)

8.4.2 Speculation on the Formation of Supermassive Black Holes

437

(1)

8.4.3 Is the Globular Cluster M15 a Special Case?

438

(1)

8.4.4 The Gravitational Wave Signature of Dense Star Clusters

439

(7)

8.5 Concluding Remarks

446

(2)

References

448

(5)

Index

453

M. Colpi, V. Gorini, F. Haardt, U. Moschella

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