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E-raamat: Josephson Junctions: History, Devices, and Applications [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

Edited by (Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA), Edited by (Stony Brook University, New York, USA), Edited by (New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, USA), Edited by (University of Colorado, Boulder, USA)
  • Formaat: 410 pages, 15 Illustrations, color; 106 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Aug-2017
  • Kirjastus: Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd
  • ISBN-13: 9781315364520
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Josephson Junctions: History, Devices, and ApplicationsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 410 pages, 15 Illustrations, color; 106 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Aug-2017
  • Kirjastus: Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd
  • ISBN-13: 9781315364520
Teised raamatud teemal:
Taylor & Francis e-raamatudRohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315364520

This book summarizes the history and present status and applications of Josephson junctions. These devices are leading elements in superconducting electronics and provide state-of-the-art performance in detection of small magnetic fields and currents, in several digital computing methods, and in medical diagnostic devices and now provide voltage standards used worldwide. Astronomical infrared (IR) telescopes, including the South Pole Telescope, use these junctions in combinations called superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs).

Foreword xi
Preface xv
1 The Theoretical Discovery of the Josephson Effect
1(16)
B. D. Josephson
1.1 The Background
1(3)
1.2 The Phase of a Superconducting Current
4(2)
1.3 Boundaries and Junctions
6(1)
1.4 Detailed Origin of the Theory of Weakly Coupled Superconductors
7(3)
1.5 Testing for Predictions
10(7)
2 Introduction to Refractory Josephson Junctions
17(30)
E. L. Wolf
2.1 Review of Physical Aspects
17(5)
2.2 History of the Josephson Program
22(3)
2.3 Development of Tunnel and Josephson Junctions on Niobium
25(5)
2.4 Development of Tunnel and Josephson Junctions on Niobium Nitride
30(4)
2.5 Non-hysteretic Josephson Junctions and Generalized Josephson Devices
34(13)
2.5.1 Shapiro Steps, Highly Hysteretic Junctions, and Josephson Voltage Standards
36(2)
2.5.2 Josephson Junction Arrays
38(3)
2.5.3 Josephson Devices for RSFQ Computing
41(6)
3 Tunnel Junctions on Niobium Using Aluminum: Experiment
47(20)
J. F. Zasadzinski
3.1 Fabrication Methods
51(1)
3.2 Gap Region Spectra of the Ames Lab Nb/Al Tunnel Junctions
52(6)
3.3 High-Bias Spectra of the Ames Lab Nb/Al Tunnel Junctions
58(1)
3.4 Point Contact Tunneling Studies of Nb
59(8)
4 Tunnel Junctions on Niobium Using Aluminum: Theory
67(16)
Gerald B. Arnold
4.1 Proxity Effect in Thin N Layers on Thick S Layers
68(3)
4.2 Tunneling Density of States in NS Bilayers
71(5)
4.3 Effects of Elastic Scattering in the N Metal Layer
76(2)
4.4 Tunneling Density of States in NS Bilayers with Elastic Scattering in the N Layer
78(1)
4.5 The Josephson Current in STNS Tunnel Junctions with Thin N Metal Layers
79(4)
5 The Trace That Launched a Thousand Chips: Development of Nb/Al--Oxide--Nb Technology
83(64)
Michael Gurvitch
5.1 Bell Labs Empire
84(4)
5.2 Starting at Bell Labs: Thin-Film Deposition System
88(7)
5.3 Superconducting Supercomputer Project at IBM and Its Extensions
95(8)
5.4 Josephson Junctions in 1980
103(12)
5.5 Making Semi-soft Tunnel Junctions
115(3)
5.6 Metallic Superlattices and Tunneling into Nb/Al
118(6)
5.7 The Sad Story of Our Patent Application
124(1)
5.8 Nb/Al Refractory Junctions Are Emerging
125(2)
5.9 The Whole-Wafer Process: SNEP-SNAP
127(6)
5.10 Uniformity, Stability, and Cycling
133(1)
5.11 Combination of Tunneling and Surface Studies; Wetting and Al Disappearance; Junctions with Y, Mg, and Er
134(3)
5.12 Questions of Credit
137(2)
5.13 Who Did What, Where, and When
139(8)
6 Refractory Niobium Nitride NbN Josephson Junctions and Applications
147(38)
Jean-Claude Villegier
6.1 Early Niobium Nitride Devices
149(4)
6.1.1 Applied SIS Josephson Tunnel Junctions Until 1983
149(2)
6.1.2 Success and Limitations of Refractory Trilayer Processes
151(2)
6.2 Niobium Nitride Tunnel Josephson Junctions
153(6)
6.2.1 Introduction of NbN Film Textures
154(2)
6.2.2 Use of Templates in NbN Heterostructures
156(1)
6.2.3 NbNOx Barriers in NbN SIS Junctions
157(2)
6.3 NbN Junctions for IC Applications
159(7)
6.3.1 From NbNOx to MgO and AIN Barriers in NbN SIS Junctions
159(3)
6.3.2 NbN and NbTiN SNS and SS'S Junctions
162(4)
6.4 NbN Digital Circuits and Other Applications
166(19)
6.4.1 First Digital Circuits Based on NbN--Oxide--NbN Junctions
166(1)
6.4.2 HF Applications of NbN-MgO (or AIN)--NbN Junctions at 2 K and 10 K
167(1)
6.4.3 Internally Damped NbN Junctions Applied to RSFQ Technologies
168(3)
6.4.4 NbN Devices Offer Wider Applications Than Nb Ones
171(2)
6.4.5 Scaling of NbN Josephson Junction Size
173(12)
7 Applications in Superconducting SIS Mixers and Oscillators: Toward Integrated Receivers
185(60)
P. N. Dmitriev
L. V. Filippenko
V. P. Koshelets
7.1 Nb-Based Tunnel Junctions for Low-Noise SIS Receivers and Superconducting Oscillators
186(18)
7.1.1 Niobium Tunnel Junctions with an AIOx Barrier
187(6)
7.1.2 Niobium-Based Tunnel Junctions with AIN Barrier
193(7)
7.1.3 NbN Tunnel Junctions with MgO Barrier
200(4)
7.2 Superconducting Terahertz Oscillators
204(18)
7.2.1 Nb-Based Flux-Flow Oscillators
204(6)
7.2.2 Linewidth of the Flux-Flow Oscillator and Its Phase-Locking
210(3)
7.2.3 Sub-Terahertz Sound Excitation and Detection by Long Josephson Junctions
213(9)
7.3 Superconducting Integrated Receivers
222(10)
7.3.1 The SIR Channel Design and Performance
224(8)
7.4 Conclusions
232(13)
8 Application in Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices SQUIDs
245(86)
D. Drung
J. Beyer
8.1 SQUID Fundamentals
246(14)
8.1.1 Basic SQUID Function
246(5)
8.1.2 SQUID Noise
251(5)
8.1.3 Inductance and Effective Area
256(4)
8.2 Making the SQUID a Practical Device
260(15)
8.2.1 The Bare SQUID
260(1)
8.2.2 Low-Inductance Current Sensors
261(5)
8.2.3 High-Inductance Current Sensors
266(5)
8.2.4 Magnetic Field Sensors
271(4)
8.3 SQUID Readout
275(15)
8.3.1 Flux-Locked Loop Basics
276(6)
8.3.2 Flux Modulation Readout
282(3)
8.3.3 Direct Readout
285(5)
8.4 SQUID Applications
290(26)
8.4.1 Introductory Discussion
290(3)
8.4.2 Biomagnetism
293(7)
8.4.3 Metrology
300(7)
8.4.4 Readout of Superconducting Detectors
307(9)
8.5 Conclusions
316(15)
9 Application in Adiabatic Quantum Annealing
331(28)
Siyuan Han
9.1 Introduction
332(5)
9.2 Superconducting Flux Qubit
337(4)
9.3 Robust and Scalable Flux Qubit
341(1)
9.4 Coupler
342(2)
9.5 Control and Measurement Circuit
344(2)
9.6 Scalable Architecture
346(1)
9.7 Does It Work?
347(3)
9.8 Future Prospects
350(2)
9.9 Summary
352(7)
10 Application to Josephson Voltage Standards
359(26)
J. Kohlmann
10.1 Introduction
359(2)
10.2 Conventional DC Josephson Voltage Standards
361(6)
10.2.1 Design: Demands and Targets for Conventional Josephson Voltage Standards
363(3)
10.2.2 Fabrication Technology and Results for Conventional Josephson Voltage Standards: A Brief Survey
366(1)
10.3 AC Josephson Voltage Standards
367(10)
10.3.1 Design: Demands and Targets for Overdamped Josephson Junctions and Series Arrays
370(2)
10.3.2 Realization of Binary-Divided Josephson Voltage Standards
372(3)
10.3.3 Realization of Pulse-Driven Josephson Voltage Standards
375(2)
10.4 Conclusions
377(8)
Index 385
Wolf, Edward L.; Arnold, Gerald B.; Gurvitch, Michael A.; Zasadzinski, John F.
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