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E-raamat: Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Tissue Engineering [Wiley Online]

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  • Formaat: 432 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Apr-2017
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1119193273
  • ISBN-13: 9781119193272
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Wiley Online
  • Hind: 206,17 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Tissue EngineeringSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 432 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Apr-2017
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1119193273
  • ISBN-13: 9781119193272
Teised raamatud teemal:
Wiley Online e-raamatudRohkem infot Wiley Online kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119193272

The real time and non-invasive functional assessment of engineered tissues pre- and post-implantation is a key technical challenge in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The success of the emerging tissue engineering and regenerative medicine discipline will largely depend on the availability of such technology. Most current biochemical techniques are destructive and do not have the capabilities to accurately assess tissue functionality. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are leading non-invasive tools in assessing the overall success of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The proposed book is designed to provide in-depth analysis of advances made in the MR assessment of tissue engineering applications during the last decade. Since engineered tissues and tumor share the common characteristics of high cell density combined with fast and abrupt ECM growth, and because the MR tools used in tumor imaging can also be applied for tissue engineering applications, the book will also contain a few chapters on tumor imaging using magnetic resonance. Currently there are no such books on the topic and the proposed book aims to close this gap.

List of Plates xiii
About the Editors xix
List of Contributors xxi
Foreword xxv
Preface xxvii
Book Summary xxxi
Part I Enabling Magnetic Resonance Techniques for Tissue Engineering Applications 1(148)
1 Stem Cell Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Role of Imaging
3(18)
Bo Chen
Caleb Liebman
Parisa Rabbani
Michael Cho
1.1 Introduction
3(2)
1.2 3D Biomimetics
5(3)
1.3 Assessment of Stem Cell Differentiation and Tissue Development
8(1)
1.4 Description of Imaging Modalities for Tissue Engineering
8(7)
1.4.1 Optical Microscopy
9(1)
1.4.2 Fluorescence Microscopy
9(2)
1.4.3 Multiphoton Microscopy
11(3)
1.4.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
14(1)
Acknowledgments
15(1)
References
15(6)
2 Principles and Applications of Quantitative Parametric MRI in Tissue Engineering
21(28)
Mrignayani Kotecha
2.1 Introduction
21(4)
2.2 Basics of MRI
25(7)
2.2.1 Nuclear Spins
25(3)
2.2.2 Radio Frequency Pulse Excitation and Relaxation
28(3)
2.2.3 From MRS to MRI
31(1)
2.3 MRI Contrasts for Tissue Engineering Applications
32(6)
2.3.1 Chemical Shift
33(1)
2.3.2 Relaxation Times-T1 and T2
33(3)
2.3.3 Water Apparent Diffusion Coefficient
36(1)
2.3.4 Fractional Anisotropy
37(1)
2.4 X-Nuclei MRI for Tissue Engineering Applications
38(1)
2.5 Preparing Engineered Tissues for MRI Assessment
38(1)
2.5.1 In Vitro Assessment
38(1)
2.5.2 In Vivo Assessment
39(1)
2.6 Limitations of MRI Assessment in Tissue Engineering
39(1)
2.7 Future Directions
40(1)
2.7.1 Biomolecular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
40(1)
2.7.2 Cell-ECM-Biomaterial Interaction
40(1)
2.7.3 Quantitative MRI
40(1)
2.7.4 Standardization of MRI Methods for In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment
40(1)
2.7.5 Super-Resolution MRI Techniques
41(1)
2.7.6 Magnetic Resonance Elastography
41(1)
2.7.7 Benchtop MRI
41(1)
2.8 Conclusions
41(1)
References
42(7)
3 High Field Sodium MRS/MRI: Application to Cartilage Tissue Engineering
49(22)
Mrignayani Kotecha
3.1 Introduction
49(1)
3.2 Sodium as an MR Probe
50(3)
3.3 Pulse Sequences
53(2)
3.3.1 Pulse Sequences for Measuring TSC
53(1)
3.3.2 TQC Pulse Sequences for Measuring omegaQ and omega0tauc
54(1)
3.4 Assessment of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage
55(8)
3.4.1 Proteoglycan Assessment
57(3)
3.4.2 Assessment of Tissue Anisotropy and Molecular Dynamics
60(1)
3.4.3 Assessment of Osteochondral Tissue Engineering
61(2)
3.5 Sodium Biomarkers for Engineered Tissue Assessment
63(1)
3.5.1 Engineered Tissue Sodium Concentration (ETSC)
63(1)
3.5.2 Average Quadrupolar Coupling (omegaQ)
64(1)
3.5.3 Motional Averaging Parameter (omega0tauc)
64(1)
3.6 Future Directions
64(1)
3.7 Summary
64(1)
References
65(6)
4 SPIO-Labeled Cellular MRI in Tissue Engineering: A Case Study in Growing Valvular Tissues
71(20)
Elnaz Pour Issa
Shoran Ramaswamy
4.1 Setting the Stage: A Clinical Problem Requiring a Tissue Engineering Solution
71(1)
4.2 SPIO Labeling of Cells
72(4)
4.2.1 Ferumoxides
72(1)
4.2.2 Transfection Agents
73(2)
4.2.3 Labeling Protocols
75(1)
4.3 Applications
76(1)
4.3.1 Traditional Usage of SPIO-Labeled Cellular MRI
76(1)
4.3.2 SPIO-Labeled Cellular MRI in Tissue Engineering
76(1)
4.4 Case Study: SPIO-Labeled Cellular MRI for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering
77(6)
4.4.1 Experimental Design
77(1)
4.4.2 Potential Approaches-In Vitro
78(3)
4.4.3 Potential Approaches-In Vivo
81(2)
4.5 Conclusions and Future Outlook
83(1)
Acknowledgment
84(1)
References
84(7)
5 Magnetic Resonance Elastography Applications in Tissue Engineering
91(26)
Shadi F. Othman
Richard L. Magin
5.1 Introduction
91(2)
5.2 Introduction to MRE
93(15)
5.2.1 Theoretical Basis of MRE
94(2)
5.2.2 The Inverse Problem and Direct Algebraic Inversion
96(5)
5.2.3 Direct Algebraic Inversion Algorithm
101(7)
5.3 Current Applications of MRE in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
108(6)
5.3.1 In Vitro TE/.4MRE
108(2)
5.3.2 In Vivo TE µMRE
110(4)
5.4 Conclusion
114(1)
References
114(3)
6 Finite-Element Method in MR Elastography: Application in Tissue Engineering
117(12)
Yifei Liu
Thomas J. Royston
6.1 Introduction
117(1)
6.2 FEA in MRE Inversion Algorithm Verification
118(2)
6.3 FEM in Stiffness Estimation from MRE Data
120(1)
6.4 FEA in Experimental Validation in Tissue Engineering Application
121(3)
6.5 Conclusions and Discussion
124(1)
Acknowledgment
125(1)
References
125(4)
7 In Vivo EPR Oxygen Imaging: A Case for Tissue Engineering
129(20)
Boris Epel
Mrignayani Kotecha
Howard J. Halpern
7.1 Introduction
129(2)
7.2 History of EPROI
131(1)
7.3 Principles of EPR Imaging
132(2)
7.4 EPR Oxymetry
134(1)
7.5 EPROI Instrumentation and Methodology
135(3)
7.5.1 EPR Frequency
135(1)
7.5.2 Resonators
135(1)
7.5.3 Magnets
136(1)
7.5.4 EPR Imagers
137(1)
7.6 Spin Probes for Pulse EPR Oxymetry
138(1)
7.7 Image Registration
139(1)
7.8 Tissue Engineering Applications
140(2)
7.8.1 EPROI in Scaffold Design
140(2)
7.8.2 EPROI in Tissue Engineering
142(1)
7.9 Summary and Future Outlook
142(1)
Acknowledgment
142(1)
References
143(6)
Part II Tissue-Specific Applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Tissue Engineering 149(234)
8 Tissue-Engineered Grafts for Bone and Meniscus Regeneration and Their Assessment Using MRI
151(28)
Hanying Bai
Mo Chen
Yongxing Liu
Qimei Gong
Ling He
Juan Zhong
Guodong Yang
Jinxuan Zheng
Xuguang Nie
Yixiong Zhang
Jeremy J. Mao
8.1 Overview of Tissue Engineering with MRI
151(1)
8.2 Assessment of Bone Regeneration by Tissue Engineering with MRI
152(5)
8.3 MRI for 3D Modeling and 3D Print Manufacturing in Tissue Engineering
157(4)
8.4 Assessment of Menisci Repair and Regeneration by Tissue Engineering with MRI
161(7)
8.5 Conclusion
168(1)
Acknowledgments
168(1)
References
169(10)
9 MRI Assessment of Engineered Cartilage Tissue Growth
179(30)
Mrignayani Kotecha
Richard L. Magin
9.1 Introduction
179(2)
9.2 Cartilage
181(1)
9.3 Cartilage Tissue Engineering
182(2)
9.3.1 Cells
183(1)
9.3.1.1 Chondrocytes
183(1)
9.3.1.2 Stem Cells
183(1)
9.3.2 Biomaterials
183(1)
9.3.3 Growth Factors
184(1)
9.3.4 Growth Conditions
184(1)
9.4 Animal Models in Cartilage Tissue Engineering
184(2)
9.5 Tissue Growth Assessment
186(1)
9.6 MRI in the Assessment of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage
187(1)
9.7 Periodic Assessment of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage Using MRI
187(12)
9.7.1 Assessment of Tissue Growth In Vitro
187(1)
9.7.1.1 Accounting for Scaffold in Tissue Assessment
191(1)
9.7.2 Assessment of Tissue Growth In Vivo
191(2)
9.7.3 Assessment of Tissue Anisotropy and Dynamics
193(1)
9.7.3.1 Assessment of Macromolecule Composition
194(1)
9.7.3.2 Assessment of Tissue Anisotropy
198(1)
9.8 Summary and Future Directions
199(1)
References
200(9)
10 Emerging Techniques for Tendon and Ligament MRI
209(28)
Braden C. Fleming
Alison M. Biercevicz
Martha M. Murray
Weiguo Li
Vincent M. Wang
10.1 Tendon and Ligament Structure, Function, Injury, and Healing
209(2)
10.2 MRI Studies of Tendon and Ligament Healing
211(8)
10.3 MRI and Contrast Mechanisms
219(9)
10.3.1 Conventional MRI Techniques
219(3)
10.3.2 Advanced MR Techniques
222(6)
10.4 Significance and Conclusion
228(1)
Acknowledgments
228(1)
References
228(9)
11 MRI of Engineered Dental and Craniofacial Tissues
237(14)
Anne George
Sriram Ravindran
11.1 Introduction
237(1)
11.2 Scaffolds
238(1)
11.3 Extracellular Matrix
238(1)
11.4 Tissue Regeneration of Dental-Craniofacial Complex
239(4)
11.4.1 Advantages of Using ECM Scaffolds with Stem Cells
240(2)
11.4.2 Stem Cells
242(1)
11.5 MRI in Tissue Engineering and Regeneration
243(3)
11.5.1 MRI of Human DPSCs
243(1)
11.5.2 MRI of Tissue-Engineered Osteogenic Scaffolds
244(1)
11.5.3 MRI of Chondrogenic Scaffolds with Cells In Vitro
244(1)
11.5.4 MRI of Chondrogenic Scaffolds with Cells In Vivo
245(1)
11.5.5 MRI Can Differentiate Between Engineered Bone and Engineered Cartilage
246(1)
11.5.6 MRI to Assess Angiogenesis
246(1)
11.6 Challenges and Future Directions for MRI in Tissue Engineering
246(1)
Acknowledgments
247(1)
References
247(4)
12 Osteochondral Tissue Engineering: Noninvasive Assessment of Tissue Regeneration
251(22)
Tyler Stahl
Abeid Anslip
Ling Lei
Nilse Dos Santos
Emmanuel Nwachuku
Thomas DeBerardino
Syam Nukavarapu
12.1 Introduction
251(1)
12.2 Osteochondral Tissue Engineering
252(5)
12.2.1 Osteochondral Tissue
252(1)
12.2.2 Biomaterials/Scaffolds
252(3)
12.2.3 Cells
255(1)
12.2.4 Growth Factors
256(1)
12.3 Clinical Methods for Osteochondral Defect Repair and Assessment
257(5)
12.3.1 Diagnostic Modalities
257(3)
12.3.2 Treatment Methods
260(1)
12.3.2.1 Microfracture
260(1)
12.3.2.2 Autografts and Allografts
260(1)
12.3.2.3 Tissue Engineering Grafts
262(1)
12.4 MRI Assessment of Tissue Engineered Osteochondral Grafts
262(2)
12.4.1 In Vitro Assessment
263(1)
12.4.2 In Vivo Assessment
264(1)
12.5 MRI Assessment Correlation with Histology
264(1)
12.6 Conclusions and Challenges
265(1)
Acknowledgments
265(1)
References
265(8)
13 Advanced Liver Tissue Engineering Approaches and Their Measure of Success Using NMR/MRI
273(38)
Haakil Lee
Rex M. Jeffries
Andrey P. Tikunov
Jeffrey M. Macdonald
13.1 Introduction
273(5)
13.2 MRS and MRI Compatibilization-Building Compact RF MR Probes for BALs
278(2)
13.3 Multinuclear MRS of a Hybrid Hollow Fiber-Microcarrier BAL
280(6)
13.3.1 Viability by 31P MRS
282(2)
13.3.2 Quantifying Drug Metabolic Activity and Oxygen Distribution by 19F MRS
284(2)
13.4 1H MRI of a Hollow Fiber Multicoaxial BAL
286(7)
13.4.1 BAL Integrity and Quality Assurance
286(2)
13.4.2 Inoculation Efficiency and Prototype Redesign Iteration
288(1)
13.4.3 Flow Dynamics
289(2)
13.4.4 Diffusion-Weighted and Functional Annotation Screening Technology (FAST) Dynamic Contrast MRI
291(2)
13.5 Magnetic Contrast Agents Used in MRI of Liver Stem Cell Therapy
293(1)
13.6 31P and 13C MRS of a Fluidized-Bed BAL Containing Encapsulated Hepatocytes
294(4)
13.6.1 31P MRS Resolution, SNR, Viability, and pH
296(1)
13.6.2 13C MRS to Monitor Real-Time Metabolism
296(2)
13.7 Future Studies
298(3)
13.7.1 Dynamic Nuclear Polarization
298(2)
13.7.2 Constructing Artificial Organs
300(1)
13.8 Discussion
301(2)
Acknowledgment
303(1)
References
303(8)
14 MRI of Vascularized Tissue-Engineered Organs
311(22)
Hal-Ling Margaret Cheng
14.1 Introduction
311(1)
14.2 Importance of Vascularization in Tissue Engineering
312(2)
14.3 Vessel Formation and Maturation: Implications for Imaging
314(3)
14.4 Imaging Approaches to Assess Vascularization
317(1)
14.5 Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI for Imaging Vascular Physiology
318(3)
14.6 Complementary MRI Techniques to Study Vascularization
321(4)
14.7 Considerations for Preclinical Models and Translation to Clinical Implementation
325(1)
14.8 Future Directions
326(1)
14.9 Conclusions
327(1)
References
327(6)
15 MRI Tools for Assessment of Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering
333(34)
Laurence H. Jackson
Mark F. Lythgoe
Daniel J. Stuckey
15.1 The Heart and Heart Failure
333(1)
15.2 Cardiac Engineering and Cell Therapy
334(2)
15.3 Imaging Heart Failure
336(10)
15.3.1 Cine MRI
336(2)
15.3.2 Regional Heart Function
338(2)
15.3.3 Viability Imaging
340(2)
15.3.4 Relaxometry and Parametric Imaging
342(2)
15.3.5 Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
344(2)
15.4 Imaging Cardiac Regeneration
346(2)
15.5 Monitoring Cardiac Regeneration
348(7)
15.5.1 MRI to Track Stem Cells
348(5)
15.5.2 MRI to Track Engineered Tissues
353(2)
15.6 Translational Potential and Future Directions
355(2)
References
357(10)
16 Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Observed Using MRI
367(16)
Shan-Ho Chan
Shan-hui Hsu
16.1 Introduction
367(1)
16.2 Receiver Coils Commonly Applied in Nerve Tissue Engineering
368(1)
16.3 Various Tools for Real-lime Monitoring of the Nerve Regeneration
368(1)
16.4 Current Materials, Methods, and Concepts in Peripheral Nerve Repair
368(3)
16.5 MRI Parameters in Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering
371(2)
16.6 Advantages of Real-Time Monitoring of Nerve Regeneration Using MRI
373(1)
16.7 Choosing Animal Models for MRI Studies of Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering
374(1)
16.8 Imaging Ability Through Nerve Conduits of Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering
375(1)
16.9 Further Imaging Functions of MRI in Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering
376(1)
16.10 Tractography in Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering
376(2)
16.11 Novel Contrast Agents
378(1)
16.12 Conclusions
378(1)
References
379(4)
Index 383
MRIGNAYANI KOTECHA is currently a research professor of bioengineering at University of Illinois at Chicago and directs the Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging Laboratory (BMRSI). In this position, she is developing proton and sodium magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for monitoring the growth of musculoskeletal engineered tissues. Her broad research interests include the application of MRI-based techniques to cell and tissue-based regenerative medicine.

RICHARD L. MAGIN is currently a professor of bioengineering at University of Illinois at Chicago and directs the Diagnostic NMR Systems Laboratory, USA. Professor Magin is a fellow of the IEEE and AIMBE and a former editor of Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering. In 2012 he was designated a "Distinguished" Professor of Bioengineering at UIC. His research interests focus on the applications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in science and engineering.

JEREMY J. MAO is currently professor at Columbia University, USA, and also Edwin S. Robinson Endowed Chair. Dr. Mao's research team has been at Columbia for the past 7 years and made several important discoveries including a cover article in The Lancet. In addition, Dr. Mao's work has been published in Nature Medicine, The Lancet, Cell Stem Cell, JCI, and so on. Altogether Dr. Mao has published over 260 scientific papers and proceedings and written 2 books. Dr. Mao's research has led to over 70 patents and establishment of 2 biotechnology companies. Dr. Mao has received a number of prestigious awards including Yasuda Award and Spanadel Award.
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