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E-raamat: Managing Energy, Nutrients, and Pests in Organic Field Crops [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

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The use of organic management practices in field cropping continues to rise globally, and these methods have proven to be a viable way to produce food with reduced resource use and environmental damage. Managing Energy, Nutrients, and Pests in Organic Field Crops challenges the popular misconception that organic systems are weak at managing energy, nutrients, and pests and shows how innovative farm designs can enhance organic performance. It provides information for assessing the current state of knowledge on organic field cropping and for making the systems more viable.

Each chapter summarizes the latest data from a wide range of sources, creating a comprehensive and coherent picture of the issues and integrating agronomic, economic, and policy aspects. Many chapters also include recent research from the authors. Section I, Soil Health, examines the importance of phosphorus balance, soil fertility, and tillage reduction. Section II, Pest Management, focuses on integrated weed management and long-term approaches to insect management.

Section III, Integrating Approaches, addresses multiple field cropping challenges. Chapters cover the oldest organic rotational trials in Canada, the issue of using cereals bred for conventional systems and more targeted organic cereal breeding strategies, and case studies of a broad spectrum of farming experiences that explore the broader social and ecological landscape. The final section, Economics, Energy, and Policy, examines environmental issues not previously addressed in the text as well as consumer, economic, and rural community matters. It also presents a reprint of an article that describes policies and programs (and their costs) needed to advance adoption of organic farming in Ontario. The text wraps up with key conclusions and a discussion of overarching themes for the book, summarizing the strengths of the available tool box for organic producers and the challenges that remain.

Series Preface xi
Foreword xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Editors xvii
Contributors xix
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(6)
Rod MacRae
Andrew M. Hammermeister
Ralph C. Martin
Chapter 2 Establishing Priorities for Organic Research in Canada
7(28)
Andrew M. Hammermeister
Ron Pidskalny
Karen Nelson
Ralph C. Martin
SECTION I Soil Health
Chapter 3 Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and the Phosphorus Nutrition of Organic Crops
35(24)
Mulan Dai
Kim Schneider
Barbara Cade-Menun
Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato
Chantal Hamel
Chapter 4 Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertility Management in Organic Field Crop Production
59(48)
Alexander Woodley
Yuki Audette
Tandra Fraser
Melissa M. Arcand
Paul Voroney
J. Diane Knight
Derek H. Lynch
Chapter 5 Sustaining Soil Organic Carbon, Soil Quality, and Soil Health in Organic Field Crop Management Systems
107(26)
Derek H. Lynch
Chapter 6 Reduced Tillage in Organic Cropping Systems
133(16)
Martin H. Entz
Caroline Halde
Harun Cicek
Kristen Podolsky
Rachel L. Evans
Keith C. Bamford
Robert E. Blackshaw
SECTION II Pest Management
Chapter 7 Sometimes You Need a Big Hammer: Evaluating and Appraising Selected Nonherbicidal Weed Control Methods in an Integrated Weed Management System
149(26)
Steve J. Shirtliffe
Dilshan Benaragama
Chapter 8 Insect Pest Management in Organic Cropping Systems Based on Ecological Principles
175(40)
Gilles Boiteau
Tom Lowery
Josee Boisclair
SECTION III Integrating Approaches
Chapter 9 Glenlea Organic Rotation: A Long-Term Systems Analysis
215(24)
Martin H. Entz
Cathy Welsh
Shauna Mellish
Yuying Shen
Sarah Braman
Mario Tenuta
Marie-Soleil Turmel
Katherine Buckley
Keith C. Bamford
Neil Holliday
Chapter 10 Breeding Cereals for Organic Soil Properties, Plant Nutrition, and Weed Control
239(26)
Hakunawadi Alexander Pswarayi
Stephen Fox
Pierre Hucl
Dean Spaner
Chapter 11 Organic Voices: Agronomy, Economics, and Knowledge on 10 Canadian Organic Farms
265(22)
James B. Frey
Martin H. Entz
SECTION IV Economics, Energy, and Policy
Chapter 12 Economics of Energy Use in Organic Agriculture
287(20)
Emmanuel K. Yiridoe
Chapter 13 Will More Organic Food and Farming Solve Food System Problems? Part I: Environment
307(26)
Rod MacRae
Derek H. Lynch
Ralph C. Martin
Chapter 14 Will More Organic Food and Farming Solve Food System Problems? Part II: Consumer, Economic, and Community Issues
333(30)
Rod MacRae
Derek H. Lynch
Ralph C. Martin
Chapter 15 Ten Percent Organic within 15 Years: Policy and Program Initiatives to Advance Organic Food and Farming in Ontario, Canada
363(32)
Rod MacRae
Ralph C. Martin
Mark Juhasz
Julia Hanger
Chapter 16 General Discussion and Conclusions
395(12)
Ralph C. Martin
Rod MacRae
Index 407
Rod MacRae, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. His research focuses on creating a national food and agriculture policy for Canada and the set of coherent and comprehensive programs required to support such a policy. He has published extensively on this topic in the academic and popular press and has also conducted numerous policy analyses for the Canadian organic food sector.

Ralph C. Martin, Ph.D., grew up on a beef and hog farm in Wallenstein, Ontario, Canada. His love of teaching grew unexpectedly when he began teaching at the Nova Scotia Agricultural College, in 1990, and realized how students teach him too. In 2001, he founded the Organic Agriculture Centre of Canada to coordinate university research and education pertaining to organic systems across Canada. In 2011, he was appointed professor and Loblaw Chair in Sustainable Food Production at the University of Guelph.