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E-raamat: Mastering English: An Advanced Grammar for Non-native and Native Speakers [De Gruyter e-raamatud]

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The future of English linguistics as envisaged by the editors of Topics in English Linguistics lies in empirical studies which integrate work in English linguistics into general and theoretical linguistics on the one hand, and comparative linguistics on the other. The TiEL series features volumes that present interesting new data and analyses, and above all fresh approaches that contribute to the overall aim of the series, which is to further outstanding research in English linguistics.

Part I
Preliminaries
1(12)
Goals and framework
1(1)
Organization
1(1)
Data
2(1)
Varieties of English
3(1)
Standard English
4(1)
Grammatical variation
5(2)
Variation according to medium
7(4)
English for Special Purposes
11(2)
An introduction to syntax
13(16)
The word
13(2)
The sentence
15(3)
Grammatical structure
18(1)
Linearity and the principle of proximity
19(1)
Constituency
20(2)
Linguistic creativity and ambiguity
22(2)
Competence and performance
24(1)
Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations
25(3)
Recapitulation
28(1)
Elementary sentence analysis
29(42)
The basic form and function approach
29(9)
Form and function
29(1)
Sentence functions
29(2)
Four form types
31(1)
Word classes
32(4)
Simple complete analyses
36(1)
Discontinuity
37(1)
Sentence functions and sentence structures
38(21)
The predicator
38(3)
The subject
41(3)
Basic sentence structures
44(2)
More sentence structures
46(1)
The direct object
47(3)
The indirect object
50(2)
The subject complement
52(2)
The object complement
54(1)
Adverbials
55(4)
The internal structure of complex forms
59(12)
The group
59(4)
The preposition group
63(3)
The compound unit
66(2)
The clause
68(1)
Embedding
69(2)
Advanced sentence analysis
71(40)
Stacking
71(7)
Form stacks
71(2)
Function stacks: predicates and predications
73(4)
A final comment on stacking
77(1)
Missing constituents, ellipsis and pro-forms
78(7)
The zero convention
78(3)
Types of ellipsis
81(2)
Pro-forms
83(2)
Complex predicators
85(12)
Phrasal verbs
85(3)
Prepositional verbs
88(5)
Phrasal-prepositional verbs
93(2)
Other complex predicators
95(2)
The top of the tree
97(9)
Exit Sent
97(1)
Communicative functions
98(4)
The forms of communicative functions
102(2)
Non-declarative clauses
104(1)
Block language
105(1)
Vocatives, interjections and dislocation
106(4)
A final word on advanced sentence analysis
110(1)
Part II
Constituent order
111(54)
Introduction
111(1)
Functions of constituent order
112(4)
Grammatical relations
112(1)
Illocutionary value
112(1)
Information structure
113(3)
Inversion
116(14)
Preliminaries
116(1)
Full and partial subject-predicator inversion
116(2)
Partial inversion with illocutionary value
118(2)
Partial inversion caused by an initial constituent
120(3)
Full inversion and information structure
123(1)
Full inversion after a fronted adverbial
124(1)
Full inversion after a fronted participial predication stack
125(2)
Full inversion after a fronted subject complement
127(1)
Full inversion after a fronted object
127(3)
Inversion of other sentence constituents
130(1)
Constituent order in subordinate clauses
130(4)
Relative clauses
131(1)
Interrogative clauses
132(1)
Exclamatory clauses
132(1)
Other finite, non-finite and verbless clauses
133(1)
Position and order of adverbials
134(14)
Main positions in finite clauses
134(1)
Initial position
134(1)
Medial position
135(2)
Terminal position
137(1)
Overview of positions in finite clauses
138(1)
Positions in non-finite clauses
138(2)
Factors governing the distribution of adverbials
140(1)
Position, form and relative weight
140(1)
Position and (con)textual cohesion
141(1)
Position and scope
142(2)
Position and semantic clarity
144(1)
Position and style
145(1)
Relative position of adverbials
146(2)
Discontinuity
148(17)
Discontinuous clauses
149(6)
Discontinuous verb groups
155(1)
Discontinuous noun and pronoun groups
155(4)
Discontinuous preposition groups
159(1)
Discontinuous adjective and adverb groups
160(5)
Coordination and subordination
165(26)
Introduction
165(2)
Coordination
167(11)
Coordination and ellipsis
167(2)
What can be coordinated?
169(2)
Types of coordination
171(3)
Coordinating conjunctions
174(4)
Subordination
178(5)
Introduction
178(1)
Subordination at clause level
178(2)
Subordination at group level
180(3)
Markers of clausal subordination
183(8)
Subordinating conjunctions
183(2)
Interrogative and relative pronouns
185(2)
Complex subordinating conjunctions
187(1)
Correlative subordinators
188(1)
Other markers of subordination
189(2)
The simple sentence
191(62)
Introduction: simple and complex sentences
191(1)
Referential properties: situations
191(5)
Actionality: dynamic vs. stative situations
191(2)
Subtypes of dynamic situations
193(1)
Subtypes of states
194(2)
Participant roles
196(9)
Introduction: general roles
196(1)
Specific roles
197(2)
Additional points
199(1)
Formal links
200(5)
Voice
205(14)
Introduction
205(1)
Functions of the passive
206(2)
Extended use of the passive
208(2)
Voice restrictions
210(4)
Nonfinite passives, GET-passives and notional `passives'
214(3)
Passives vs. adjectival non-passives
217(2)
Polarity
219(19)
Introduction
219(1)
Standard negation
220(1)
Domain of negation
221(2)
Syntactic field of negation
223(1)
Negative sentences with global domain and limited field
224(3)
Local negation
227(1)
Nonassertive forms
228(2)
Semantic scope of negation
230(4)
Non-declarative sentences
234(1)
Emphasis and focus
235(3)
Subject-predicator concord
238(12)
Introduction
238(1)
The basic rule
238(2)
Singular or plural subject realization?
240(5)
Notional concord
245(4)
Attraction
249(1)
Other types of external concord
250(3)
The complex sentence
253(24)
Introduction
253(1)
Classification of subclauses
254(2)
Subject clauses
256(2)
Cleft sentences
258(5)
Object clauses
263(2)
Subject complement clauses
265(1)
Indirect object clauses and object complement clauses
266(1)
Adverbial clauses
266(3)
Conditional clauses
269(2)
Clausally realized disjuncts
271(4)
Polarity in complex sentences
275(2)
Part III
Verbals
277(64)
Introduction
277(1)
Verb forms
278(2)
The external relations of verbals
280(1)
The internal structure of verb groups
281(1)
Auxiliaries and their delimitation
282(3)
Tense and aspect
285(31)
Introduction
285(2)
Deictic forms: present and past
287(3)
Future forms
290(3)
Perfect forms
293(3)
Future perfect forms
296(2)
Progressive forms: introduction
298(4)
Present and past progressive forms
302(2)
Future progressive forms
304(1)
Perfect progressive forms
305(1)
Future perfect progressive forms
306(1)
Nonfinite progressive forms
306(1)
Recapitulation
307(4)
Tense-aspect in indirect speech
311(3)
Tense-aspect in literary narrative
314(2)
Modal uses of tense-aspect forms
316(3)
Mood
319(5)
Introduction
319(1)
The imperative
320(2)
The subjunctive
322(2)
Modality
324(17)
Introduction
324(3)
May/Might
327(2)
Can/Could
329(3)
Must
332(4)
Shall/Should
336(3)
Will/Would
339(2)
Nominals
341(58)
Preliminaries
341(9)
Nouns and noun groups
341(1)
The external relations of nominals
341(1)
The internal structure of noun groups
342(2)
The functional domain of nominals
344(6)
Categorization
350(10)
What's in a head?
350(2)
The semantics of nouns
352(1)
Gender
353(2)
Types of nouns and referents
355(1)
Countability
356(3)
Recapitulation
359(1)
Determination
360(30)
Types of determiner
360(2)
Co-occurring determiners: pre- and post-determiners
362(1)
Determiners and quantifiers
363(2)
Referential orientation
365(2)
The definite article
367(5)
The indefinite article
372(6)
Zero determination
378(4)
The genitive
382(8)
Quantification: the number category
390(9)
The regular singular/plural distinction
390(1)
Irregular plurals
391(3)
Number-invariable nouns
394(1)
Collective nouns
395(1)
What is pluralized?
396(1)
The uses of the singular and the plural
397(2)
Pronominals
399(48)
Preliminaries
399(5)
Definition of the pronoun group
399(1)
Classification of pronouns
400(1)
The external relations of pronominals
401(1)
The functional domain of pronominals
402(2)
Central pronouns
404(14)
Personal pronouns
404(8)
Possessive pronouns
412(3)
Reflexive pronouns
415(3)
Pronouns without a person distinction
418(29)
Demonstrative pronouns
418(6)
Interrogative pronouns
424(4)
Relative pronouns
428(8)
Indefinite pronouns
436(11)
Adjectivals and adverbals
447(50)
Preliminary discussion of adjectivals
447(15)
Adjectives and adjective groups
447(2)
Semantics
449(2)
Morphology
451(1)
The external relations of adjectivals
452(3)
Parataxis and hypotaxis
455(1)
Descriptive, classifying and specifying adjectives
456(2)
Positional restrictions
458(4)
Adjectival modification and positional ordering
462(11)
The functional domain of adjectivals
462(1)
Modificational zones
463(2)
Inherent Mod. I, Mod. II and Mod. III adjectives
465(1)
Structure in and across Mod. zones
466(3)
Zone-internal order
469(4)
Comparison of adjectives
473(10)
The basic system of comparison
473(2)
Spelling and pronunciation
475(1)
Irregular comparison
476(2)
The choice between morphological and syntactic comparison
478(2)
The use of compared forms
480(3)
The substantival use of adjectives
483(3)
What is meant by `substantival use'?
483(1)
Generic and specific reference
484(2)
Adverbals
486(11)
Preliminaries
486(2)
Morphology
488(3)
Very versus Much
491(1)
The external relations of adverbals
492(2)
Comparison
494(3)
References 497(6)
Subject index 503(22)
Word index 525