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E-raamat: Metal-Fluorocarbon Based Energetic Materials [Wiley Online]

(NATO Munitions Safety Information Analysis Center, Brussels, Belgium)
  • Formaat: 360 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Jan-2012
  • Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • ISBN-10: 3527644180
  • ISBN-13: 9783527644186
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Wiley Online
  • Hind: 216,75 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
Metal-Fluorocarbon Based Energetic MaterialsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 360 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Jan-2012
  • Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • ISBN-10: 3527644180
  • ISBN-13: 9783527644186
Teised raamatud teemal:
Wiley Online e-raamatudRohkem infot Wiley Online kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9783527644186
Metal-Fluorocarbon Based Energetic Materials This exciting new book details all aspects of a major class of pyrolants and elucidates the progress that has been made in the field, covering both the chemistry and applications of these compounds.

Written by a pre-eminent authority on the subject from the NATO Munitions Safety Information Analysis Center (MSIAC), it begins with a historical overview of the development of these materials, followed by a thorough discussion of their ignition, combustion and radiative properties. The next section explores the multiple facets of their military and civilian applications, as well as industrial synthetic techniques. The critical importance of the associated hazards, namely sensitivity, stability and aging, are discussed in detail, and the book is rounded off by an examination of the future of this vital and expanding field.

The result is a complete guide to the chemistry, manufacture, applications and required safety precautions of pyrolants for both the military and chemical industries.

From the preface: ... This book fills a void in the collection of pyrotechnic literature... it will make an excellent reference book that all researchers of pyrolants and energetics must have... Dr. Bernard E. Douda, Dr. Sara Pliskin, NAVSEA Crane, IN, USA
Foreword xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgment xvii
1 Introduction to Pyrolants
1(5)
References
3(3)
2 History
6(14)
2.1 Organometallic Beginning
6(2)
2.2 Explosive & Obscurant Properties
8(2)
2.3 Rise of Fluorocarbons
10(3)
2.4 Rockets Fired Against Aircraft
13(2)
2.5 Metal/Fluorocarbon Pyrolants
15(5)
References
17(2)
Further Reading
19(1)
3 Properties of Fluorocarbons
20(16)
3.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
20(2)
3.2 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)
22(2)
3.3 Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)
24(1)
3.4 Polycarbon Monofluoride (PMF)
25(2)
3.5 Vinylidene Fluoride-Hexafluoropropene Copolymer
27(1)
3.5.1 LFC-1
28(1)
3.6 Vinylidene Fluoride-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer
28(2)
3.7 Copolymer of TFE and VDF
30(1)
3.8 Terpolymers of TFE, HFP and VDF
31(2)
3.9 Summary of chemical and physical properties of common fluoropolymers
33(3)
References
33(3)
4 Thermochemical and Physical Properties of Metals and their Fluorides
36(6)
References
41(1)
5 Reactivity and Thermochemistry of Selected Metal/Fluorocarbon Systems
42(26)
5.1 Lithium
42(3)
5.2 Magnesium
45(2)
5.3 Titanium
47(5)
5.4 Zirconium
52(1)
5.5 Hafnium
53(1)
5.6 Niob
53(1)
5.7 Tantalum
54(1)
5.8 Zinc
55(1)
5.9 Cadmium
56(1)
5.10 Boron
57(2)
5.11 Aluminium
59(4)
5.12 Silicon
63(1)
5.13 Calcium Silicide
64(1)
5.14 Tin
65(3)
References
66(2)
6 Ignition and Combustion Mechanism of MTV
68(12)
6.1 Ignition and Pre-Ignition of Metal/Fluorocarbon Pyrolants
68(1)
6.2 Magnesium-Grignard Hypothesis
68(12)
References
77(3)
7 Ignition of MTV
80(7)
References
85(2)
8 Combustion
87(32)
8.1 Magnesium/Teflon/Viton
87(8)
8.1.1 Pressure Effects on the Burn Rate
87(1)
8.1.2 Particle Size Distribution and Surface Area Effects on the Burn Rate
88(7)
8.2 Porosity
95(1)
8.3 Burn Rate Description
96(1)
8.4 Combustion of Metal-Fluorocarbon Pyrolants with Fuels Other than Magnesium
97(17)
8.4.1 Magnesium Hydride
97(1)
8.4.2 Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal
98(1)
8.4.2.1 Lithium
98(1)
8.4.2.2 Magnesium-Aluminium Alloy
99(1)
8.4.3 Titan
99(3)
8.4.4 Zirconium
102(1)
8.4.5 Zinc
103(1)
8.4.6 Boron
104(1)
8.4.7 Magnesium Boride, MgB2
105(1)
8.4.8 Aluminium
105(3)
8.4.9 Silicon
108(2)
8.4.10 Silicides
110(1)
8.4.10.1 Dimagnesium Silicide, Mg2Si
110(3)
8.4.10.2 Calcium Disilicide
113(1)
8.4.10.3 Zirconium Disilicide
113(1)
8.4.11 Tungsten-Zirconium Alloy
113(1)
8.5 Underwater Combustion
114(5)
References
115(4)
9 Spectroscopy
119(32)
9.1 Introduction
119(1)
9.2 UV-VIS Spectra
120(15)
9.2.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene Combustion
121(1)
9.2.2 Magnesium/Fluorocarbon Pyrolants
122(6)
9.2.3 MgH2, MgB2, Mg3N2, Mg2Si/Mg3Al2/Fluorocarbon Based pyrolants
128(5)
9.2.4 Silicon/PTFE Based Pyrolants
133(1)
9.2.5 Boron/PTFE/Viton Based Pyrolants
134(1)
9.3 MWIR Spectra
135(6)
9.3.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene Combustion
136(1)
9.3.2 Magnesium/Fluorocarbon Combustion
136(3)
9.3.3 MgH2, MgB2, Mg3N2, Mg2Si/Fluorocarbon Based Pyrolants
139(1)
9.3.4 Si/Fluorocarbon Based Pyrolants
140(1)
9.3.5 Boron/PTFE/Viton Based Pyrolants
141(1)
9.4 Temperature Determination
141(10)
9.4.1 Condensed-Phase Temperature
142(2)
9.4.2 Gas-Phase Temperature
144(4)
References
148(3)
10 Infrared Emitters
151(46)
10.1 Decoy Flares
151(2)
10.2 Nonexpendable Flares
153(5)
10.2.1 Target Augmentation
153(3)
10.2.2 Missile Tracking Flares
156(2)
10.3 Metal-Fluorocarbon Flare Combustion Flames as Sources of Radiation
158(7)
10.3.1 Flame Structure and Morphology
160(2)
10.3.2 Radiation of MTV
162(3)
10.4 Infrared Compositions
165(19)
10.4.1 Inherent Effects
166(1)
10.4.1.1 Influence of Stoichiometry
166(14)
10.4.2 Spectral Flare Compositions
180(1)
10.4.3 Particle Size Issues
181(1)
10.4.4 Geometrical Aspects
181(3)
10.5 Operational Effects
184(7)
10.5.1 Altitude Effects
184(2)
10.5.2 Windspeed Effects
186(5)
10.6 Outlook
191(6)
References
193(4)
11 Obscurants
197(13)
11.1 Introduction
197(2)
11.2 Metal-Fluorocarbon Reactions in Aerosol Generation
199(11)
11.2.1 Metal-Fluorocarbon Reactions as an Exclusive Aerosol Source
200(1)
11.2.2 Metal-Fluorocarbon Reactions to Trigger Aerosol Release
201(1)
11.2.2.1 Metal-Fluorocarbon Reactions to Trigger Soot Formation
201(3)
11.2.2.2 Metal-Fluorocarbon Reactions to Trigger Phosphorus Vaporisation
204(4)
References
208(2)
12 Igniters
210(6)
References
214(2)
13 Incendiaries, Agent Defeat, Reactive Fragments and Detonation Phenomena
216(19)
13.1 Incendiaries
216(1)
13.2 Curable Fluorocarbon Resin-Based Compositions
217(1)
13.3 Document Destruction
218(3)
13.4 Agent Defeat
221(2)
13.5 Reactive Fragments
223(6)
13.6 Shockwave Loading of Metal-Fluorocarbons and Detonation-Like Phenomena
229(6)
References
232(2)
Further Reading
234(1)
14 Miscellaneous Applications
235(12)
14.1 Submerged Applications
235(3)
14.1.1 Underwater Explosives
235(1)
14.1.2 Underwater Flares
235(1)
14.1.3 Underwater Cutting Torch
236(2)
14.2 Mine-Disposal Torch
238(2)
14.3 Stored Chemical Energy
240(1)
14.3.1 Heating Device
240(1)
14.3.2 Stored Chemical Energy Propulsion
240(1)
14.4 Tracers
240(1)
14.5 Propellants
241(6)
References
244(3)
15 Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis
247(11)
15.1 Introduction
247(2)
15.2 Magnesium
249(3)
15.3 Silicon and Silicides
252(6)
References
256(2)
16 Vapour-Deposited Materials
258(6)
References
262(2)
17 Ageing
264(7)
References
270(1)
18 Manufacture
271(28)
18.1 Introduction
271(1)
18.2 Treatment of Metal Powder
271(2)
18.3 Mixing
273(13)
18.3.1 Shock Gel Process
273(1)
18.3.1.1 Procedure A
273(2)
18.3.1.2 Procedure B
275(1)
18.3.2 Conventional Mixing
276(1)
18.3.3 Experimental Super Shock Gel Process
276(4)
18.3.4 Experimental Dry Mixing Technique
280(2)
18.3.5 Experimental Cryo-N2 Process
282(1)
18.3.6 Extrusion
282(1)
18.3.6.1 Twin Screw Extrusion
282(4)
18.4 Pressing
286(3)
18.5 Cutting
289(1)
18.6 Priming
289(1)
18.7 Miscellaneous
289(1)
18.8 Accidents and Process Safety
290(9)
18.8.1 Mixing
290(3)
18.8.2 Pressing
293(1)
18.8.3 Process Analysis
294(1)
18.8.4 Personal Protection Equipment (PPE)
294(2)
References
296(3)
19 Sensitivity
299(27)
19.1 Introduction
299(1)
19.2 Impact Sensitivity
300(1)
19.2.1 MTV
300(1)
19.2.2 Titanium/PTFE/Viton and Zirconium/PTFE/Viton
300(1)
19.2.3 Metal-Fluorocarbon Solvents
301(1)
19.2.4 Viton as Binder in Mg/NaNO3
301(1)
19.3 Friction and Shear Sensitivity
301(3)
19.3.1 Metal/Fluorocarbon
303(1)
19.4 Thermal Sensitivity
304(1)
19.4.1 MTV
304(1)
19.5 ESD Sensitivity
305(5)
19.6 Insensitive Munitions Testing
310(11)
19.6.1 Introduction
310(4)
19.6.2 Cookoff
314(2)
19.6.3 Bullet Impact
316(3)
19.6.4 Sympathetic Reaction
319(1)
19.6.5 IM Signature Summary
320(1)
19.7 Hazards Posed by Loose In-Process MTV Crumb and TNT Equivalent
321(5)
References
323(3)
20 Toxic Combustion Products
326(8)
20.1 MTV Flare Composition
326(4)
20.2 Obscurant Formulations
330(1)
20.3 Fluorine Compounds
331(3)
20.3.1 Hydrogen Fluoride
331(1)
20.3.2 Aluminium Fluoride
331(1)
20.3.3 Magnesium Fluoride
332(1)
References
332(2)
21 Outlook
334(3)
References
335(2)
Index 337
Dr. Ernst-Christian Koch is Technical Specialist Officer at the NATO Munitions Safety Information Center (MSIAC), Brussels, Belgium. He studied chemistry at the Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Germany and was awarded his doctoral degree by the same university in 1995. Before joining NATO in 2008, Dr. Koch spent 12 years working as a scientist for the German defense industry, developing energetic mate-rials and countermeasures. He is author of more than 20 peer reviewed papers and two book chapters. He holds more than 100 patents on energetic materials and countermeasures. Dr. Koch is a Lecturer on Energetic Materials at Technical University of Kaiserslautern/Germany and Pardubice Univer-sity/Czech Republic and he currently serves as Vice President of the International Pyrotechnics Society and as an Editorial Board Member of Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics.
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