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E-raamat: Microcontroller Programming: An Introduction [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

Syed R. Rizvi (Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA)

Formaat: 548 pages, 86 Tables, black and white; 229 Illustrations, black and white
Ilmumisaeg: 03-Nov-2011
Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
ISBN-13: 9780429113048

Teised raamatud teemal:

Systems analysis & design

Taylor & Francis e-raamat
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Formaat: 548 pages, 86 Tables, black and white; 229 Illustrations, black and white
Ilmumisaeg: 03-Nov-2011
Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
ISBN-13: 9780429113048

Teised raamatud teemal:

Systems analysis & design

Rohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta

Microcontroller Programming: An Introduction is a comprehensive one-stop resource that covers the concepts, principles, solution development, and associated techniques involved in microcontroller-based systems. Focusing on the elements and features of the popular and powerful Motorola 68HC11 microcontroller IC as a representative example, this book is unlike others, which are often too broad in scope, delving into every topic of concern regarding microcontroller programmers. Instead, this text concentrates on design, architecture, and development, giving developers the tools to develop solid, effective embedded applications.

Packaged with helpful examples, projects, and illustrations, this book gives an in-depth assessment of microcontroller design programming in both assembly and C. By illustrating the relatively sophisticated 8-bit 68HC11 microcontroller, the authorwho is a consultant for NASAprovides a firsthand exploration and demonstration of the languages, tools, and techniques needed to build embedded applications. Readers can then apply their newly acquired skills to program other 8/16/32-bit microcontrollers.

For readers who want to do more than just scrape the surface, this book is an enjoyable and immensely beneficial tool to help them cultivate a deeper understanding of microcontroller-based application development. An extensive supplements package is available free of charge to instructors who use the book for a course.

Preface

Acknowledgments

xxiii

The Author

xxv

1 Number Systems, Operations, and Codes

(34)

1.1 Introduction

(1)

1.2 Digital versus Analog Quantities

(1)

1.3 Digital Numbering System (Base 10)

(1)

1.4 Binary Numbering System (Base 2)

(2)

1.5 Octal Numbering System (Base 8)

(1)

1.6 Hexadecimal Numbering System (Base 16)

(2)

1.7 Binary-Coded-Decimal System

(1)

1.8 Binary Conversions

(1)

1.9 Binary Operations

(5)

1.9.1 Binary Addition

(1)

1.9.2 Binary Subtraction

(1)

1.9.3 Binary Multiplication

(1)

1.9.4 Binary Division

(1)

1.10 Octal Conversions

(1)

1.11 Hexadecimal Conversions

(2)

1.12 Hexadecimal Operations

(3)

1.12.1 Hexadecimal Addition

(1)

1.12.2 Hexadecimal Subtraction

(1)

1.1.3 1's and 2's Complements of Binary Numbers

(1)

1.13.1 Finding the 1's Complement

(1)

1.13.2 Finding the 2's Complement

(2)

1.14 Signed Numbers

(2)

1.14.1 The Sign Bit

(1)

1.14.2 Sign-Magnitude Form

(1)

1.14.3 1's Complement Form

(1)

1.14.4 2's Complement Form

(1)

1.15 The ASCII Code

(3)

1.16 Summary

(7)

Glossary

(1)

Answers to Section Review Quiz

(1)

True/False Quiz

(1)

Questions

(1)

Problems

(3)

2 Semiconductors and Digital Logic

(54)

2.1 Introduction

(1)

2.2 Diode Logic

(1)

2.3 The Inverter

(5)

2.3.1 Inverter Truth Table

(1)

2.3.2 Inverter Symbol

(1)

2.3.3 Operation of an Inverter

(1)

2.3.4 Timing Diagrams

(1)

2.3.5 Logic Expressions for an Inverter

(1)

2.4 The And Gate

(7)

2.4.1 And Gate Symbol

(1)

2.4.2 Operation of an And Gate

(1)

2.4.3 And Gate Truth Table

(2)

2.4.4 Timing Diagrams

(1)

2.4.5 Logic Expressions for an And Gate

(2)

2.5 The OR Gate

(8)

2.5.1 OR Gate Symbol

(1)

2.5.2 Operation of an OR Gate

(2)

2.5.3 OR Gate Truth Table

(1)

2.5.4 Timing Diagram

(3)

2.5.5 Logic Expressions for an OR Gate

(2)

2.6 The Nand Gate

(5)

2.6.1 Nand Gate Symbol

(1)

2.6.2 Operation of a Nand Gate

(1)

2.6.3 Timing Diagram

(2)

2.6.4 Negative-OR Equivalent Operation of a Nand Gate

(1)

2.6.5 Logic Expressions for a Nand Gate

(1)

2.7 The NOR Gate

(5)

2.7.1 NOR Gate Symbol

(1)

2.7.2 Operation of a NOR Gate

(1)

2.7.3 Timing Diagram

(1)

2.7.4 Negative-And Equivalent Operation of the NOR Gate

(1)

2.7.5 Logic Expressions for a NOR Gate

(2)

2.8 The Exclusive-OR Gate

(7)

2.8.1 XOR Gate Symbol

(1)

2.8.2 Operation of XOR Gate

(2)

2.8.3 XOR Gate Truth Table

(1)

2.8.4 Timing Diagram

(2)

2.8.5 Parity

(1)

2.8.5.1 Odd-Parity Generator

(2)

2.9 The Exclusive-NOR Gate

(3)

2.9.1 XNOR Gate Symbol

(1)

2.9.2 Operation of XNOR Gate

(1)

2.9.3 XNOR Gate Truth Table

(1)

2.9.4 Timing Diagram

(1)

2.10 Summary

(12)

Glossary

(1)

Answers to Section Review Quiz

(1)

True/False Quiz

(1)

Questions

(1)

Problems

(8)

3 Microcontroller Hardware

(44)

3.1 Introduction

(1)

3.2 A Transistor as a Switch

(2)

3.3 The TTL Integrated Circuit

(1)

3.4 The CMOS Integrated Circuit

(2)

3.5 Using Integrated-Circuit Logic Gates

(2)

3.6 Seven-Segment Displays

(4)

3.7 Liquid-Crystal Displays

102

(3)

3.8 Keypads

105

(1)

3.9 The 68HC11/68HC12 Microcontroller

106

(15)

3.9.1 HC11 Processor

110

(2)

3.9.2 HC11 Memory

112

(2)

3.9.2.1 RAM

114

(1)

3.9.2.2 ROM

115

(1)

3.9.2.3 Eeprom

116

(1)

3.9.2.4 System Registers

117

(1)

3.9.3 HC11 Advanced On-Chip Input/Output (I/O) Capabilities

118

(3)

3.10 Evbu/Buffalo

121

(3)

3.11 Summary

124

(9)

Glossary

126

(2)

Answers to Section Review Quiz

128

(1)

True/False Quiz

129

(1)

Questions

130

(1)

Problems

131

(2)

4 Microcontroller Software

133

(42)

4.1 Introduction

134

(1)

4.2 Programming Concepts

135

(4)

4.3 System Software

139

(3)

4.4 Developing a Program

142

(6)

4.4.1 Problem Analysis

144

(1)

4.4.2 Design Development

145

(1)

4.4.3 Coding

145

(2)

4.4.4 Program Testing

147

(1)

4.5 Flow and State Diagrams

148

(4)

4.5.1 Flowchart Symbols

148

(1)

4.5.2 Flowcharting Techniques

148

(2)

4.5.3 State Diagrams

150

(2)

4.6 HC11 Programming Model

152

(6)

4.6.1 The Condition Code Register (Flags)

153

(1)

4.6.1 Zero Flag (Z)

154

(1)

4.6.1.2 Negative Flag (N)

154

(1)

4.6.1.3 Carry Flag (C)

155

(1)

4.6.1.4 Overflow Flag (V)

156

(1)

4.6.1.5 Interrupt Mask Flag (I)

157

(1)

4.6.1.6 Nonmaskable Interrupt Flag (X)

157

(1)

4.6.1.7 Half-Carry Flag (H)

158

(1)

4.6.1.8 Stop Disable Flag (S)

158

(1)

4.7 HC11 Memory-Addressing Modes

158

(6)

4.7.1 Extended Addressing

159

(1)

4.7.2 Direct Addressing

160

(1)

4.7.3 Immediate Addressing

161

(1)

4.7.4 Inherent Addressing

162

(1)

4.7.5 Indexed Addressing

162

(1)

4.7.6 Relative Addressing

163

(1)

4.8 Summary

164

(11)

Glossary

166

(3)

Answers to Section Review Quiz

169

(1)

True/False Quiz

169

(1)

Questions

170

(1)

Problems

171

(4)

5 Instructions

175

(42)

5.1 Introduction

176

(1)

5.2 Data Movement

177

(10)

5.2.1 Load Instructions

178

(3)

5.2.2 Store Instructions

181

(3)

5.2.3 Clear Instructions

184

(1)

5.2.4 Transfer Instructions

185

(1)

5.2.5 Exchange Instructions

186

(1)

5.3 Arithmetic

187

(8)

5.3.1 Addition

187

(3)

5.3.2 Increment Instructions

190

(1)

5.2.3 Subtraction

191

(3)

5.3.4 Negate and Decrement Instructions

194

(1)

5.4 Logic

195

(4)

5.5 Shifting and Rotating

199

(5)

5.6 Multiplication and Division

204

(1)

5.7 CCR (Flag) Manipulation

205

(1)

5.8 Bit-Level Operations

206

(1)

5.9 Summary

207

(10)

Glossary

208

(2)

Answers to Section Review Quiz

210

(1)

True/False Quiz

210

(1)

Questions

211

(1)

Problems

212

(5)

6 Control Structures and Subroutines

217

(44)

6.1 Introduction

218

(1)

6.2 Indexed Addressing Mode

219

(2)

6.3 Jumping and Branching

221

(10)

6.3.1 Jumping

223

(2)

6.3.2 Branching

225

(1)

6.3.2.1 Relative Addressing versus Absolute Addressing

225

(2)

6.3.2.2 Conditional and Unconditional Branching

227

(4)

6.4 Compare Instructions

231

(4)

6.5 Conditional Flow and Program Loops

235

(4)

6.6 Stack Operation

239

(5)

6.7 Subroutines

244

(2)

6.8 Buffalo Subroutine

246

(2)

6.9 Summary

248

(13)

Glossary

249

(2)

Answers to Section Review Quiz

251

(1)

True/False Quiz

251

(1)

Questions

252

(1)

Problems

253

(8)

7 Hello World!

261

(52)

7.1 Introduction

262

(1)

7.2 Creating Source Code Files

263

(9)

7.2.1 Writing the "Hello World!" Program

269

(3)

7.3 Assembling Programs

272

(4)

7.4 Ten Useful Programs

276

(27)

7.5 Summary

303

(10)

Glossary

304

(1)

Answers to Section Review Quiz

305

(1)

True/False Quiz

305

(1)

Questions

306

(1)

Problems

306

(7)

8 Input/Output (I/O) Ports

313

(36)

8.1 Introduction

314

(1)

8.2 Data Transfer Mode

315

(2)

8.3 Port A

317

(1)

8.4 Port B

318

(2)

8.5 Port C

320

(4)

8.6 Port D and Port E

324

(3)

8.7 I/O Using Handshaking

327

(6)

8.7.1 Simple Handshaking

329

(1)

8.7.2 Full-Input Handshaking

330

(2)

8.7.3 Full-Output Handshaking

332

(1)

8.8 A Project Using Port B

333

(7)

8.8.1 Objective

333

(1)

8.8.2 Requirements Analysis

334

(1)

8.8.3 Design Development

335

(5)

8.9 Summary

340

(9)

Glossary

341

(1)

Answers to Section Review Quiz

342

(1)

True/False Quiz

342

(1)

Questions

343

(1)

Problems

344

(5)

9 Interrupts

349

(56)

9.1 Introduction

350

(2)

9.2 Basics of an Interrupt

352

(2)

9.3 Servicing an Interrupt

354

(9)

9.4 Interrupt Control

363

(4)

9.4.1 Interrupt Related Instructions

364

(2)

9.4.2 Local and Global Control

366

(1)

9.5 Maskable Interrupts

367

(3)

9.5.1 Serial Communication System Interrupt Sources

367

(1)

9.5.2 Timer System Interrupt Sources

367

(1)

9.5.3 External Interrupts Using IRQ

368

(1)

9.5.4 Maskable Interrupt Priority

369

(1)

9.6 Output Compare

370

(12)

9.6.1 Internal Timing Devices

371

(4)

9.6.2 Output Compare Interrupts

375

(1)

9.6.2.1 Output-Compare Registers

376

(1)

9.6.2.2 Dedicated Comparators

377

(5)

9.7 Nonmaskable Interrupts

382

(1)

9.7.1 External Interrupts Using XIRQ

382

(1)

9.7.2 Other Nonmaskable Interrupts

382

(1)

9.8 Interrupts on the EVBU

383

(2)

9.9 A Project with Interrupts

385

(8)

9.9.1 Objective

385

(1)

9.9.2 Requirements Analysis

385

(1)

9.9.3 Design

386

(1)

9.9.4 Description of OC3 ISR

387

(6)

9.10 Summary

393

(12)

Glossary

394

(2)

Answers to Section Review Quiz

396

(1)

True/False Quiz

396

(1)

Questions

397

(2)

Problems

399

(6)

10 Analog Capture

405

(28)

10.1 Introduction

406

(1)

10.2 Analog-to-Digital Conversion

407

(9)

10.2.1 Range

409

(2)

10.2.2 Steps

411

(1)

10.2.3 Step Voltage and Digital Code

412

(2)

10.2.4 Resolution

414

(2)

10.3 A/D Tools

416

(4)

10.3.1 Port E

417

(1)

10.3.2 ADC

417

(1)

10.3.3 Conversion Control

418

(2)

10.3.4 Result Registers

420

(1)

10.4 A/D Operation

420

(3)

10.5 A Project with Analog Capture

423

(4)

10.5.1 Requirements Analysis

423

(1)

10.5.2 Hardware Design

423

(1)

10.5.3 Software Design

424

(3)

10.6 Summary

427

(6)

Glossary

428

(1)

Answers to Section Review Quiz

429

(1)

True/False Quiz

429

(1)

Questions

430

(1)

Problems

431

(2)

11 Input Capture

433

(16)

11.1 Introduction

434

(1)

11.2 Basic Modules of Input Capture

435

(1)

11.3 Input-Capture Registers

436

(1)

11.4 Input Edge Detection Logic

437

(2)

11.5 Interrupt Generation Logic

439

(1)

11.6 A Project with Input Capture

440

(3)

11.7 Summary

443

(6)

Glossary

444

(1)

Answers to Section Review Quiz

445

(1)

True/False Quiz

446

(1)

Questions

447

(1)

Problems

447

(2)

12 Higher-Level Programming

449

(30)

12.1 Introduction

450

(1)

12.2 Levels in Programming Languages

450

(3)

12.3 C Programming

453

(12)

12.3.1 Getting Started with C

453

(1)

12.3.2 Data Types

454

(3)

12.3.3 Operators

457

(3)

12.3.4 Conditional Flow and Program Loops

460

(3)

12.3.5 Subroutines

463

(1)

12.3.6 Pointers and Arrays

464

(1)

12.4 Examples

465

(4)

12.5 A Project with C

469

(4)

12.6 Summary

473

(6)

Glossary

474

(1)

Answers to Section Review Quiz

475

(1)

True/False Quiz

475

(1)

Questions

476

(1)

Problems

477

(2)

Appendix 1 Supplemental Web Site

479

(2)

Appendix 2 States and Resolution for Binary Numbers

481

(2)

Appendix 3 Basic Boolean Theorems and Identities

483

(2)

Appendix 4 The Resistor Color Code

485

(2)

Appendix 5 Waterfall Software Development Lifecycle Model

487

(2)

Appendix 6 Loading Your Program into the EEPROM

489

(2)

Appendix 7 Pulse-Width Modulation

491

(2)

Appendix 8 HC11 Instruction Set

493

(8)

Appendix 9 Comprehensive Glossary

501

(12)

Index

513

Syed R. Rizvi develops advanced technologies primarily for NASA Langley Research Center. He is the software consultant for the Environmental Management Information Systems at NASA LaRC. He maintains the web site Microcontroller Guide (www.microcontrollerguide.com), which contains hands-on tutorials, discussions, and interesting microcontroller-based projects for both students and hobbyists.

Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780429113048_pe.html

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