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xv | |
| Preface |
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xix | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xxix | |
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Taxonomy, geographic variation and population genetics of Bornean and Sumatran orangutans |
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1 | (14) |
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Isabelle Lackman-Ancrenaz |
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1 | (3) |
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Sampling issues in orangutan genetic studies |
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4 | (1) |
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Genetic markers: advantages and limitations |
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4 | (2) |
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4 | (1) |
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Nuclear DNA (mainly microsatellites) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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Development of single nucleotide polymorphisms |
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6 | (1) |
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Whole genome amplification |
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6 | (1) |
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Principles of population genetic data analysis |
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6 | (2) |
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Measuring diversity within and between populations |
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6 | (1) |
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Detection and quantification of demographic events |
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7 | (1) |
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Orangutan genetic studies: where are we now? |
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8 | (7) |
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Phylogeography and population genetics of Bornean orangutans |
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8 | (1) |
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Large scale: intrasubspecific variation of Bornean orangutans |
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8 | (1) |
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Microsatellite DNA variation in Bornean orangutans |
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9 | (1) |
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Population subdivision and gene flow among wild orangutans |
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9 | (1) |
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Inferring Pongo conservation units: a perspective based on microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA analyses |
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9 | (1) |
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Small scale: Genetic diversity in a fragmented population of Bornean orangutan and rivers influence the population genetic structure of orangutans |
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10 | (1) |
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Genetic signature of anthropogenic population collapse in a Bornean orangutan population |
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10 | (1) |
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General discussion on population genetics of Bornean orangutan |
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11 | (1) |
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Comparison with other great apes |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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The functional significance of variation in jaw form in orangutans |
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15 | (18) |
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16 | (1) |
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Great ape behavioral ecology |
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16 | (2) |
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The African apes as an ecogeographic model for partitioning orangutan mandibular variation |
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18 | (2) |
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Testing functional hypotheses of orangutan mandibular variation |
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20 | (1) |
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Orangutan jaws vary in ways that reflect different ecological profiles |
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21 | (2) |
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Potential factors contributing to variation in orangutan mandibular morphology |
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23 | (2) |
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Feeding frequency or critical function? |
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25 | (4) |
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Linking functional morphology with behavioral ecology and life history |
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29 | (4) |
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31 | (2) |
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Orangutan positional behavior |
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33 | (16) |
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33 | (3) |
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36 | (4) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (3) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (9) |
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47 | (2) |
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A description of the orangutan's vocal and sound repertoire, with a focus on geographic variation |
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49 | (16) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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Orangutan vocal and sound repertoire |
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50 | (1) |
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Geographic variation of orangutan calls |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (14) |
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Vocal and sound repertoire size and composition |
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51 | (4) |
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Geographic variation in orangutan calls |
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55 | (4) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (5) |
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Orangutan life history variation |
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65 | (12) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (2) |
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Age at first reproduction |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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Synthetic life-table for captive orangutans |
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68 | (1) |
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Comparison with other great apes |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (9) |
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Orangutan life history variation |
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68 | (6) |
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Orangutan life history compared to other hominoids |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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Orangutan distribution, density, abundance and impacts of disturbance |
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77 | (20) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (4) |
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Historical distribution, dispersal and range contraction |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (3) |
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82 | (11) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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Density estimates and accuracy of standardization |
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84 | (3) |
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87 | (6) |
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93 | (4) |
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Natural variation in orangutan density |
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93 | (1) |
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Impacts of disturbance on density |
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94 | (2) |
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Implications for conservation |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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The effects of forest phenology and floristics on populations of Bornean and Sumatran orangutans |
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97 | (22) |
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98 | (1) |
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Hypotheses and methodological considerations |
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98 | (5) |
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General patterns of productivity |
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98 | (2) |
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Availability of orangutan foods |
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100 | (2) |
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Effects of habitat quality on orangutan populations |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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Are Sumatran forests more productive than Bornean forests? |
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103 | (6) |
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Are Sumatran forests better orangutan habitat than Bornean forests? |
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109 | (3) |
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Ecological correlates of orangutan density |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (5) |
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Comparisons of phenology and floristics |
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114 | (1) |
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Ecological correlates of orangutan population density |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (3) |
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Orangutan activity budgets and diet |
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119 | (16) |
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Isabelle Lackman-Ancrenaz |
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119 | (3) |
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122 | (6) |
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Activity budgets and diet |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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Variation among age-sex class |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (4) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (7) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (2) |
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Comparison with other species |
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130 | (1) |
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Variation between age-sex class |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (2) |
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Geographic variation in orangutan diets |
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135 | (22) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (13) |
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Orangutan foods, diets, habitat, and status |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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Sources of interpopulation variation in orangutan diets |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (6) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (3) |
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148 | (3) |
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Orangutan and great ape diets compared |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (4) |
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155 | (2) |
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Parasites and their impacts on orangutan health |
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157 | (14) |
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The foundations of health |
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157 | (1) |
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Parasites as one of the fundamental components of ecosystems |
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158 | (4) |
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Interactions between parasites and hosts |
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158 | (2) |
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Factors influencing intensity and occurrence of parasites |
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160 | (1) |
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Special behavior influencing parasitic occurrence |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (9) |
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162 | (5) |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (2) |
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The ecology of female reproduction in wild orangutans |
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171 | (18) |
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Introduction to reproductive ecology |
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172 | (4) |
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Overview of energetics and reproduction |
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172 | (1) |
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The ecology of reproduction in the great apes |
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173 | (2) |
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The ecology of reproduction in humans |
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175 | (1) |
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Interpopulation comparison of orangutan reproductive ecology |
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176 | (3) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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Other reproductive parameters |
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178 | (1) |
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Refining our measures of orangutan reproductive ecology: suggestions for future research and new hypotheses |
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179 | (1) |
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Measuring reproductive function |
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179 | (2) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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Lactational amenorrhea and the lengths of inter-birth intervals |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (4) |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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Nutrient and caloric intake |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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Interactions between reproduction and energetics |
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185 | (4) |
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Acute vs cumulative effects of energy on ovarian function |
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185 | (1) |
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Magnitude of the shift in energy intake |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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Development of independence |
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189 | (16) |
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189 | (2) |
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Dependence on mother for transportation |
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191 | (2) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (2) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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Mother as role model for the acquisition of skills |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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Mother as protector against the elements |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (4) |
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Association with the mother |
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196 | (2) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (2) |
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Do Sumatran and Bornean orangutans differ in development? |
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200 | (1) |
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Similarities among populations |
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200 | (1) |
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Apparent differences between populations |
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201 | (1) |
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Bornean and Sumatran orangutans in great ape perspective |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (3) |
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203 | (2) |
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Ranging behavior of orangutan females and social organization |
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205 | (10) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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What causes variation in home range sizes? |
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207 | (2) |
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Ecological heterogeneity of habitats |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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Features of home range use |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (4) |
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Variation in home range size |
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211 | (1) |
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The female component of social organization |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (3) |
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Geographical variation in orangutan long calls |
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215 | (10) |
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215 | (3) |
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Adult male orangutan long calls |
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216 | (1) |
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Long call function and geographical variation |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (2) |
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220 | (5) |
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224 | (1) |
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Male-male relationships in orangutans |
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225 | (10) |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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Aggression and dominance relations among males |
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227 | (2) |
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227 | (1) |
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Flanged and unflanged males |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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Male long calls and responses |
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229 | (1) |
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Male competition and local presence |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (4) |
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233 | (2) |
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Orangutan mating behavior and strategies |
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235 | (10) |
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235 | (2) |
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Mating behavior of orangutans |
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237 | (3) |
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Ontogeny of mating behavior |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (3) |
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Male-male competition and female choice |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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Social organization and male-female relationships |
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245 | (10) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (2) |
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Male long calls and coordinated ranging |
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248 | (3) |
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251 | (1) |
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Orangutan social organization revisited |
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252 | (3) |
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253 | (2) |
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Ecological sex differences in wild orangutans |
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255 | (14) |
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256 | (2) |
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Differences between the three classes |
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258 | (8) |
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258 | (4) |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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Mechanical properties of food |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (3) |
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268 | (1) |
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Nest building in orangutans |
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269 | (10) |
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269 | (1) |
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Orangutan nest-building behavior |
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270 | (2) |
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Ontogeny of nest building |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (2) |
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Positions of nests in trees |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (4) |
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276 | (3) |
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Innovation and intelligence in orangutans |
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279 | (20) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (13) |
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Provisional wild orangutan innovations |
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281 | (1) |
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Comparing wild orangutan innovations with rehabilitant controls: validation |
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282 | (5) |
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Comparing wild orangutan innovations with rehabilitant controls: modifications |
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287 | (3) |
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Extending the list of orangutan innovations: rehabilitant innovations for water |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (4) |
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294 | (3) |
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Why are released rehabilitants more innovative? |
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294 | (1) |
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Cognitive foundations of great ape innovation |
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295 | (1) |
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Methodological implications |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (2) |
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298 | (1) |
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Orangutan cultures revisited |
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299 | (12) |
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299 | (2) |
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301 | (3) |
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The orangutan `culture table' |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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Hidden or true universals |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (6) |
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305 | (2) |
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307 | (1) |
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The cultural repertoire of orangutans |
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307 | (2) |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (2) |
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Orangutan population biology, life history, and conservation |
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311 | (16) |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (9) |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (6) |
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Modeling of specific populations |
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319 | (1) |
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Sumatra: initial analyses |
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319 | (1) |
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Sumatra: subsequent analyses |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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West Kalimantan and Sarawak |
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321 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (5) |
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Summary and general considerations |
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322 | (1) |
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Threats and conservation actions |
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323 | (2) |
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325 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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PVA and the realities of orangutan conservation |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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Orangutan rehabilitation and reintroduction |
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327 | (24) |
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327 | (3) |
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Concepts in rehabilitation |
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330 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
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Conservation goals in orangutan rehabilitation |
|
|
331 | (2) |
|
Success in achieving conservation goals |
|
|
333 | (11) |
|
Self-sustaining populations |
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
|
334 | (2) |
|
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
|
337 | (5) |
|
|
|
342 | (2) |
|
Current orangutan rehabilitation practices |
|
|
344 | (3) |
|
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
Behavioral rehabilitation |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
Readiness for forest life |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
Resuming semi-independent forest life |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
Post-release support and monitoring |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
|
347 | (4) |
|
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
Geographic variation in orangutan behavior and biology |
|
|
351 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
351 | (2) |
|
Ecological variation among sites inhabited by orangutans |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
Behavioral variation among orangutan populations |
|
|
354 | (4) |
|
Morphology, ecology, and life history |
|
|
354 | (2) |
|
Social organization and cognition |
|
|
356 | (2) |
|
Mechanisms of orangutan variation |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
|
|
359 | (4) |
|
Mechanisms underlying observed variation |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
361 | (2) |
| References |
|
363 | (40) |
| Index |
|
403 | |
Rohkem infot Oxford Scholarship Online e-raamatute kohta