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E-raamat: Practical Guide to Welding Solutions - Overcoming Technical and Material-Specific Issues: Overcoming Technical and Material-Specific Issues [Wiley Online]

(Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York)
  • Formaat: 344 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Feb-2019
  • Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • ISBN-10: 3527818812
  • ISBN-13: 9783527818815
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Wiley Online
  • Hind: 174,45 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
  • Formaat: 344 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Feb-2019
  • Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • ISBN-10: 3527818812
  • ISBN-13: 9783527818815
Teised raamatud teemal:

As critically important as welding is to a wide spectrum of manufacturing, construction, and repair, it is not without its problems. Those dependent on welding know only too well how easy it is to find information on the host of available processes and on the essential metallurgy that can enable success, but how frustratingly difficult it can be to find guidance on solving problems that sooner or later arise with welding, welds, or weldments.

Here for the first time is the book those that practice and/or depend upon welding have needed and awaited. A Practical Guide to Welding Solutions addresses the numerous technical and material-specific issues that can interfere with success. Renowned industrial and academic welding expert and prolific author and speaker Robert W. Messler, Jr. guides readers to the solutions they seek with a well-organized search based on how a problem manifests itself (i.e., as distortion, defect, or appearance), where it appears (i.e., in the fusion zone, heat-affected zone, or base metal), or in which materials or situations.

True to form, Dr. Messler makes readers feel he is speaking directly to them with his clear conversational but unambiguous writing style. Figures, tables and footnotes complement and augment the text suited to welding neophytes and veterans alike.

Preface xi
1 Introduction 1(6)
Further Reading
6(1)
2 Categorization of Welding and Weld Problems 7(16)
2.1 What Is Welding?
7(6)
2.2 Microstructural Zones of Welds
13(6)
2.3 Origin of Problems in Welding and Welds
19(1)
2.4 How Problems Can Be Logically Categorized?
20(1)
References
21(1)
Further Reading
21(2)
Part I: Manifestation of Problems with Welds and Weldments 23(112)
3 Problems with Joint Setup and Weld Joints
25(22)
3.1 Joint Efficiency
25(1)
3.2 Weld Joint Types and Weld Configurations
26(5)
3.3 Joint Setup Problems
31(4)
3.4 Problems with Weld Profile
35(7)
3.5 Troubleshooting Guide
42(3)
References
45(1)
Further Reading
45(2)
4 Shape Distortion, Dimensional Shrinkage, and Geometric Instability
47(20)
4.1 Thermal Versus Mechanical Stresses in a Structure
47(1)
4.2 Residual Stresses Versus Distortion
48(1)
4.3 Origin and Effect of Volumetric Shrinkage
48(4)
4.4 Origin and Effect of Thermal Contraction
52(5)
4.5 Problems from Nonuniform Thermal Contraction and CTE Mismatches
57(3)
4.6 Problems from Distortion and from Residual Stresses
60(1)
4.7 Distortion Control and Residual Stress Reduction
60(5)
4.8 Troubleshooting Guide
65(1)
References
65(1)
Further Reading
66(1)
5 Porosity
67(22)
5.1 The Most Common Problem in Welds
67(3)
5.2 Types of Weld Porosity
70(3)
5.3 Gases in Molten Weld Metal
73(6)
5.4 The Many Possible Causes of Porosity in Welds
79(5)
5.5 Attempting to Minimize Porosity Formation in Fusion Welds
84(1)
5.6 Troubleshooting Porosity Problems in Welds
85(2)
References
87(1)
Further Reading
87(2)
6 Cracks
89(20)
6.1 The Most Dreaded Defect in Welds
89(1)
6.2 Classification of Cracking and Cracks in Welds and Welding
90(1)
6.3 Hot Cracking and Cracks
91(7)
6.4 Cold Cracking and Cracks
98(3)
6.5 Other Weld-Related Cracking and Cracks
101(1)
6.6 Crack-Prone Metals and Alloys
102(3)
6.7 Troubleshooting Cracking Problems in Welds
105(1)
References
106(1)
Further Reading
107(2)
7 Nonmetallic and Metallic Inclusions
109(8)
7.1 Solid Versus Gas Inclusions
109(1)
7.2 Nonmetallic Inclusions in Welds
110(4)
7.3 Metallic Inclusions in Welds
114(1)
7.4 Troubleshooting Problems with Inclusions in Welds
115(1)
References
116(1)
Further Reading
116(1)
8 Weld Appearance
117(18)
8.1 Can You Judge a Book by Its Cover? Is Beauty Only Skin Deep?
117(1)
8.2 Weld Crown Bead Faults
118(3)
8.3 Weld Root Bead Faults
121(2)
8.4 Fillet Weld Faults
123(1)
8.5 Reading Weld Ripple Marks
124(2)
8.6 Weld Spatter
126(2)
8.7 Arc Strikes
128(1)
8.8 Weld Heat Tint
129(3)
8.9 Troubleshooting Weld Appearance Problems
132(1)
References
133(1)
Further Reading
134(1)
Part II Location of Problems in Welds 135(98)
9 Fusion Zone of Fusion Welds
137(20)
9.1 A Refresher on Microstructural Zones in and Around Welds
137(4)
9.2 Gas Porosity in the Fusion Zone of Welds
141(2)
9.3 Cracking in the Fusion Zone of Welds
143(8)
9.4 Inclusions in the Fusion Zone of Welds
151(1)
9.5 Macrosegregation in the Fusion Zone of Welds
152(1)
9.6 Troubleshooting Problems in the Fusion Zone of Welds
153(2)
References
155(1)
Further Reading
156(1)
10 Partially Melted Zone of Fusion Welds
157(12)
10.1 Origin and Location of the PMZ in Fusion Welds
157(4)
10.2 Conventional Hot Cracking in the PMZ
161(1)
10.3 Constitutional Liquation Cracking in the PMZ
161(3)
10.4 Cold Cracking in the PMZ
164(2)
10.5 Overcoming Cracking Problems in the PMZ
166(1)
10.6 Troubleshooting Problems in the PMZ
167(1)
References
167(1)
Further Reading
168(1)
11 Heat-Affected Zone of Fusion Welds
169(20)
11.1 Origin and Location of the HAZ for Fusion Welds
169(1)
11.2 Manifestation of Problems in the HAZ of Fusion Welds
170(1)
11.3 Precipitation-Hardening Alloy HAZ Problems
171(5)
11.4 Sensitization in the HAZ of Austenitic Stainless Steels
176(3)
11.5 Transformation-Hardening Steel HAZ Problems
179(4)
11.6 Reheat Cracking
183(3)
11.7 Troubleshooting Problems in the HAZ of Fusion Welds
186(1)
References
187(1)
Further Reading
188(1)
12 Unaffected Base Metal Cracking Associated with Welding
189(14)
12.1 Weld-Related Problems in the Unaffected Base Metal
189(1)
12.2 Lamellar Tearing in Thick Steel Weldments
189(3)
12.3 Corrosion Cracking Caused by Fusion Welding
192(3)
12.4 Fatigue Cracking Outside Fusion Welds
195(4)
12.5 Troubleshooting Weld-Related Problems in the Unaffected Base Metal
199(1)
References
200(1)
Further Reading
201(2)
13 Discontinuities in Multi-pass Welds
203(16)
13.1 Needs for Multi-pass Welding and Welds
203(2)
13.2 Various Functions of Multi-pass Welding and Welds
205(2)
13.3 Defects Found in Multi-pass Welds
207(3)
13.4 Composition Adjustment with Multi-pass Welding
210(3)
13.5 Property Alteration with Multi-pass Welding
213(3)
13.6 Troubleshooting Problems in Multi-pass Welding and Welds
216(1)
References
217(1)
Further Reading
217(2)
14 Problems with Non-fusion Welding and Non-fusion Welds
219(14)
14.1 Non-fusion Welding Processes Versus Fusion Welding Processes
219(1)
14.2 Overview of Non-fusion Processes
220(3)
14.2.1 Pressure Welding Processes
222(1)
14.2.2 Friction Welding Processes
222(1)
14.2.3 Diffusion Welding Processes
222(1)
14.2.4 Solid-State Deposition Welding
223(1)
14.3 Problems with Non-fusion Welds and Non-fusion Welding Processes
223(6)
14.4 Inspection and Repair Challenges with Non-fusion Welds
229(1)
14.5 Troubleshooting Problems with Non-fusion Welds
230(1)
References
230(1)
Further Reading
231(2)
Part III: Material-Specific Weld-Related Problems 233(88)
15 Embrittlement of Carbon and Low-and Medium-alloy Steels
235(12)
15.1 The Importance of Steel
235(3)
15.2 Four Causes of Embrittlement in Carbon and Low-and Medium-alloy Steels
238(1)
15.3 Hydrogen Embrittlement: A Misnomer in Steels
239(1)
15.4 Secondary Hardening in Steels
240(1)
15.5 Ductile-to-Brittle Transition in Steels
241(2)
15.6 Compromise of Fatigue and Impact Behavior by Residual Stresses in Steels
243(1)
15.7 Troubleshooting Problems from Embrittlement of Steels by Welding
244(1)
References
245(1)
Further Reading
245(2)
16 Sensitization or Weld Decay and Knife-line Attack in Stainless Steels
247(10)
16.1 A Primer on the Metallurgy of Stainless Steels
247(2)
16.2 Sensitization of Austenitic Stainless Steels by Welding
249(3)
16.3 Sensitization of Other Grades of Stainless Steel
252(1)
16.4 Knife-line Attack in Stabilized Austenitic Stainless Steels
252(2)
16.5 Troubleshooting Problems from Sensitization or Knife-line Attack
254(1)
References
255(1)
Further Reading
255(2)
17 Stress Relief Cracking of Precipitation-Hardening Alloys
257(16)
17.1 Different Names, Same Phenomenon
257(3)
17.2 Stress Relief Cracking in Ferritic Alloy Steels
260(5)
17.3 Stress Relaxation Cracking in Stainless Steels
265(2)
17.4 Strain-age Cracking in Ni-Based Superalloys
267(3)
17.5 Troubleshooting Problems from Stress Relief or Strain-age Cracking
270(1)
References
271(1)
Further Reading
271(2)
18 Loss of Properties in Cold-Worked Metals and Alloys
273(14)
18.1 Cold Work, Recovery, Recrystallization, and Grain Growth
273(5)
18.2 Cold-Worked Metals and Alloys in Engineering
278(3)
18.3 Avoiding or Recovering Properties Loss from Fusion Welding
281(3)
18.4 The Worked Zone in Pressure-Welded Metals and Alloys
284(1)
18.5 Troubleshooting Welding Problems in Cold-Worked Metals and Alloys
285(1)
References
285(1)
Further Reading
286(1)
19 Embrittlement with High-chromium Contents
287(10)
19.1 Phase Formation and Structure
287(4)
19.2 Adverse Effects of σ-Phase
291(1)
19.3 Susceptible Alloys
291(2)
19.4 Guidelines for Avoiding or Resolving Problems from a-Phase
293(1)
19.5 Troubleshooting Problems with a-Phase Associated with Welding
294(1)
References
295(1)
Further Reading
295(2)
20 Weld Dilution and Chemical Inhomogeneity
297(12)
20.1 The Designer's Druthers
297(3)
20.2 Chemical Inhomogeneity in Welds
300(2)
20.3 Weld Dilution
302(2)
20.4 The Unmixed Zone in the Weld Metal
304(3)
20.5 Impurities in the Weld Metal
307(1)
20.6 Troubleshooting Problems from Weld Dilution and Chemical Inhomogeneity
307(1)
References
308(1)
Further Reading
308(1)
21 Dissimilar Metal and Alloy Welding
309(12)
21.1 Joining Dissimilar Materials
309(2)
21.2 The Need for Welding Dissimilar Metals and Alloys
311(1)
21.3 Chemical Incompatibility
311(4)
21.4 Mechanical Incompatibility
315(1)
21.5 Thermal Incompatibility
315(3)
21.6 Troubleshooting Problems with Dissimilar Metal and Alloy Welding
318(1)
References
318(1)
Further Reading
319(2)
Closing Thoughts 321(2)
Index 323
Robert W. Messler, Jr., Ph.D., FASM, FAWS, is Emeritus Professor of Materials Science & Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY. His career spans more than four decades in diverse areas of advanced materials and processes in public and private industry and in academia, with unparalleled expertise in all aspects of joining. This "engineer who teaches" has authored more than a hundred technical papers and seven other engineering books. A Practical Guide to Welding Solutions being the logical complement to his renowned Principles of Welding, also by Wiley.