| Series Preface |
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ix | |
| Preface |
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xiii | |
| Author |
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xv | |
| 1 Basic Principles of Internal Dosimetry Calculations |
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1 | (20) |
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2 | (3) |
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Effective Half-Time Concept |
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5 | (3) |
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Formalized Dosimetry Systems |
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8 | (4) |
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9 | (1) |
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International Commission on Radiological Protection |
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9 | (1) |
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Medical Internal Dose Committee |
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10 | (1) |
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Radiation Dose Assessment Resource |
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11 | (1) |
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A Brief Example Calculation |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (4) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (2) |
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Biologically Effective Dose and Equivalent Uniform Dose |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
| 2 Current Anthropomorphic Models for Dosimetry (Phantoms) |
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21 | (18) |
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Simple Spherical Constructs |
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22 | (11) |
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Equation-Based, "Stylized" Phantoms |
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23 | (4) |
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Image-Based, "Voxel" Phantoms |
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27 | (1) |
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"Hybrid" Phantoms Based on Surface Renderings |
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28 | (5) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (6) |
| 3 Use of Animal Models in Internal Dose Calculations |
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39 | (12) |
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40 | (1) |
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Tissue Extraction Methods |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (3) |
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Calculating Dose to Animals |
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44 | (4) |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (3) |
| 4 Special Dosimetry Models |
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51 | (16) |
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51 | (6) |
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Models for Tumor Dosimetry |
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57 | (2) |
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Organs with Changing Organ Mass |
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59 | (1) |
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Special Body Kinetic Models |
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60 | (4) |
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The Voiding Urinary Bladder |
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60 | (2) |
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The Gastrointestinal Tract |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (3) |
| 5 Dose Calculations for Diagnostic Pharmaceuticals |
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67 | (38) |
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United States Regulatory Process |
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68 | (3) |
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70 | (1) |
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European Regulatory Process |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (7) |
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Number of Subjects and Time Points |
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73 | (7) |
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80 | (6) |
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Planar Imaging with Scintillation Cameras |
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80 | (4) |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (3) |
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Dose Calculations for Patients |
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89 | (11) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (4) |
| 6 Approved Radiopharmaceuticals |
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105 | (26) |
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Use of Radiopharmaceuticals |
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106 | (9) |
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Currently Approved Radiopharmaceuticals |
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115 | (16) |
| 7 Current Pharmaceuticals Used in Nuclear Medicine Therapy |
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131 | (16) |
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Classes of Pharmaceuticals |
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132 | (11) |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (2) |
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140 | (3) |
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143 | (4) |
| 8 The Need for Patient-Individualized Dosimetry in Therapy |
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147 | (18) |
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Comparison to External Beam Therapy |
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149 | (2) |
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Common Reasons for Resistance to Patient-Individualized Dosimetry and Arguments for Overcoming the Resistance |
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151 | (9) |
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160 | (5) |
| 9 Radiation Biology |
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165 | (22) |
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Types of Radiation-Induced Effects |
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166 | (10) |
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166 | (3) |
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169 | (7) |
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Mechanisms of Radiation Damage |
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176 | (3) |
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Challenges to the Classic Model |
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179 | (5) |
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184 | (3) |
| 10 Future Needs and Prospects |
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187 | (6) |
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187 | (1) |
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Technology for Activity Quantification |
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188 | (3) |
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191 | (1) |
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Clinical Acceptance of Dosimetry |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
| Index |
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193 | |