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E-raamat: Practice of Internal Dosimetry in Nuclear Medicine [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

(Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA)
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Written by one of the world's leading experts in the field of nuclear medicine dosimetry, this text describes in detail the use of internal dose calculations in the practice of nuclear medicine. While radiation therapy with external sources of radiation always employs calculations of dose to optimize therapy for each patient, this is not routinely conducted in nuclear medicine therapy. As the trend towards an increasing role of dosimetry in therapy planning increases, this book reviews the available methods and technologies available to make this a more common practice.





The book begins by covering the mathematical fundamentals of internal dose calculations, and uses sample calculations to demonstrate key principles. The book then moves forward to describe anthropomorphic models, dosimetric models, and types and uses of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. The depth of coverage makes it useful reference and guide for researchers performing dose calculations and for physicians considering incorporating dose calculations into the treatment of their cancer patients.
Series Preface ix
Preface xiii
Author xv
1 Basic Principles of Internal Dosimetry Calculations 1(20)
Quantities and Units
2(3)
Effective Half-Time Concept
5(3)
Formalized Dosimetry Systems
8(4)
Quimby and Feitelberg
9(1)
International Commission on Radiological Protection
9(1)
Medical Internal Dose Committee
10(1)
Radiation Dose Assessment Resource
11(1)
A Brief Example Calculation
12(2)
Other Dose Quantities
14(4)
Equivalent Dose
14(1)
Effective Dose
15(2)
Biologically Effective Dose and Equivalent Uniform Dose
17(1)
Conclusions
18(1)
Bibliography
19(2)
2 Current Anthropomorphic Models for Dosimetry (Phantoms) 21(18)
Simple Spherical Constructs
22(11)
Equation-Based, "Stylized" Phantoms
23(4)
Image-Based, "Voxel" Phantoms
27(1)
"Hybrid" Phantoms Based on Surface Renderings
28(5)
Summary
33(1)
Bibliography
33(6)
3 Use of Animal Models in Internal Dose Calculations 39(12)
Quantitative Methods
40(1)
Tissue Extraction Methods
40(1)
Small Animal Imaging
40(1)
Extrapolation Methods
41(3)
Calculating Dose to Animals
44(4)
Theoretical Example
45(2)
Literature Example
47(1)
Bibliography
48(3)
4 Special Dosimetry Models 51(16)
Bone and Marrow Models
51(6)
Models for Tumor Dosimetry
57(2)
Organs with Changing Organ Mass
59(1)
Special Body Kinetic Models
60(4)
The Voiding Urinary Bladder
60(2)
The Gastrointestinal Tract
62(2)
Bibliography
64(3)
5 Dose Calculations for Diagnostic Pharmaceuticals 67(38)
United States Regulatory Process
68(3)
Types of Approvals
70(1)
European Regulatory Process
71(2)
Study Design
73(7)
Number of Subjects and Time Points
73(7)
Imaging Methods
80(6)
Planar Imaging with Scintillation Cameras
80(4)
Tomographic Imaging
84(2)
Kinetic Modeling
86(3)
Dose Calculations for Patients
89(11)
Summary
100(1)
Bibliography
101(4)
6 Approved Radiopharmaceuticals 105(26)
Use of Radiopharmaceuticals
106(9)
Currently Approved Radiopharmaceuticals
115(16)
7 Current Pharmaceuticals Used in Nuclear Medicine Therapy 131(16)
Classes of Pharmaceuticals
132(11)
Thyroid Diseases
132(2)
Lymphomas
134(2)
Neuroendocrine Tumors
136(2)
Hepatic Tumors
138(2)
Bone-Seeking Agents
140(3)
Bibliography
143(4)
8 The Need for Patient-Individualized Dosimetry in Therapy 147(18)
Comparison to External Beam Therapy
149(2)
Common Reasons for Resistance to Patient-Individualized Dosimetry and Arguments for Overcoming the Resistance
151(9)
Bibliography
160(5)
9 Radiation Biology 165(22)
Types of Radiation-Induced Effects
166(10)
Nonstochastic Effects
166(3)
Stochastic Effects
169(7)
Mechanisms of Radiation Damage
176(3)
Challenges to the Classic Model
179(5)
Bibliography
184(3)
10 Future Needs and Prospects 187(6)
Pharmaceuticals
187(1)
Technology for Activity Quantification
188(3)
Dosimetry Models
191(1)
Clinical Acceptance of Dosimetry
191(1)
Bibliography
192(1)
Index 193
Michael G. Stabin, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.