|
|
1 | (6) |
|
|
5 | (2) |
|
2 Historical Overview of Raman Spectroscopy |
|
|
7 | (12) |
|
|
14 | (5) |
|
3 Theory of Raman Spectroscopy and Raman Instrumentation |
|
|
19 | (24) |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
20 | (4) |
|
|
24 | (2) |
|
3.4 Understanding and Assignment of the Raman Spectral Signature |
|
|
26 | (11) |
|
3.4.1 Peak Wavenumber and Assignment |
|
|
28 | (2) |
|
3.4.2 Peak Intensity and Assignment |
|
|
30 | (2) |
|
3.4.3 Molecular and Physical Description of Vibrational Modes |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
3.4.4 Implication for Spatial Resolution |
|
|
32 | (2) |
|
3.4.5 Symmetry and Peak Number |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
3.4.6 Laser Choice and Resonance Effects |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
3.4.7 Raman Tensor, Polarization: Advantages and Drawbacks |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
3.4.8 Background Subtraction |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
3.5 Databases: Advantages and Drawbacks |
|
|
37 | (6) |
|
|
38 | (5) |
|
4 Combination of Raman Spectroscopy with Other Techniques (XRF, SEM-EDAXS, IR) |
|
|
43 | (10) |
|
4.1 Optical Microscopy and the First Raman Microscope |
|
|
43 | (2) |
|
4.2 Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
4.3 Castaing Microprobe (Electron Probe Micro Analyzer) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (7) |
|
|
48 | (5) |
|
5 Pigments, Dyes and Colouring Agents |
|
|
53 | (54) |
|
|
54 | (2) |
|
5.2 Raman Detection of Colouring Agents: The Advantages and Drawbacks of Raman Scattering. A Brief Historical Overview |
|
|
56 | (4) |
|
5.3 Colouring Agents, Dyes and Pigments: Preparation and Selection |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
5.4 From Alchemy to Chemical Industry: Pigments and Dyes as Chronological/Technological Milestones |
|
|
61 | (10) |
|
5.5 A Few Examples Demonstrating the Advantages and Drawbacks of Raman Microspectroscopy |
|
|
71 | (5) |
|
5.5.1 Smalt or Lapis Lazuli? |
|
|
71 | (2) |
|
5.5.2 Natural or Synthetic Ultramarine |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
5.5.4 Elimination of Wrong Conclusions Made from Elemental Analyses: Example Blue Glass/Glaze |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
5.5.5 Identification of Organic Dyes (Paintings, Paper/Prints/ Inks, Textiles) |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
5.6 The Interest of Non-destructive, Non-invasive and Mobile Procedures |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
5.7 SERS and Associated Techniques |
|
|
76 | (2) |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
5.9 Degradation and Conservation (Table 5.7) |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
80 | (27) |
|
|
82 | (25) |
|
6 Cultural Heritage Meets the Art Forensics Enigma: Raman Spectroscopic Authentication and the Exposure of Fakes and Forgeries in Art Works |
|
|
107 | (18) |
|
|
107 | (5) |
|
6.2 Case Study 1: The Strange Case of the Disappearing Amber |
|
|
112 | (3) |
|
6.3 Case Study 2: The Cat with the Enigmatic Smile |
|
|
115 | (3) |
|
6.4 Case Study 3: When Is a Ming Porcelain Shard Not Ming Porcelain? |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
6.5 Case Study 4: Analysis Baffles Expert Opinion |
|
|
119 | (2) |
|
6.6 Case Study 5: Is It, or Is It Not, a Genuine Specimen of an Insect Trapped in Amber? |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
122 | (3) |
|
|
123 | (2) |
|
7 Jewellery and Gemstones |
|
|
125 | (30) |
|
|
125 | (5) |
|
7.2 Phase Identification and Characteristic Second Phases |
|
|
130 | (3) |
|
7.3 Provenance Studies. Multitechniques and Multivariate Analyses |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
7.4 Distinguishing Gems from Glass. Fakes and Improvements |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
7.5 Modern Synthetic Gems |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
|
134 | (21) |
|
|
134 | (3) |
|
7.6.2 Corals, Pearls, Mother of Pearl |
|
|
137 | (2) |
|
7.6.3 Ivory and Related Compounds |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
7.6.4 Ambers and Natural Resins |
|
|
139 | (3) |
|
7.6.5 On-Site Studies of Gems and Jewellery |
|
|
142 | (2) |
|
|
144 | (11) |
|
8 Cave Paintings and Rock Art |
|
|
155 | (14) |
|
|
155 | (3) |
|
8.2 Rock Art and Cave Art Sites Studied by Raman Spectroscopy |
|
|
158 | (4) |
|
8.3 Information from Raman Spectral Data for Cultural Heritage Preservation |
|
|
162 | (7) |
|
|
165 | (4) |
|
9 From Frescoes to Paintings |
|
|
169 | (46) |
|
9.1 Efficiency of Raman Microspectroscopy |
|
|
169 | (6) |
|
9.2 Procedures and Artefacts |
|
|
175 | (2) |
|
|
177 | (7) |
|
9.4 Examples of Procedure: Measurements at the Laboratory and On-site |
|
|
184 | (6) |
|
9.5 Colour Fading and Degradation |
|
|
190 | (3) |
|
|
193 | (22) |
|
|
193 | (22) |
|
10 Analytical Raman Spectroscopy of Manuscripts and Maps: The Role of Inks |
|
|
215 | (18) |
|
|
215 | (2) |
|
10.2 The Origin and Composition of Carbon Black and Iron Gall Inks |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
10.3 Iron Gall Ink and Manuscript Deterioration |
|
|
218 | (2) |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
10.5 The Detection of Ancient Inks |
|
|
221 | (4) |
|
10.5.1 Raman Spectroscopy |
|
|
223 | (2) |
|
|
225 | (4) |
|
|
225 | (2) |
|
10.6.2 The Beato de Valcavado Manuscript |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
10.6.3 The Vercelli Gospels and the Gospel of Judas |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
229 | (4) |
|
|
229 | (4) |
|
11 Patina, Corrosion and Conservation Treatments |
|
|
233 | (18) |
|
11.1 Mechanisms of Corrosion and Patination |
|
|
233 | (3) |
|
11.2 Patinas and Their Raman Signature |
|
|
236 | (2) |
|
11.3 Stability toward Corrosion |
|
|
238 | (5) |
|
11.3.1 Iron-Based Artefacts |
|
|
238 | (3) |
|
11.3.2 Stones and Buildings |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
11.4 Conservation Treatments |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
|
243 | (8) |
|
|
244 | (7) |
|
12 Glass, Pottery and Enamelled Artefacts |
|
|
251 | (38) |
|
|
251 | (2) |
|
12.2 X04 Vibrations and the Raman Signatures of Crystalline and Glassy Silicates |
|
|
253 | (7) |
|
12.2.1 Structure and Raman Signature Relationship |
|
|
255 | (5) |
|
12.3 The Different Glass Compositions. A Brief Historical Survey |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
12.4 Glass Raman Fingerprint and Resonance Raman Effect |
|
|
261 | (8) |
|
12.5 Glass Weathering, Dating and Conservation Treatments |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
12.6 Mobile Raman Spectroscopy |
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
12.7 Multivariate Analysis |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
12.8 Recognizing Technology Milestones - Tracing the Exchanges - Case Studies |
|
|
272 | (17) |
|
12.8.1 Blue (and Green) Glass Coloured with Lapis Lazuli |
|
|
273 | (2) |
|
12.8.2 Yellow (and Green) Colours |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
|
277 | (12) |
|
13 Archaeology of Biomaterials: Mummies, Ivories, Resins and Textiles |
|
|
289 | (42) |
|
|
289 | (3) |
|
13.2 Archaeological Specimens I: Mummies and Skeletal Remains |
|
|
292 | (19) |
|
|
293 | (10) |
|
13.2.2 Human Skeletal Remains |
|
|
303 | (8) |
|
13.3 Archaeological Specimens II: Functional or Decorative Items |
|
|
311 | (12) |
|
|
311 | (8) |
|
13.3.2 Resins, Gums and Waxes |
|
|
319 | (4) |
|
|
323 | (3) |
|
13.4.1 The HMS Victory Sail |
|
|
324 | (2) |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
|
326 | (5) |
|
|
326 | (5) |
|
14 Raman Spectroscopy and Industrial Archaeology |
|
|
331 | (16) |
|
|
331 | (2) |
|
14.2 The Role of Analytical Chemistry |
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
14.3 Raman Spectroscopy and the Challenges of Industrial Archaeology |
|
|
334 | (8) |
|
14.3.1 Abandoned Mine of Previously Indeterminate Purpose |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
14.3.2 Unexpected Hazards in Mines (St. Joachimstahl and St. Austell) |
|
|
336 | (4) |
|
14.3.3 Nantgarw China Works Waste Pit |
|
|
340 | (2) |
|
14.4 The Use of Portable Raman Spectroscopic Instrumentation |
|
|
342 | (5) |
|
|
345 | (2) |
|
15 Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of a Putative Seventeenth Century Oil Painting Depicting William Shakespeare |
|
|
347 | (8) |
|
|
347 | (3) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
15.3 Results of the Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of the Pigments |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
15.4 Interpretation of the Raman Spectral Data |
|
|
351 | (2) |
|
|
353 | (2) |
|
|
353 | (2) |
|
16 "Noli Me Tangere": A Renaissance Original? A Holistic Analytical Spectroscopic Challenge |
|
|
355 | (16) |
|
|
355 | (5) |
|
16.2 Compositional Study of the Works of Art on a Noli Me Tangere (NMT) Theme |
|
|
360 | (3) |
|
16.2.1 The Historical Basis of the Artworks |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
16.2.2 The Nine Works of Art Comprising This Comparative Study |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
16.2.3 Compositional Details Under Consideration and Comparison |
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
16.3 Discussion and Conclusions |
|
|
363 | (8) |
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
17 Case Study: Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Welsh Porcelains |
|
|
371 | (24) |
|
|
372 | (2) |
|
|
374 | (10) |
|
|
374 | (5) |
|
17.2.2 Spectroscopic Instrumentation |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
17.2.3 Previous Analytical Work |
|
|
380 | (4) |
|
17.3 Results and Discussion |
|
|
384 | (11) |
|
17.3.1 Nantgarw and Swansea Porcelains: Statements for Verification |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
17.3.2 Porcelain Body Chemistry in the Kiln |
|
|
385 | |
|
|
200 | (187) |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
17.3.4 Raman Spectroscopic Results |
|
|
388 | (4) |
|
|
392 | (3) |
|
18 Case Study - In-field and On-site Raman Analysis |
|
|
395 | (18) |
|
18.1 Why On-site Analysis? |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
18.2 Instrumental Requirements and On-site Procedures |
|
|
396 | (5) |
|
|
401 | (4) |
|
18.4 Standoff Raman Spectroscopy |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
18.5 Protection from Ambient Light |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
18.6 Examples and Perspectives |
|
|
406 | (7) |
|
|
409 | (4) |
|
19 Case Study: Non-invasively Documenting the Transfer of Enamelling Technology from Europe to China and Japan. The Role of the Jesuits in the Seventeenth Century |
|
|
413 | (26) |
|
19.1 The Quest for Chinese Porcelain |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
19.2 The Response of European Potters |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
19.3 The European and Chinese Technologies of Enamelling |
|
|
416 | (4) |
|
19.4 The Jesuits' Missions in Japan and China |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
19.5 The Contribution of Raman Microspectroscopy |
|
|
421 | (3) |
|
19.6 Raman Identification of European Recipes/Ingredients in Chinese cloisonnes and Painted Enamelled Wares |
|
|
424 | (6) |
|
19.7 Application to Chinese Productions |
|
|
430 | (2) |
|
19.8 Conclusions and Perspectives |
|
|
432 | (7) |
|
|
432 | (7) |
|
20 Case Study: The Shroud of Turin - Iconic Relic or Fake? The Role of Raman Spectroscopic Analysis in Its Forensic Appraisal |
|
|
439 | (14) |
|
|
439 | (5) |
|
20.2 The Early Scientific Evidence Relating to the Turin Shroud |
|
|
444 | (2) |
|
20.3 Recent Scientific Studies of the Turin Shroud Materials |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
20.4 Raman Spectroscopy and the Shroud of Turin |
|
|
447 | (6) |
|
|
450 | (3) |
|
21 Case Study: A Unique Rockingham English Porcelain Table: A Holistic Forensic Appraisal |
|
|
453 | (10) |
|
21.1 The Rockingham Porcelain Manufactory |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
21.2 Analyses of Rockingham Porcelain |
|
|
454 | (2) |
|
21.3 Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of the Porcelain Table-Top |
|
|
456 | (5) |
|
21.3.1 Background History of Wentworth Castle |
|
|
457 | (4) |
|
|
461 | (2) |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
22 A Little Knowledge is A Dangerous Thing: A Miscellany of Faux-Pas in the Cultural Heritage of Literature |
|
|
463 | (16) |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
|
464 | (2) |
|
22.3 Classical Literature in Cultural Heritage |
|
|
466 | (13) |
|
22.3.1 Wilkie Collins - "Armadale" |
|
|
466 | (4) |
|
22.3.2 Charles Dickens - A Tale of Two Cities |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
22.3.3 Ross King - Ex-Libris |
|
|
471 | (2) |
|
22.3.4 Anthony Horowitz - The House of Silk: The New Sherlock Holmes Novel |
|
|
473 | (2) |
|
22.3.5 Agatha Christie-Various Novels |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
476 | (3) |
|
23 Raman Analysis: What Is Straightforward, What Is Difficult and Future Perspectives |
|
|
479 | (6) |
Selected Bibliography |
|
485 | (4) |
Index |
|
489 | |