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E-raamat: Renewable Electricity and the Grid: The Challenge of Variability [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

Edited by (University of Maryland, College Park, USA)
  • Formaat: 244 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Sep-2007
  • Kirjastus: Earthscan Ltd
  • ISBN-13: 9781849772334
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Renewable Electricity and the Grid: The Challenge of VariabilitySuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 244 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Sep-2007
  • Kirjastus: Earthscan Ltd
  • ISBN-13: 9781849772334
Teised raamatud teemal:
Taylor & Francis e-raamatudRohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781849772334
Can renewable energy provide reliable power? Will it need extensive backup?

The energy available from wind, waves, tides and the sun varies in ways that may not match variations in energy demand. Assimilating these fluctuations can affect the operation and economics of electricity networks, markets and the output of other forms of generation. Is this a significant problem, or can these new sources be integrated into the grid system without the need for extensive backup or energy storage capacity?

This book examines the significance of the issue of variability of renewable electricity supplies, and presents technical and operational solutions to the problem of reconciling the differing patterns of supply and demand. Its chapters are authored by leading experts in the field, who aim to explain and quantify the impacts of variability in renewable energy, and in doing so, dispel many of the myths and misunderstandings surrounding the topic.
List of Figures and Tables
ix
List of Contributors
xiv
Preface xix
Acknowledgements xxi
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
xxii
Variable Renewables and the Grid: An Overview
1(30)
Michael Laughton
Introduction
1(1)
Renewable energy source variability
2(9)
Grid operational requirements
11(3)
Base-load capacity displacement with increasing wind penetration
14(13)
Conclusions
27(4)
Wind Power on the Grid
31(24)
David Milborrow
Introduction
31(1)
Electricity system operation
31(5)
Wind characteristics
36(2)
Managing a network with wind
38(3)
Capacity credits
41(4)
Total extra costs of wind energy
45(2)
Wind energy penetration levels above 20 per cent
47(2)
The influence of national and regional differences
49(2)
Conclusions
51(4)
Renewable Resource Characteristics and Network Integration
55(18)
Graham Sinden
Introduction
55(1)
Renewable electricity generation in the UK
55(3)
Characteristics
58(5)
Renewable electricity supply and demand patterns
63(4)
The role of wind power in providing capacity on electricity networks
67(4)
Conclusions
71(2)
The UK Energy Research Centre Review of the Costs and Impacts of Intermittency
73(22)
Robert Gross
Philip Heptonstall
Matthew Leach
Jim Skea
Dennis Anderson
Tim Green
Introduction
73(1)
Power system reliability and operation
74(3)
Misconceptions and sources of controversy
77(2)
Quantitative findings on impacts and costs
79(7)
Summary of findings and conclusions
86(9)
Wind Power Forecasting
95(26)
Bernhard Lange
Kurt Rohrig
Florian Schlogl
Umit Cali
Rene Jursa
Introduction
95(2)
Applications of wind power forecasting
97(1)
Steps in a forecasting system
97(1)
Numerical weather prediction
98(1)
Different approaches to the power output forecast
99(2)
Forecast horizon
101(2)
Regional upscaling
103(2)
Smoothing effect
105(2)
Forecast accuracy
107(3)
Example: The Wind Power Management System (WPMS)
110(2)
`Learning curve' of forecasting accuracy
112(1)
Examples of current research
113(4)
Future challenges
117(4)
Flexibility of Fossil Fuel Plant in a Renewable Energy Scenario: Possible Implications for the UK
121(22)
Fred Starr
Introduction
121(2)
The UK power plant system of today
123(1)
Advanced generating plants, energy savings and the issue of climate change
124(1)
Design and operation of coal- and natural gas-powered steam plants
125(5)
Pseudo-intermittency with today's plants
130(2)
Effects on plant components and reliability
132(4)
Intermittency and power plants of the future
136(4)
Conclusions
140(3)
The Potential Contribution of Emergency Diesel Standby Generators in Dealing with the Variability of Renewable Energy Sources
143(8)
David Andrews
Introduction: Wessex Water
143(1)
The National Grid Transco Frequency Service
143(1)
The National Grid Transco Reserve Service
144(1)
Reserve and standby generating capacity on the UK National Grid
144(2)
`Triads': A revenue-earning opportunity
146(1)
Other benefits: Testing diesels off load
147(4)
Demand Flexibility, Micro-Combined Heat and Power and the `Informated' Grid
151(6)
Bob Everett
Introduction
151(1)
What is needed
152(1)
What is on offer
153(2)
Metering and the future
155(2)
A Renewable Electricity System for the UK
157(24)
Mark Barrett
Introduction
157(2)
Scenario context
159(3)
A sustainable electricity system
162(5)
System integration and optimization
167(11)
Conclusions
178(3)
Reliable Power, Wind Variability and Offshore Grids in Europe
181(20)
Brian Hurley
Paul Hughes
Gregor Giebel
Where are the wind resources?
181(2)
What happens when the wind does not blow?
183(4)
The reliability of dispersed offshore wind power
187(3)
Effect of wind farm power output forecasting
190(1)
Delivered cost estimates for new grid and wind farms
190(3)
Results for Europe
193(1)
A Project for Europe: European-wide Supergrid
194(4)
Conclusions
198(3)
Planning for Variability in the Longer Term: The Challenge of a Truly Sustainable Energy System
201(10)
David Infield
Simon Watson
Introduction
201(1)
Renewable source-dominated energy supply systems
202(2)
Energy storage and demand-side management
204(5)
Conclusions and further research
209(2)
Index 211


Godfrey Boyle is Director of the Energy and Environment Research Unit at the UK Open University, where has chaired several renewable and sustainable energy course teams. He has published widely on these subjects, including the textbooks Energy Systems and Sustainability (2003) and Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future (2004). He is a Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (formerly the Institution of Electrical Engineers) and a Trustee of the National Energy Foundation.
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