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E-raamat: Set Lighting Technician's Handbook: Film Lighting Equipment, Practice, and Electrical Distribution 5th edition [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

  • Formaat: 624 pages, 70 Tables, black and white; 31 Line drawings, black and white; 364 Halftones, black and white; 465 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Apr-2020
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-13: 9780429422560
  • Taylor & Francis e-raamat
  • Hind: 216,96 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
  • Tavahind: 309,94 €
  • Säästad 30%
  • Formaat: 624 pages, 70 Tables, black and white; 31 Line drawings, black and white; 364 Halftones, black and white; 465 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Apr-2020
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-13: 9780429422560
A friendly, hands-on training manual and reference for lighting technicians in motion picture and television production, this handbook is the most comprehensive guide to set lighting available. It provides a unique combination of practical detail with a big-picture understanding of lighting, technology, safety, and professionalism, essential to anyone doing motion picture lighting.

The fifth edition delves into every aspect of lighting and features vastly expanded sections on controlling LED lights, color science, lighting control systems, wireless systems, Ethernet-based control systems, battery power, and modern set protocol for productions small and large. With a generous number of original images, the book illustrates the use of soft light, the effect of lighting angles, and how the gaffer and DP build an effective lighting plan around the blocking of the actors. This encyclopedic volume of technical knowhow is tempered with years of practical experience and a much-needed sense of humor.

This is the ideal text for professional lighting technicians across film and television including lighting directors, gaffers, DOPs, and rigging crews, as well as film and television production students studying lighting, camera techniques, film production, and cinematography.

It includes a revamped companion website with supplementary resources, forms, checklists, and images.
Preface xxi
Acknowledgments xxiii
Chapter 1 Set basics: Your first barbecue
1(14)
Job descriptions of the lighting crew
1(5)
Director of photography
1(1)
Gaffer
2(1)
Best boy electric
3(1)
Lighting technicians
3(1)
Lighting control personnel
4(1)
Rigging crew
4(1)
The fixtures person (or department)
5(1)
Generator operator
5(1)
Grip department
6(1)
The company
6(5)
Production staff
7(1)
The director's team
7(2)
Script supervisor
9(1)
Camera department
9(1)
Sound department
10(1)
Locations
10(1)
Transportation
11(1)
Art department
11(1)
The general public
11(1)
Block, light, rehearse, tweak, shoot
12(3)
Chapter 2 Preproduction planning: The package, expendables, personal tools
15(16)
Preproduction planning
15(4)
Scouting locations
16(1)
Production meetings
16(2)
Wireless spectrum management meeting
18(1)
The load-in
19(5)
Prepping lights and stands
19(2)
The production van
21(3)
Expendable supplies
24(3)
Gels and diffusion
24(1)
Electrical expendables
24(3)
Tools and personal gear
27(4)
Tool belt
27(2)
Meters
29(1)
Other hand tools
29(1)
Personal gear
30(1)
Chapter 3 Lighting objectives
31(16)
Storytelling objectives
31(2)
Mood
31(1)
Naturalism
32(1)
Composition
32(1)
Time constraints
33(1)
Photographic objectives
33(14)
Light level
33(1)
Foot-candles
34(1)
F-stops and T-stops
35(2)
Factors affecting light levels
37(2)
Contrast, latitude, and the tonal value
39(1)
Spot meters
40(2)
Calibrated monitor
42(1)
Signal monitoring
42(5)
Chapter 4 Lighting strategies
47(22)
Motivating and reactive lighting
47(2)
Lighting faces
49(10)
Rembrandt cheek patch lighting
49(3)
Near- and far-side keys
52(1)
Side light
52(1)
Wrapping the key
53(2)
Front light
55(3)
Bottom light
58(1)
High in front or high to the side
58(1)
The lighting triangle
59(5)
Fill
59(1)
Eye light
60(1)
Backlights, kickers, and hair lights
60(4)
Lighting the acting positions
64(2)
Back cross keys
65(1)
Lighting the space and the background
66(3)
Ambience
67(1)
Backdrops
67(2)
Chapter 5 Manipulating light: Tools, techniques, and the behavior of light
69(18)
Falloff: your friend, the inverse square law
69(2)
Cuts and patterns
71(3)
Breakup patterns
73(1)
Cucaloris
73(1)
Branchaloris
73(1)
Tape on an empty frame
74(1)
Shading and selectively controlling brightness
74(1)
Movement
74(2)
Flicker effects: television screen, flame, and fire
75(1)
Other moving light effects
76(1)
Soft light
76(1)
Softness of light
77(2)
Linear light sources
79(1)
Bounce light
79(1)
Diffusion materials
80(3)
Diffusion on the fixture
83(1)
Fabric soft boxes
83(1)
Controlling soft light
83(4)
Flags and teasers
83(2)
Grids, egg crates, and louvers
85(1)
Lanterns
86(1)
Chapter 6 Color
87(10)
Color space
87(2)
Kelvin color temperature scale
89(5)
Shifting color up and down the color temperature scale
91(1)
Using MIRED units to calculate color shifts
91(1)
Correlated color temperature (CCT)
92(1)
Green/magenta axis
93(1)
Measuring color
94(1)
Colored light
95(2)
LED full-color
95(1)
Theatrical gels
96(1)
Chapter 7 LED lights
97(48)
Capabilities of LEDs
97(1)
Color options
98(5)
Phosphor white, daylight, or tungsten
98(2)
Remote phosphor
100(1)
Bi-color
100(2)
The reasons behind tunable-white and full-spectrum lights
102(1)
Full spectrum
102(1)
LED color control methods
103(5)
Lighting effects
108(1)
Dimming LEDs
108(2)
Dimming curves
108(2)
Bottom of the dimmer range
110(1)
The seven things every lighting technician should know about LEDs
110(2)
Control
111(1)
Soft light fixtures
112(11)
Rigging versatility with lightweight softlights
113(1)
Small "face" lights
114(1)
Larger full-featured heads
115(1)
Green/blue screens, backings, and translights
115(8)
ARRI SkyPanel®
123(3)
Establishing base settings
123(1)
Settings menus
124(1)
Light operation
125(1)
LED tubes
126(8)
Single- and bi-color tubes
127(2)
Full-color tubes
129(3)
Pixel tubes
132(2)
Ribbon and tiles
134(5)
Ribbon
136(1)
Power and control
136(1)
Soldering
137(2)
Other LED form factors
139(6)
Orbiter
139(1)
Automated fixtures
140(1)
Camera-mounted and small LEDs
140(1)
Ring lights
141(1)
Portable wall wash
141(1)
Punchy LEDs
142(2)
Architectural
144(1)
Chapter 8 Established lighting instruments
145(34)
Tungsten
145(1)
HMI and other metal halide arc lamps
145(2)
Fresnels
147(9)
Flood/spot control
148(4)
Tilt angle
152(1)
Fresnel beam
152(2)
Fresnel accessories
154(2)
20k and 24k tungsten lights
156(1)
PAR lights
156(8)
PAR lamps
157(1)
PAR cans
158(1)
PAR arrays
159(1)
Axially mounted PAR fixtures
160(4)
Ellipsoidal reflector spotlights
164(4)
Dedolights
168(1)
Beam projectors
168(1)
Area lights and backing lights
169(4)
Space lights
169(1)
Backing lights
169(2)
Cyc strips
171(2)
Open-face lights
173(3)
Tungsten
173(1)
HMI "open-face" lights
173(3)
Tungsten soft lights
176(3)
Chapter 9 Operating HMI lights
179(12)
HMI lamps
179(3)
Arrimax
179(2)
Double-ended lamps
181(1)
Other notes about HMI lamps
181(1)
Normal HMI operation
182(9)
Striking
183(1)
DMX512-controlled ballasts
184(1)
UV protection and the safety loop circuit
184(1)
Color temperature
185(1)
Operating conditions
186(1)
Troubleshooting
186(2)
Power
188(1)
Cueing for HMIs
189(2)
Chapter 10 Stands and rigging
191(18)
Stands
191(12)
Baby stands
191(2)
Junior stands
193(2)
Offsets, side arms, extensions, and right angles
195(1)
Using stands
195(2)
Crank-up and motorized stands
197(2)
Grip stands
199(3)
Booms
202(1)
Rigging hardware
203(6)
Nail-on plates
203(1)
Set wall mounts
204(1)
Clamps
204(2)
Grids and greenbeds
206(1)
Other rigging hardware
207(2)
Chapter 11 Set protocol
209(24)
Set protocol
209(7)
Staging area
209(1)
Lighting the set
209(5)
Walkie-talkies
214(1)
Safeties
215(1)
Protecting sets and locations
215(1)
Teamwork
215(1)
Warnings
215(1)
Stingers and cabling
216(4)
Cables crossing the set
216(1)
Cables crossing work areas
216(1)
Stingers
216(1)
Preventing kick-outs
217(1)
Repatching
218(1)
2k plugging policy
218(1)
Labeling stingers and power cords
218(1)
Coiling stingers and cable
218(1)
Circuit balance and capacity
219(1)
Overheating and short circuits
220(1)
Smoke, fire, and other bad smells
220(1)
Sprinkler systems
220(1)
Elevated work
220(2)
Ladders
220(1)
Parallels
221(1)
Working at height
221(1)
Aerial lifts (Condors and scissor lifts)
221(1)
Color correction on location
222(2)
Correcting commercial/industrial fluorescents
222(1)
Heat protection and gels
222(1)
Gelling windows
223(1)
Practical bulbs
224(3)
PH bulbs and photoflood bulbs
224(1)
MR-16
224(1)
Mushroom floods
224(1)
Dimming practical lamps
225(1)
Wiring fixtures and outlet boxes
225(2)
The wrap
227(1)
Coiling feeder cable
228(1)
Inventory
228(1)
Replacing lamps
228(5)
Matching the lamp to the fixture
228(1)
Mercury
229(1)
Replacing tungsten and HMI lamps
229(4)
Chapter 12 Lighting control networks
233(46)
DMX512
234(6)
DMX512 addressing
236(2)
The patch
238(1)
Fixture numbers
238(1)
The cheat sheet, fixtures, and universes
239(1)
DMX values and device personality
240(7)
General Device Type Format (GDTF)
242(1)
Multiple DMX512 universes
242(5)
Remote Device Management (RDM)
247(1)
Building wired DMX512 systems
248(9)
Deviations from the standard
249(1)
Data termination
250(1)
Capacity
251(1)
DMX cable
251(1)
Optical isolators and splitters
252(3)
DMX512 testing
255(1)
Loss of signal
256(1)
Ethernet, Art-Net, sACN, and RDMnet
257(9)
DMX over Ethernet
257(4)
Other Ethernet protocols
261(1)
RDMnet
261(1)
Advantages of Ethernet
262(2)
Lighting control apps
264(1)
Wi-Fi
264(2)
Wireless DMX
266(7)
To be or not to be wireless
267(2)
Wireless DMX transmitters and receivers
269(1)
Satellite™ and Constellation
269(2)
Bluetooth
271(1)
Mesh
272(1)
Wireless system management
273(1)
DMX controllers and lighting consoles
273(4)
Small controllers
273(1)
Consoles
274(1)
Console operations
275(2)
Pixel mapping
277(2)
Chapter 13 Electricity
279(32)
The fundamentals of electricity and electrical formulas
279(8)
Volts (electromotive force)
280(1)
Amperes (current)
280(1)
Watts (power)
280(1)
The power formula
281(2)
Resistance
283(1)
Ohm's law
283(4)
Parallel and series circuits
287(3)
How NOT to use electrical formulas
290(2)
AC vs. DC
292(1)
Power systems
293(9)
240/120 single-phase, three-wire plus ground system
294(3)
208/120 three-phase, four-wire plus ground system
297(4)
Single-phase derived from delta-connected, three-phase system
301(1)
480/277 V three-phase system
302(1)
Electrical safety systems
302(6)
Control devices and polarity
302(1)
Overcurrent protection
303(1)
The current-carrying capacity of cable
304(2)
Types of feeder cable
306(2)
Equipment grounding
308(1)
System ground
309(1)
Generators
309(1)
Ground rods
309(1)
Bonding power sources
310(1)
Chapter 14 Power distribution equipment
311(22)
Components of a simple portable distribution system
311(3)
208 V vs. 240 V systems
313(1)
Overcurrent protection and cable ampacity
314(2)
Protecting cable at its ampacity
314(1)
Step-down box
314(1)
The 400 percent rule
315(1)
Feeder runs
316(3)
Camlock connectors
316(1)
Reversed ground system
317(1)
Parallel cable
317(1)
Test jacks
317(1)
Camlock spiders
318(1)
Distribution centers
319(1)
Multi-pin connectors and receptacle boxes
320(10)
Stage pin (Bates) connectors
321(1)
Edison
322(2)
NEMA L6-20 and L6-30
324(1)
PowerCON and TRUE 1
324(1)
Socapex
324(4)
Adapters
328(2)
Adapters for big lights
330(1)
DMX-controlled distribution and power with data
330(3)
Chapter 15 Dimming equipment
333(22)
Color temperature
333(1)
Dimming types and applications
333(5)
Household dimmers
334(1)
Variac dimmers
334(1)
Lunchbox dimmers and silent on-set dimmers
335(1)
Dimmers tailored for LEDs and small incandescent lamps
335(1)
Stand-alone dimmers
336(1)
Dimmer packs
337(1)
Dimmer racks
337(1)
Wireless DMX on-set dimmers
338(2)
Dimmer packs and racks
340(1)
Dimmer rooms
341(1)
Electronic dimmer designs
341(4)
Forward-phase control dimmers--SCR
341(2)
Reverse-phase control dimmers
343(2)
Sinewave dimmers
345(1)
Strand CD80 dimmer packs
345(5)
Installation and setup
346(2)
Troubleshooting
348(2)
ETC sensor dimmer system
350(5)
Chapter 16 Electrical rigging
355(32)
The role of the rigging gaffer
355(1)
Rigging paperwork
356(2)
Layers of an electrical system
358(1)
Hard-power layer
358(1)
Dimmer-circuit layer
358(1)
Control layer
359(1)
Cable and generator loading
359(2)
Sizing neutral conductors
361(1)
Sizing equipment grounding conductors
361(1)
Sizing grounding electrode and bonding conductors
361(1)
Rigging cable
361(7)
Protect your back
362(1)
Traffic areas
362(1)
Fire lanes
362(1)
Identifying cable, labeling circuits
363(1)
Lacing feeders
364(2)
Ventilating and separating runs
366(1)
Waterfalls
366(2)
Placement of distribution boxes
368(1)
The Gak package
369(1)
Root out bad contacts
369(1)
Testing the system before use
369(3)
Testing for short circuits
369(1)
Testing neutral and ground continuity and resistance
370(1)
Making the feeder connections
370(1)
Testing voltage
371(1)
Lugs and buss bars
371(1)
Knots for rigging
372(7)
Loop knots
372(1)
Binding hitches
372(3)
Other useful hitches
375(1)
Bends
376(1)
Strength of rope
377(2)
Rigging lights
379(2)
Rigging aerial lifts
381(6)
Cabling
384(2)
Condor duty
386(1)
Chapter 17 Working with electrical power
387(30)
Voltage drop and line loss
387(5)
Causes of voltage drop
388(1)
Allowable voltage drop
389(1)
Mitigating voltage drop
390(1)
Simple line loss calculations
390(2)
Single-phase voltage drop calculations
392(4)
Finding the voltage drop
393(1)
Finding cable gauge
394(1)
Finding the maximum current
395(1)
Finding the maximum length
395(1)
Three-phase voltage drop calculations
396(6)
Single-phase loads
396(1)
Three-phase loads
397(1)
Cable resistance
398(1)
Power factor
399(1)
Power factor correction
400(2)
Non-linear loads and harmonics
402(5)
Switch mode power supplies
402(1)
Harmonics
403(1)
Additive neutral current
404(1)
Skin effect and proximity effect
405(1)
Strategies for coping with large non-linear loads
406(1)
Measuring electricity
407(7)
AC Circuit Load Tester
408(1)
Circuit testers
408(1)
Testing continuity and testing for shorts
409(1)
Voltage meters
410(2)
Measuring amperage
412(1)
Wattmeter or power meter
412(1)
Power quality meter
412(1)
Measuring frequency (Hz rate)
413(1)
Circuit breaker finder
413(1)
Meter categories
414(1)
Electrical shocks and muscle freeze
414(3)
Chapter 18 Power sources
417(40)
Rechargeable batteries
417(18)
Battery types and mounts
417(3)
Voltage
420(1)
Current
421(3)
Battery capacity, run time, and charging
424(2)
Charge time
426(1)
Combining batteries with plates and power stations
426(1)
Options for powering lights with batteries
427(3)
Shipping and flying with batteries
430(1)
Battery chemistry and care
431(3)
Inverters
434(1)
Large battery packs
435(1)
Using available outlets
435(2)
Getting organized
435(1)
240 V receptacles
436(1)
Putt-putts (small portable generators)
437(7)
Retrofits and alternative configurations
437(4)
Parallel generators and step-down transformers
441(1)
Running the generator
441(1)
Troubleshooting small generators
442(2)
How does a generator work?
444(1)
240-to-120 V transformer
444(1)
Full-size generators
445(10)
Electrical configurations
447(2)
Control panel
449(1)
Generator placement
450(1)
Selecting a generator
451(1)
480 V transformer
451(1)
Power (kVA)
452(2)
How transformers work
454(1)
Using a 480 V system
454(1)
Line drops from utility power
455(1)
Tie-ins
455(2)
Approach protection
456(1)
Chapter 19 Special circumstances and practices
457(16)
Shooting on moving vehicles
457(2)
Poor man's process and other techniques
458(1)
Lighting in and around water
459(7)
Working with electricity around water and damp environments
459(1)
GFCI protection
460(1)
GFCI devices
461(2)
Testing equipment
463(1)
Protecting equipment
464(2)
Lighting rain
466(1)
Underwater lighting
466(3)
Electricity in water
466(1)
Modern underwater fixtures
467(1)
The underwater lighting arsenal
468(1)
Features of underwater fixtures
469(1)
Surface support
469(1)
Lighting for matte photography
469(4)
Pure screen color and density
470(1)
Lighting the foreground
470(3)
Chapter 20 Specialty lighting equipment
473(26)
SoftSun
473(1)
Lighting balloons
474(2)
Lightning effects
476(4)
Lightning Strikes!
477(1)
Control units
478(1)
Power requirements
479(1)
Running Lightning Strikes! on generators
479(1)
Thundervoltz battery packs
479(1)
Automated lights
480(6)
Selecting moving lights
482(3)
Working with moving lights
485(1)
Remote pan and tilt for conventional lights
486(1)
Media servers and video projectors for lighting effects
487(2)
Xenon lights
489(2)
Follow spots
491(5)
Preparing the follow spot
493(1)
Operating the follow spot
494(2)
Black lights
496(1)
Black light fixtures
496(1)
Photographing with black light
497(2)
Chapter 21 LED color science and technology
499(14)
Systems for evaluating color rendering
500(6)
What's wrong with CRT?
501(1)
Extended CRI, CRI 15
501(2)
TLCI-2012 and TLMF-2013
503(1)
Spectral Similarity Index (SSI)
504(1)
What to watch for
505(1)
Why different cameras see the same colors differently
506(1)
Gamut
506(2)
Selecting the color space of a light
508(1)
Matching colors, ANSI E1.54
508(1)
LED technology
509(4)
LED power supply, controller, driver, and dimming
510(1)
LED useful life
510(3)
Appendix A Photometric calculations and tables 513(10)
Appendix B Lamp tables 523(12)
Appendix C Flicker-free frame rates 535(4)
Appendix D Electrical tables 539(4)
Appendix E IP and NEMA equipment ratings 543(2)
Appendix F Equipment suppliers and manufacturers 545(6)
Appendix G Gels and diffusions 551(12)
Appendix H LED lights 563(8)
Glossary 571(18)
Index 589
Harry C. Box has worked in the motion picture and television industry since 1987 with significant experience as a lighting technician and gaffer and later as a camera operator. Harry also works for the industry trade association ESTA focusing on issues relevant to the motion picture/television market.