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E-raamat: Software Testing and Quality Assurance - Theory and Practice: Theory and Practice [Wiley Online]

(CounterStorm), (University of Waterloo)
  • Formaat: 648 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Sep-2008
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Spektrum
  • ISBN-10: 470382848
  • ISBN-13: 9780470382844
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Wiley Online
  • Hind: 161,71 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
Software Testing and Quality Assurance - Theory and Practice: Theory and PracticeSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 648 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Sep-2008
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Spektrum
  • ISBN-10: 470382848
  • ISBN-13: 9780470382844
Teised raamatud teemal:
Wiley Online e-raamatudRohkem infot Wiley Online kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470382844
Written for software engineers, software quality professionals, developers, and students, this book sets out fundamentals of testing theory and describes common testing practices. Rather than addressing the characteristics of specific software systems, the book presents testing theory and practice as stepping stones that will help students understand and develop testing practices for more complex systems. Learning features include test questions, examples, teaching suggestions, and chapter summaries. The book can be used as a reference for professionals and as an introductory text for undergraduate courses in software testing, quality assurance, and software engineering. Naik teaches in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Waterloo, Canada. Tripathy conducts software testing for grid-based storage applications. Annotation ©2008 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

A superior primer on software testing and quality assurance, from integration to execution and automation

This important new work fills the pressing need for a user-friendly text that aims to provide software engineers, software quality professionals, software developers, and students with the fundamental developments in testing theory and common testing practices.

Software Testing and Quality Assurance: Theory and Practice equips readers with a solid understanding of:

  • Practices that support the production of quality software
  • Software testing techniques
  • Life-cycle models for requirements, defects, test cases, and test results
  • Process models for units, integration, system, and acceptance testing
  • How to build test teams, including recruiting and retaining test engineers
  • Quality Models, Capability Maturity Model, Testing Maturity Model, and Test Process Improvement Model

Expertly balancing theory with practice, and complemented with an abundance of pedagogical tools, including test questions, examples, teaching suggestions, and chapter summaries, this book is a valuable, self-contained tool for professionals and an ideal introductory text for courses in software testing, quality assurance, and software engineering.

Preface xvii
List of Figures xxi
List of Tables xxvii
CHAPTER 1 BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRELIMINARIES
1.1 Quality Revolution
1
1.2 Software Quality
5
1.3 Role of Testing
7
1.4 Verification and Validation
7
1.5 Failure, Error, Fault, and Defect
9
1.6 Notion of Software Reliability
10
1.7 Objectives of Testing
10
1.8 What Is a Test Case?
11
1.9 Expected Outcome
12
1.10 Concept of Complete Testing
13
1.11 Central Issue in Testing
13
1.12 Testing Activities
14
1.13 Test Levels
16
1.14 Sources of Information for Test Case Selection
18
1.15 White-Box and Black-Box Testing
20
1.16 Test Planning and Design
21
1.17 Monitoring and Measuring Test Execution
22
1.18 Test Tools and Automation
24
1.19 Test Team Organization and Management
26
1.20 Outline of Book
27
References
28
Exercises
30
CHAPTER 2 THEORY OF PROGRAM TESTING 31
2.1 Basic Concepts in Testing Theory
31
2.2 Theory of Goodenough and Gerhart
32
2.2.1 Fundamental Concepts
32
2.2.2 Theory of Testing
34
2.2.3 Program Errors
34
2.2.4 Conditions for Reliability
36
2.2.5 Drawbacks of Theory
37
2.3 Theory of Weyuker and Ostrand
37
2.4 Theory of Gourlay
39
2.4.1 Few Definitions
40
2.4.2 Power of Test Methods
42
2.5 Adequacy of Testing
42
2.6 Limitations of Testing
45
2.7 Summary
46
Literature Review
47
References
48
Exercises
49
CHAPTER 3 UNIT TESTING 51
3.1 Concept of Unit Testing
51
3.2 Static Unit Testing
53
3.3 Defect Prevention
60
3.4 Dynamic Unit Testing
62
3.5 Mutation Testing
65
3.6 Debugging
68
3.7 Unit Testing in eXtreme Programming
71
3.8 JUnit: Framework for Unit Testing
73
3.9 Tools for Unit Testing
76
3.10 Summary
81
Literature Review
82
References
84
Exercises
86
CHAPTER 4 CONTROL FLOW TESTING 88
4.1 Basic Idea
88
4.2 Outline of Control Flow Testing
89
4.3 Control Flow Graph
90
4.4 Paths in a Control Flow Graph
93
4.5 Path Selection Criteria
94
4.5.1 All-Path Coverage Criterion
96
4.5.2 Statement Coverage Criterion
97
4.5.3 Branch Coverage Criterion
98
4.5.4 Predicate Coverage Criterion
100
4.6 Generating Test Input
101
4.7 Examples of Test Data Selection
106
4.8 Containing Infeasible Paths
107
4.9 Summary
108
Literature Review
109
References
110
Exercises
111
CHAPTER 5 DATA FLOW TESTING 112
5.1 General Idea
112
5.2 Data Flow Anomaly
113
5.3 Overview of Dynamic Data Flow Testing
115
5.4 Data Flow Graph
116
5.5 Data Flow Terms
119
5.6 Data Flow Testing Criteria
121
5.7 Comparison of Data Flow Test Selection Criteria
124
5.8 Feasible Paths and Test Selection Criteria
125
5.9 Comparison of Testing Techniques
126
5.10 Summary
128
Literature Review
129
References
131
Exercises
132
CHAPTER 6 DOMAIN TESTING 135
6.1 Domain Error
135
6.2 Testing for Domain Errors
137
6.3 Sources of Domains
138
6.4 A Types of Domain Errors
141
6.5 ON and OFF Points
144
6.6 Test Selection Criterion
146
6.7 Summary
154
Literature Review
155
References
156
Exercises
156
CHAPTER 7 SYSTEM INTEGRATION TESTING 158
7.1 Concept of Integration Testing
158
7.2 Different Types of Interfaces and Interface Errors
159
7.3 Granularity of System Integration Testing
163
7.4 System Integration Techniques
164
7.4.1 Incremental
164
7.4.2 Top Down
167
7.4.3 Bottom Up
171
7.4.4 Sandwich and Big Bang
173
7.5 Software and Hardware Integration
174
7.5.1 Hardware Design Verification Tests
174
7.5.2 Hardware and Software Compatibility Matrix
177
7.6 Test Plan for System Integration
180
7.7 Off-the-Shelf Component Integration
184
7.7.1 Off-the-Shelf Component Testing
185
7.7.2 Built-in Testing
186
7.8 Summary
187
Literature Review
188
References
189
Exercises
190
CHAPTER 8 SYSTEM TEST CATEGORIES 192
8.1 Taxonomy of System Tests
192
8.2 Basic Tests
194
8.2.1 Boot Tests
194
8.2.2 Upgrade/Downgrade Tests
195
8.2.3 Light Emitting Diode Tests
195
8.2.4 Diagnostic Tests
195
8.2.5 Command Line Interface Tests
196
8.3 Functionality Tests
196
8.3.1 Communication Systems Tests
196
8.3.2 Module Tests
197
8.3.3 Logging and Tracing Tests
198
8.3.4 Element Management Systems Tests
198
8.3.5 Management Information Base Tests
202
8.3.6 Graphical User Interface Tests
202
8.3.7 Security Tests
203
8.3.8 Feature Tests
204
8.4 Robustness Tests
204
8.4.1 Boundary Value Tests
205
8.4.2 Power Cycling Tests
206
8.4.3 On-Line Insertion and Removal Tests
206
8.4.4 High-Availability Tests
206
8.4.5 Degraded Node Tests
207
8.5 Interoperability Tests
208
8.6 Performance Tests
209
8.7 Scalability Tests
210
8.8 Stress Tests
211
8.9 Load and Stability Tests
213
8.10 Reliability Tests
214
8.11 Regression Tests
214
8.12 Documentation Tests
215
8.13 Regulatory Tests
216
8.14 Summary
218
Literature Review
219
References
220
Exercises
221
CHAPTER 9 FUNCTIONAL TESTING 222
9.1 Functional Testing Concepts of Howden
222
9.1.1 Different Types of Variables
224
9.1.2 Test Vector
230
9.1.3 Testing a Function in Context
231
9.2 Complexity of Applying Functional Testing
232
9.3 Pairwise Testing
235
9.3.1 Orthogonal Array
236
9.3.2 In Parameter Order
240
9.4 Equivalence Class Partitioning
244
9.5 Boundary Value Analysis
246
9.6 Decision Tables
248
9.7 Random Testing
252
9.8 Error Guessing
255
9.9 Category Partition
256
9.10 Summary
258
Literature Review
260
References
261
Exercises
262
CHAPTER 10 TEST GENERATION FROM FSM MODELS 265
10.1 State-Oriented Model
265
10.2 Points of Control and Observation
269
10.3 Finite-State Machine
270
10.4 Test Generation from an FSM
273
10.5 Transition Tour Method
273
10.6 Testing with State Verification
277
10.7 Unique Input–Output Sequence
279
10.8 Distinguishing Sequence
284
10.9 Characterizing Sequence
287
10.10 Test Architectures
291
10.10.1 Local Architecture
292
10.10.2 Distributed Architecture
293
10.10.3 Coordinated Architecture
294
10.10.4 Remote Architecture
295
10.11 Testing and Test Control Notation Version 3 (TTCN-3)
295
10.11.1 Module
296
10.11.2 Data Declarations
296
10.11.3 Ports and Components
298
10.11.4 Test Case Verdicts
299
10.11.5 Test Case
300
10.12 Extended FSMs
302
10.13 Test Generation from EFSM Models
307
10.14 Additional Coverage Criteria for System Testing
313
10.15 Summary
315
Literature Review
316
References
317
Exercises
318
CHAPTER 11 SYSTEM TEST DESIGN 321
11.1 Test Design Factors
321
11.2 Requirement Identification
322
11.3 Characteristics of Testable Requirements
331
11.4 Test Objective Identification
334
11.5 Example
335
11.6 Modeling a Test Design Process
345
11.7 Modeling Test Results
347
11.8 Test Design Preparedness Metrics
349
11.9 Test Case Design Effectiveness
350
11.10 Summary
351
Literature Review
351
References
353
Exercises
353
CHAPTER 12 SYSTEM TEST PLANNING AND AUTOMATION 355
12.1 Structure of a System Test Plan
355
12.2 Introduction and Feature Description
356
12.3 Assumptions
357
12.4 Test Approach
357
12.5 Test Suite Structure
358
12.6 Test Environment
358
12.7 Test Execution Strategy
361
12.7.1 Multicycle System Test Strategy
362
12.7.2 Characterization of Test Cycles
362
12.7.3 Preparing for First Test Cycle
366
12.7.4 Selecting Test Cases for Final Test Cycle
369
12.7.5 Prioritization of Test Cases
371
12.7.6 Details of Three Test Cycles
372
12.8 Test Effort Estimation
377
12.8.1 Number of Test Cases
378
12.8.2 Test Case Creation Effort
384
12.8.3 Test Case Execution Effort
385
12.9 Scheduling and Test Milestones
387
12.10 System Test Automation
391
12.11 Evaluation and Selection of Test Automation Tools
392
12.12 Test Selection Guidelines for Automation
395
12.13 Characteristics of Automated Test Cases
397
12.14 Structure of an Automated Test Case
399
12.15 Test Automation Infrastructure
400
12.16 Summary
402
Literature Review
403
References
405
Exercises
406
CHAPTER 13 SYSTEM TEST EXECUTION 408
13.1 Basic Ideas
408
13.2 Modeling Defects
409
13.3 Preparedness to Start System Testing
415
13.4 Metrics for Tracking System Test
419
13.4.1 Metrics for Monitoring Test Execution
420
13.4.2 Test Execution Metric Examples
420
13.4.3 Metrics for Monitoring Defect Reports
423
13.4.4 Defect Report Metric Examples
425
13.5 Orthogonal Defect Classification
428
13.6 Defect Causal Analysis
431
13.7 Beta Testing
435
13.8 First Customer Shipment
437
13.9 System Test Report
438
13.10 Product Sustaining
439
13.11 Measuring Test Effectiveness
441
13.12 Summary
445
Literature Review
446
References
447
Exercises
448
CHAPTER 14 ACCEPTANCE TESTING 450
14.1 Types of Acceptance Testing
450
14.2 Acceptance Criteria
451
14.3 Selection of Acceptance Criteria
461
14.4 Acceptance Test Plan
461
14.5 Acceptance Test Execution
463
14.6 Acceptance Test Report
464
14.7 Acceptance Testing in eXtreme Programming
466
14.8 Summary
467
Literature Review
468
References
468
Exercises
469
CHAPTER 15 SOFTWARE RELIABILITY 471
15.1 What Is Reliability?
471
15.1.1 Fault and Failure
472
15.1.2 Time
473
15.1.3 Time Interval between Failures
474
15.1.4 Counting Failures in Periodic Intervals
475
15.1.5 Failure Intensity
476
15.2 Definitions of Software Reliability
477
15.2.1 First Definition of Software Reliability
477
15.2.2 Second Definition of Software Reliability
478
15.2.3 Comparing the Definitions of Software Reliability
479
15.3 Factors Influencing Software Reliability
479
15.4 Applications of Software Reliability
481
15.4.1 Comparison of Software Engineering Technologies
481
15.4.2 Measuring the Progress of System Testing
481
15.4.3 Controlling the System in Operation
482
15.4.4 Better Insight into Software Development Process
482
15.5 Operational Profiles
482
15.5.1 Operation
483
15.5.2 Representation of Operational Profile
483
15.6 Reliability Models
486
15.7 Summary
491
Literature Review
492
References
494
Exercises
494
CHAPTER 16 TEST TEAM ORGANIZATION 496
16.1 Test Groups
496
16.1.1 Integration Test Group
496
16.1.2 System Test Group
497
16.2 Software Quality Assurance Group
499
16.3 System Test Team Hierarchy
500
16.4 Effective Staffing of Test Engineers
501
16.5 Recruiting Test Engineers
504
16.5.1 Job Requisition
504
16.5.2 Job Profiling
505
16.5.3 Screening Resumes
505
16.5.4 Coordinating an Interview Team
506
16.5.5 Interviewing
507
16.5.6 Making a Decision
511
16.6 Retaining Test Engineers
511
16.6.1 Career Path
511
16.6.2 Training
512
16.6.3 Reward System
513
16.7 Team Building
513
16.7.1 Expectations
513
16.7.2 Consistency
514
16.7.3 Information Sharing
514
16.7.4 Standardization
514
16.7.5 Test Environments
514
16.7.6 Recognitions
515
16.8 Summary
515
Literature Review
516
References
516
Exercises
517
CHAPTER 17 SOFTWARE QUALITY 519
17.1 Five Views of Software Quality
519
17.2 McCall's Quality Factors and Criteria
523
17.2.1 Quality Factors
523
17.2.2 Quality Criteria
527
17.2.3 Relationship between Quality Factors and Criteria
527
17.2.4 Quality Metrics
530
17.3 ISO 9126 Quality Characteristics
530
17.4 ISO 9000:2000 Software Quality Standard
534
17.4.1 ISO 9000:2000 Fundamentals
535
17.4.2 ISO 9001:2000 Requirements
537
17.5 Summary
542
Literature Review
544
References
544
Exercises
545
CHAPTER 18 MATURITY MODELS 546
18.1 Basic Idea in Software Process
546
18.2 Capability Maturity Model
548
18.2.1 CMM Architecture
549
18.2.2 Five Levels of Maturity and Key Process Areas
550
18.2.3 Common Features of Key Practices
553
18.2.4 Application of CMM
553
18.2.5 Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMJ)
554
18.3 Test Process Improvement
555
18.4 Testing Maturity Model
568
18.5 Summary
578
Literature Review
578
References
579
Exercises
579
GLOSSARY 581
INDEX 600
KSHIRASAGAR NAIK, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Previously, he was a software development engineer for Wipro Technologies in Bangalore, India. Dr. Naik has contributed to numerous journal and conference publications in the area of software testing. PRIYADARSHI TRIPATHY, PhD, is a Senior Manager at NEC Laboratories America, Inc., in Princeton, New Jersey, where he designs, coordinates, and conducts software testing for grid-based storage appliances. Dr. Tripathy has worked in the field of software testing and quality assurance for Nortel Networks, Cisco Systems, and Airvana, Inc. He has also contributed to numerous publications in the area of software testing.
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