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E-raamat: Soilborne Microbial Plant Pathogens and Disease Management, Volume One: Nature and Biology [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

(Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India)
  • Formaat: 340 pages, 4 Tables, black and white; 42 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Oct-2019
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9780429058172
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  • Taylor & Francis e-raamat
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Soilborne Microbial Plant Pathogens and Disease Management, Volume One: Nature and BiologySuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 340 pages, 4 Tables, black and white; 42 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Oct-2019
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9780429058172
Teised raamatud teemal:
Taylor & Francis e-raamatudRohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429058172

Soilborne microbial plant pathogens including oomycetes, fungi, bacteria and viruses cause several economically important destructive diseases and the symptoms of infection can be recognized only after the pathogen has invaded many tissues primarily vascular tissues of susceptible plants. This condition places formidable challenges in investigating different aspects of host-microbial pathogen interactions.

Early detection of infection and precise identification, differentiation, and quantification of the microbial plant pathogens in plants, soil and water sources are essential requirements for development of effective tactics to reduce the incidence and spread of the diseases caused by them. As the microbial plant pathogens differ in their virulence and sensitivity to the environment and chemicals applied, it is imperative to assess the extent of variability in the concerned pathogens.

This first volume of a two-volume set introduces disease-causing microorganisms including oomycetes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses found in soils. It focuses on the biology, detection, and identification of soilborne bacterial, fungal, and viral plant pathogens. This volume discusses various techniques based on biological, immunological and genetic properties of the pathogens indicating their advantages and limitations for selecting the appropriate technique to fulfill the requirements.

Features:

  • Presents techniques useful for detection, identification, quantification of microbial plant pathogens in plants, soil, and irrigation water from waterbodies.
  • Highlights subversive activities of viruses, resulting in the breakdown of host defense systems.
  • Discusses RNA silencing in infected plants by viruses and posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) functioning as an endogenous mechanism in plants against virus infection.
  • Presents information on methods of assessment of genetic variability and sensitivity of microbial plant pathogens to chemicals and adverse environmental conditions.
Preface xi
Acknowledgment xiii
Author xv
Chapter 1 Introduction 1(6)
1.1 Economic Importance and Distribution of Diseases Caused by Soilborne Microbial Plant Pathogens
1(1)
1.2 Concepts and Implications of Infection by Soilborne Microbial Plant Pathogens
1(2)
1.3 Nature of Soilborne Microbial Plant Pathogens Causing Crop Diseases
3(1)
1.3.1 Pathogen Biology
3(1)
1.3.2 Ecological and Epidemiological Perspectives
3(1)
1.4 Principles of Management of Crop Diseases Caused by Soilborne Microbial Pathogens
3(1)
1.4.1 Prevention of Pathogen Introduction and Inoculum Production
3(1)
1.4.2 Inhibition of Pathogen Development
4(1)
1.5 Development of Integrated Disease Management Systems
4(1)
References
4(3)
Chapter 2 Detection and Identification of Soilborne Fungal Plant Pathogens 7(82)
2.1 Detection of Fungal Pathogens In Soil Environments
7(68)
2.1.1 Isolation-Based Methods
7(6)
2.1.1.1 Baiting Assays
8(3)
2.1.1.2 Direct Plating of Soil Samples
11(1)
2.1.1.3 Plating of Water Samples
12(1)
2.1.2 Physical and Chemical Methods
13(3)
2.1.3 Immunoassays
16(6)
2.1.3.1 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
17(3)
2.1.3.2 Dipstick Immunoassay
20(1)
2.1.3.3 Lateral Flow Devices
21(1)
2.1.3.4 Dot Immunobinding Assay
21(1)
2.1.3.5 Tissue Blot Immunoassay
22(1)
2.1.3.6 Western Blot Analysis
22(1)
2.1.3.7 Immunofluorescence Assay
22(1)
2.1.3.8 Immunosorbent Electron Microscopy
22(1)
2.1.4 Nucleic Acid-Based Techniques
22(37)
2.1.4.1 Fluorescence Microscopy
23(1)
2.1.4.2 Hybridization Methods
23(1)
2.1.4.3 Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Assays
24(35)
2.2 Assessment of Variability in Soilborne Fungal Pathogens
59(30)
2.2.1 Variability in Biological Characteristics
59(1)
2.2.2 Variability in Vegetative Compatibility
60(2)
2.2.3 Variability in Genomic Characteristics
62(29)
2.2.3.1 Nucleic Acid Hybridization Techniques
63(1)
2.2.3.2 Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Methods
63(12)
References
75(14)
Chapter 3 Biology of Soilborne Fungal Plant Pathogens 89(66)
3.1 Biological Characteristics of Fungal Pathogens
89(54)
3.1.1 Disease Incidence and Distribution
89(2)
3.1.2 Disease Cycles of Fungal Pathogens
91(13)
3.1.2.1 Production of Pathogen Propagules
91(5)
3.1.2.2 Survival and Dispersal of Fungal Pathogens
96(4)
3.1.2.3 Transmission of Soilborne Fungal Pathogens through Vectors
100(1)
3.1.2.4 Host Range of Fungal Pathogens
101(2)
3.1.2.5 Disease Complexes of Soilborne Fungal Pathogens and Nematodes
103(1)
3.2 Genetic Characteristics of Fungal Pathogens
104(8)
3.2.1 Pathogenicity of Fungal Pathogens
104(4)
3.2.2 Production of Toxic Metabolites and Enzymes by Fungal Pathogens
108(4)
3.3 Process of Infection of Fungal Pathogens
112(44)
3.3.1 Germination of Spores
112(3)
3.3.2 Penetration and Colonization of Host Tissues
115(14)
3.3.3 In Planta Expression of Fungal Pathogen Genes
129(6)
3.3.4 Molecular Basis of Interactions between Host Plants and Fungal Pathogens
135(7)
3.3.5 Influence of Environment on Disease Development
142(1)
References
143(12)
Chapter 4 Detection and Identification of Soilborne Bacterial Plant Pathogens 155(40)
4.1 Detection of Bacterial Pathogens
156(31)
4.1.1 Isolation-Dependent Methods
156(3)
4.1.1.1 Use of Indicator Plants
156(1)
4.1.1.2 Use of Selective Media
156(2)
4.1.1.3 Use of Bacteriophages
158(1)
4.1.1.4 Biochemical and Physical Methods
158(1)
4.1.2 Isolation-Independent Methods
159(19)
4.1.2.1 Immunoassays
159(4)
4.1.2.2 Nucleic Acid-Based Techniques
163(15)
4.2 Variability in Bacterial Pathogens
178(17)
4.2.1 Variability in Cultural Characteristics
178(1)
4.2.2 Variability in Pathogenicity
178(2)
4.2.3 Variability in Biochemical Properties
180(1)
4.2.4 Variability in Physical Properties
180(1)
4.2.5 Variability in Immunological Properties
180(1)
4.2.6 Variability in Genomic Nucleic Acid Characteristics
181(6)
References
187(8)
Chapter 5 Biology of Soilborne Bacterial Plant Pathogens 195(38)
5.1 Disease Cycles of Bacterial Plant Pathogens
195(30)
5.1.1 Ralstonia solanacearum
195(13)
5.1.1.1 Disease Incidence and Distribution
195(1)
5.1.1.2 Host Range and Sources of Infection
196(1)
5.1.1.3 Modes of Dispersal of Bacterial Pathogens
197(1)
5.1.1.4 Survival of the Pathogen
198(1)
5.1.1.5 Process of Infection of Susceptible Plants
199(9)
5.1.2 Pectobacterium spp. and Dickeya spp.
208(5)
5.1.2.1 Disease Incidence and Distribution
208(1)
5.1.2.2 Host Range and Sources of Infection
208(1)
5.1.2.3 Modes of Dispersal of Pathogens
209(1)
5.1.2.4 Process of Infection of Susceptible Plants
210(3)
5.1.3 Streptomyces spp.
213(3)
5.1.3.1 Disease Incidence and Distribution
213(1)
5.1.3.2 Pathogenicity and Host Range
213(3)
5.1.4 Agrobacterium spp.
216(5)
5.1.4.1 Disease Incidence and Distribution
216(1)
5.1.4.2 Process of Infection
217(4)
5.1.5 Xanthomonas spp.
221(3)
5.1.5.1 Disease Incidence and Distribution
221(1)
5.1.5.2 Process of Infection
222(2)
5.1.6 Clavibacter michiganensis
224(1)
References
225(8)
Chapter 6 Detection and Biology of Soilborne Viral Plant Pathogens 233(40)
6.1 Detection of Soilborne Viruses
234(13)
6.1.1 Detection of Viruses with Abiotic Transmission
234(2)
6.1.1.1 Biological Methods
234(1)
6.1.1.2 Immunoassays
234(1)
6.1.1.3 Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Assays
235(1)
6.1.2 Detection of Viruses with Biotic Transmission
236(11)
6.1.2.1 Viruses Transmitted by Fungal Vectors
236(7)
6.1.2.2 Detection of Viruses Transmitted by Nnematodes
243(4)
6.2 Biology of Soilborne Viruses
247(18)
6.2.1 Viruses with Abiotic Transmission
248(1)
6.2.2 Viruses with Biotic Transmission
249(5)
6.2.2.1 Viruses Transmitted by Fungal Vectors
249(3)
6.2.2.2 Viruses Transmitted by Nematode Vectors
252(2)
6.2.3 Process of Infection
254(1)
6.2.4 Mechanisms of Transmission of Viruses by Vectors
255(3)
6.2.5 Movement of Viruses
258(4)
6.2.5.1 Movement of Viruses with Abiotic Transmission
258(1)
6.2.5.2 Movement of Viruses Transmitted by Fungal Vectors
259(2)
6.2.5.3 Movement of Viruses Transmitted by Nematode Vectors
261(1)
6.2.6 Role of RNA Silencing in Virus Disease Development
262(3)
References
265(8)
Chapter 7 Ecology and Epidemiology of Soilborne Microbial Plant Pathogens 273(42)
7.1 Nature and Functions of Soils
273(4)
7.1.1 Interactions of Microorganisms with Components of Soils
273(1)
7.1.1.1 Interactions among Microorganisms
273(1)
7.1.2 Pathogen Suppression in Soils
274(3)
7.2 Influence of Agricultural Practices On Soil Microorganisms
277(3)
7.2.1 Cropping Systems
277(1)
7.2.2 Tillage
278(1)
7.2.3 Application of Nutrients
278(1)
7.2.4 Irrigation Practices
278(2)
7.3 Epidemiology of Soilborne Crop Diseases
280(24)
7.3.1 Components of Epidemics of Soilborne Diseases
281(23)
7.3.1.1 Dynamics of Fungal Pathogen-Host Plant Interactions
281(15)
7.3.1.2 Dynamics of Host-Bacterial Pathogen Interactions
296(5)
7.3.1.3 Dynamics of Host-Viral Pathogen Interactions
301(3)
7.4 Forecasting Systems For Diseases Caused by Soilborne Microbial Pathogens
304(4)
7.4.1 Pathogen-Based Forecasting
305(1)
7.4.2 Pathogen Distribution-Based Forecasting
306(1)
7.4.3 Environment-Based Forecasting
306(2)
7.4.4 Management-Based Forecasting
308(1)
References
308(7)
Index 315
Prof. P. Narayanasamy was awarded the B.Sc.(Ag.) (1958), M.Sc.(Ag.) (1960), and Ph.D. (1963) degrees by the University of Madras and later the Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship to pursue Postdoctoral research on Rice Virus diseases at the International Rice Research Institute, Philippines during 1966 1967. He served as the Virus Pathologist at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during 1969 1970. He returned to his Alma Mater which was upgraded as the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore in 1971. He was appointed as the Associate Professor and promoted later as the Professor and Head of the Department of Plant Pathology. He was elected as the Fellow of Indian Phytopathological Society, New Delhi. He functioned as the Editor of the Madras Agricultural Journal published from the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Campus and as member of editorial committees of the Plant Pathology Journals published in India. He was invited to participate as the lead speaker and chairman of sessions in the National Seminars held in India.

As a researcher in Plant Pathology, he was the leader of the projects on diseases of rice, legumes and oilseeds. He organized the National Seminar for the Management of Diseases of Oilseed Crops. His research on antiviral principles yielded practical solutions for the management of virus diseases affecting various crops. He published over 200 research papers in national and international journals. He was the Principal Investigator of several research projects funded by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi and the International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India. He continues to share his experience and knowledge with the staff and graduate students of the Department of Plant Pathology, TNAU, Coimbatore. As a teacher, he taught courses on Plant Virology, Molecular Biology, Physiopathology, and Crop disease management for Master and Doctoral programs. Under his guidance, graduate students (25) and research scholars (15) earned Master and Doctoral Degrees respectively. With long experience and in-depth knowledge on various aspects of microbial plant pathogens and crop disease management, he has authored 18 books published by leading publishers like Marcel Dekker, John Wiley, Science Publishers, The Haworth Press, and Springer Science. These publications cover various aspects of Plant Pathology and serve as source of information and well received by the intended audience.

As the social obligation, he is deeply involved in the social welfare activities to help the orphaned old and infirm people, as well as children through Udavum Karangal (Coimbatore), HelpAge (New Delhi), Global Cancer Concern (New Delhi), CRY (Bangalore), and The Hindu Mission Hospital (Chennai) to lessen the sufferings of needy persons. As one interested in literature and spirituality, he has composed poems in Tamil and English and published two collections of poems to inculcate self confidence in the youth and spiritual exploration for the mature people.
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