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E-raamat: Statistical Physics of Dense Plasmas: Elementary Processes and Phase Transitions [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

(Tokyo University Department of Physics)
  • Formaat: 192 pages, 5 Tables, black and white; 51 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Frontiers in Physics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Dec-2018
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9780429431210
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  • Taylor & Francis e-raamat
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Statistical Physics of Dense Plasmas: Elementary Processes and Phase TransitionsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 192 pages, 5 Tables, black and white; 51 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Frontiers in Physics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Dec-2018
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9780429431210
Teised raamatud teemal:
Taylor & Francis e-raamatudRohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta
This authoritative text offers a complete overview on the statistical mechanics and electrodynamics of physical processes in dense plasma systems. The author emphasizes laboratory-based experiments and astrophysical observations of plasma phenomena, elucidated through the fundamentals. The coverage encompasses relevant condensed matter physics, atomic physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics, including such key topics as phase transitions, transport, optical and nuclear processes. This essential resource also addresses exciting, cutting edge topics in the field, including metallic hydrogen, stellar and planetary magnetisms, pycnonuclear reactions, and gravitational waves.Scientists, researchers, and students in plasma physics, condensed matter physics, materials science, atomic physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics will benefit from this work. Setsuo Ichimaru is a distinguished professor at the University of Tokyo, and has been a visiting member at The Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), the Institute for Theoretical Physics at Johannes Kepler University, and the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics. He is a recipient of the Subramanyan Chandrasekhar Prize of Plasma Physics from the Association of Asia-Pacific Physical Societies and the Humboldt Research Award from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
Preface xi
1 Introduction 1(18)
1.1 Dense Plasmas in Nature
1(6)
1.1.1 Astrophysical Dense Plasmas
2(4)
1.1.2 Dense Plasmas in Laboratories
6(1)
1.2 Basic Parameters
7(3)
1.2.1 Classical OCP
8(1)
1.2.2 Electron Liquids at Metallic Densities
9(1)
1.3 Consequences on the Coulomb Interaction
10(9)
1.3.1 Scattering by Coulomb Forces
10(1)
1.3.2 Debye Screening
11(2)
1.3.3 The lon-Sphere Model
13(2)
1.3.4 Plasma Oscillation
15(2)
1.3.5 Collective Motion and Individual-Particles Behavior
17(2)
2 Fundamentals 19(20)
2.1 Density-Fluctuation Excitations
19(4)
2.1.1 System of Identical Particles
19(2)
2.1.2 Structure Factors and Correlation Energy
21(1)
2.1.3 System of Electrons at Metallic Densities
22(1)
2.2 Dielectric Formulation
23(9)
2.2.1 Density-Density Response Functions
24(1)
2.2.2 Correlations, Radial Distributions, and Statistical Thermodynamics
25(1)
2.2.3 Spin-Density Response
26(1)
2.2.4 The Hartree-Fock Approximation
26(1)
2.2.5 The Random-Phase Approximation
27(1)
2.2.6 Collective versus Individual-Particles Aspects of Fluctuations
28(1)
2.2.7 Strong Coupling Effects
29(3)
2.3 Density-Functional Theory
32(4)
2.3.1 Kohn-Sham Self-Consistent Equations
32(2)
2.3.2 Thermodynamic Potentials
34(2)
2.4 Computer Simulation Methods
36(3)
2.4.1 Monte Carlo Approaches
36(1)
2.4.2 Molecular Dynamics Simulations
36(1)
2.4.3 Other Approaches
37(2)
3 Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves 39(14)
3.1 Scattering by Individual Particles
39(3)
3.1.1 Cross-Section of Thomson Scattering
40(1)
3.1.2 Doppler Effect
40(2)
3.2 Incoherent Scattering by Correlated Particles
42(1)
3.3 Radar Backscattering from the Ionosphere
43(2)
3.3.1 Observations by Bowles
43(1)
3.3.2 Observations by Pineo, Kraft, and Briscoe
44(1)
3.4 Collective Phenomena in Electron-and-lon Plasmas
45(4)
3.4.1 Dielectric Response Function
46(1)
3.4.2 Dressed Particles
47(1)
3.4.3 lon-Acoustic Waves
48(1)
3.5 Plasma Critical Opalescence
49(1)
3.6 Observation of Plasma Waves in Warm Dense Matter
50(3)
4 Charged Particles or X-Rays Injected in Plasmas 53(18)
4.1 Characteristic Energy-Loss Spectroscopy
53(2)
4.2 Plasmon Dispersion
55(3)
4.2.1 Plasmon Dispersion Coefficient
56(1)
4.2.2 Measured Values
57(1)
4.2.3 Theoretical Estimates
57(1)
4.3 Stopping Power and Wake Potential
58(4)
4.3.1 Induced Density Variations
59(2)
4.3.2 Induced Potential
61(1)
4.3.3 Stopping Power
61(1)
4.4 Ion Clusters Injected in Metals
62(1)
4.4.1 Injection into Thin Foils
62(1)
4.4.2 Advanced Wakefield Experiment
62(1)
4.5 X-Ray Crystallography
63(1)
4.6 Observation of Laue Patterns in Coulomb Glasses
63(6)
4.6.1 Madelung Energy
63(1)
4.6.2 Layered Structures at Various Quenches
64(2)
4.6.3 Laue Patterns for Glasses
66(3)
4.7 X-Ray Thomson Scattering and Time-Resolved XANES Diagnostic with High Energy Density Plasmas
69(2)
5 Thermodynamics of Classical OCP and Quantum Electron Liquids 71(8)
5.1 Radial Distribution Functions and Correlation Energies
71(2)
5.1.1 Correlation Energy in the RPA
72(1)
5.1.2 Multi-Particle Correlation
73(1)
5.2 OCP Thermodynamic Functions
73(2)
5.2.1 OCP Free Energy
74(1)
5.2.2 OCP pressure
74(1)
5.2.3 Solid Free Energy
74(1)
5.2.4 Wigner Crystallization
75(1)
5.3 Equations of State for Quantum Electron Liquids
75(3)
5.3.1 Ideal-Gas Contributions
75(1)
5.3.2 Exchange-Correlation Contributions
76(1)
5.3.3 Origin of Cohesive Forces
77(1)
5.4 Freezing and Ferromagnetic Transitions in Electron Liquid
78(1)
6 Phase Diagrams of Hydrogen 79(12)
6.1 States of Hydrogen
79(3)
6.1.1 Molecular Hydrogen
80(1)
6.1.2 Pressure Ionization
80(1)
6.1.3 Laboratory Realization of Metallic Hydrogen
81(1)
6.1.4 Metallic Hydrogen in Astrophysical Objects
81(1)
6.1.5 Nuclear Reactions
81(1)
6.2 Equations of State for Hydrogen
82(2)
6.2.1 Molecular Fluids
82(1)
6.2.2 Molecular Solids
83(1)
6.3 Phases of Hydrogen Matter
84(2)
6.3.1 Equations of State for the Fluid Phase
84(1)
6.3.2 Short-Range Screening by Electrons
85(1)
6.4 Coexistence Curves and Thermodynamics
86(2)
6.4.1 Phase Diagram and Coexistence Curves
87(1)
6.4.2 Thermodynamics across the MI Transitions
88(1)
6.5 Metal-Insulator Transitions
88(3)
7 Transport Processes 91(12)
7.1 Electric and Thermal Resistivity
91(4)
7.1.1 Parameterized Formulae
92(1)
7.1.2 Generalized Coulomb Logarithms
92(1)
7.1.3 Screened Potentials
93(1)
7.1.4 The IRS Parameter
94(1)
7.2 Ultrahigh-Pressure Metal Physics Experiments
95(4)
7.2.1 Interpreting the Experiments
95(1)
7.2.2 Compression and Metallization
96(1)
7.2.3 Examining the Data
97(1)
7.2.4 The First-Order MI Transitions Justified
98(1)
7.3 Jovian Interiors and Excess Infrared Luminosity
99(4)
7.3.1 Structure of Jupiter
100(1)
7.3.2 Origins of the Excess Luminosity
101(1)
7.3.3 The MI Transitions and Luminosity
101(2)
8 Stellar and Planetary Magnetism 103(6)
8.1 Jovian Magnetic Activities
103(2)
8.1.1 Metallic Hydrogen in Jupiter
103(1)
8.1.2 Magnetic Reynolds Number
104(1)
8.1.3 Magnetic Activities
104(1)
8.2 Ferromagnetic and Freezing Transitions in Metallic Hydrogen
105(1)
8.2.1 Equations of State with Spin Polarization
105(1)
8.2.2 Phase Diagrams with Spin Polarization
105(1)
8.3 Nuclear Ferromagnetism with Magnetic White Dwarfs
105(4)
8.3.1 Hydrogen with Magnetic White Dwarfs
105(2)
8.3.2 Origin of Strong Magnetization
107(1)
8.3.3 Field Amplification by Stellar Rotation
107(2)
9 Nuclear Fusion in Metallic Hydrogen 109(16)
9.1 Thermonuclear and Pycnonuclear Reactions
110(7)
9.1.1 Scattering by the Coulomb Potential
110(1)
9.1.2 Probability of Penetration-Bare Coulomb Repulsion
111(1)
9.1.3 Cross-Section Factor
112(1)
9.1.4 Probability of Penetration-Screened Coulomb Repulsion
113(2)
9.1.5 Rates of Thermonuclear Reactions
115(1)
9.1.6 Rates of Pycnonuclear Reactions
116(1)
9.2 Solar Processes and Inertial-Confinement Fusion
117(1)
9.2.1 Inertial-Confinement Fusion
117(1)
9.2.2 The p-p Chain
117(1)
9.3 Enhancement of Nuclear Reactions in Metallic Fluids
118(3)
9.3.1 Enhancement Due to Coulomb Correlation
118(1)
9.3.2 Enhancement Factor
119(2)
9.3.3 Rates of Nuclear Reactions in Dense Plasmas
121(1)
9.4 "Supernova on the Earth"
121(4)
9.4.1 Adiabatic Compression
121(1)
9.4.2 Metallization
122(1)
9.4.3 Feasibility Experiment
122(1)
9.4.4 Power-Production Experiment
123(2)
10 Phase Diagrams of Nuclear Matter 125(4)
10.1 Deconfinement of Quarks from Nucleons
125(1)
10.1.1 Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Experiments
125(1)
10.1.2 The Oldest Phase of Matter
126(1)
10.2 Phases of Nuclear Matter
126(1)
10.2.1 Phase Diagrams
126(1)
10.2.2 Deconfinement versus Metallization
126(1)
10.3 Structure of a Neutron Star
127(2)
10.3.1 Three-Part Structure
127(1)
10.3.2 Non-Radial Oscillations
128(1)
10.3.3 Central Core
128(1)
11 Plasma Phenomena around Neutron Stars and Black Holes 129(26)
11.1 Pulsars
130(2)
11.1.1 Discovery
130(1)
11.1.2 Characteristic Features
130(2)
11.1.3 Crab and Vela Pulsars
132(1)
11.2 Rotating Magnetic Neutron Stars
132(8)
11.2.1 What Are the Pulsars?
132(1)
11.2.2 Pulsar Magnetic Field
133(1)
11.2.3 Spinning Down of Pulsars by Magnetic Dipole Radiation
134(1)
11.2.4 Spinning Down of Crab Pulsar and the Crab Nebula Activities
135(1)
11.2.5 Constructing the Radio Beams
136(2)
11.2.6 Creating the Plasmas
138(1)
11.2.7 A Pulsar Emission Mechanism
139(1)
11.3 X-Ray Pulsars
140(4)
11.3.1 Close Binary Systems
140(1)
11.3.2 Accretion
141(2)
11.3.3 Cyclotron Resonance Scattering Feature
143(1)
11.3.4 Accretion Model of X-ray Pulsars
143(1)
11.4 Black Hole Model of Cygnus X-1
144(6)
11.4.1 Energy Spectra and Variability of X-ray Emission
144(1)
11.4.2 Mass Estimate
145(2)
11.4.3 Plasma Accretion to a Black Hole
147(1)
11.4.4 A Black Hole Model of Cyg X-1 Observation
148(2)
11.5 Stellar-Mass Black Holes and Supermassive Black Holes
150(5)
11.5.1 Microquasars
150(1)
11.5.2 Supermassive Black Hole in the Galaxy
151(1)
11.5.3 Burst of γ-ray from a Supermassive Black Hole Breaking Apart and Swallowing a Nearby Star
152(3)
12 Dawn of Gravitational-Wave Astronomy 155(8)
12.1 Hulse-Taylor Binary Pulsars
156(1)
12.2 GW150915: The First Signals for LIGO
156(3)
12.2.1 Information Extracted from the Signals
157(2)
12.2.2 Items to Be Ensured with the Signals
159(1)
12.3 Observation of Colliding Binary Neutron Stars
159(4)
Appendix I: The 6-Functions 163(2)
Appendix II: Fourier Analyses and Application 165(4)
Appendix III: The Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem 169(4)
Appendix IV: Fermi Integrals 173(2)
Appendix V: Functional Derivatives 175(2)
References 177(8)
Index 185
Setsuo Ichimaru is Professor Emeritus at the University of Tokyo, where he was a faculty member for nearly fifty years. He earned his doctorate in physics from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He is a world renowned expert in the area of statistical physics of plasmas, and was the 2014 recipient of the Subramanyan Chandrasekhar Prize of Plasma Physics from the Association of Asia-Pacific Physical Societies. He was also awarded the Humboldt-Forschungspreis prize from Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung. He was a visiting member at The Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, a Visiting Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of California, San Diego, and a guest professor at the Institute for Theoretical Physics at Johannes Kepler University, and the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics.
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