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E-raamat: Substation Automation Systems - Design and Implementation: Design and Implementation [Wiley Online]

  • Formaat: 272 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Nov-2015
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1118987217
  • ISBN-13: 9781118987216
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Wiley Online
  • Hind: 137,45 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
Substation Automation Systems - Design and Implementation: Design and ImplementationSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 272 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Nov-2015
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1118987217
  • ISBN-13: 9781118987216
Teised raamatud teemal:
Wiley Online e-raamatudRohkem infot Wiley Online kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118987216

Substation Automation Systems: Design and Implementation aims to close the gap created by fast changing technologies impacting on a series of legacy principles related to how substation secondary systems are conceived and implemented. It is intended to help those who have to define and implement SAS, whilst also conforming to the current industry best practice standards.

Key features:

  • Project-oriented approach to all practical aspects of SAS design and project development.
  • Uniquely focusses on the rapidly changing control aspect of substation design, using novel communication technologies and IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices).
  • Covers the complete chain of SAS components and related equipment instead of purely concentrating on intelligent electronic devices and communication networks.
  • Discusses control and monitoring facilities for auxiliary power systems.
  • Contributes significantly to the understanding of the standard IEC 61850, which is viewed as a “black box” for a significant number of professionals around the world.
  • Explains standard IEC 61850 – Communication networks and systems for power utility automation – to support all new systems networked to perform control, monitoring, automation, metering and protection functions.

Written for practical application, this book is a valuable resource for professionals operating within different SAS project stages including the: specification process; contracting process; design and engineering process; integration process; testing process and the operation and maintenance process.

Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
List of Abbreviations xix
1 Historical Evolution of Substation Automation Systems (SASS) 1(8)
1.1 Emerging Communication Technologies
4(1)
1.1.1 Serial Communication
4(1)
1.1.2 Local Area Network
4(1)
1.2 Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs)
5(1)
1.2.1 Functional Relays
5(1)
1.2.2 Integrated Digital Units
5(1)
1.3 Networking Media
5(1)
1.3.1 Fiber-Optic Cables
5(1)
1.3.2 Network Switches
5(1)
1.4 Communication Standards
6(2)
1.4.1 IEC Standard 61850 (Communication Networks and Systems for Power Utility Automation)
6(1)
1.4.2 IEEE Standard 802.3 (Ethernet)
6(2)
Further Reading
8(1)
2 Main Functions of Substation Automation Systems 9(10)
2.1 Control Function
14(1)
2.2 Monitoring Function
15(1)
2.3 Alarming Function
16(1)
2.4 Measurement Function
17(1)
2.5 Setting and Monitoring of Protective Relays
17(1)
2.6 Control and Monitoring of the Auxiliary Power System
17(1)
2.7 Voltage Regulation
18(1)
Further Reading
18(1)
3 Impact of the IEC 61850 Standard on SAS Projects 19(10)
3.1 Impact on System Implementation Philosophy
21(1)
3.2 Impact on User Specification
21(2)
3.3 Impact on the Overall Procurement Process
23(1)
3.4 Impact on the Engineering Process
23(1)
3.5 Impact on Project Execution
23(1)
3.6 Impact on Utility Global Strategies
24(1)
3.7 The Contents of the Standard
24(1)
3.8 Dealing with the Standard
24(3)
Further Reading
27(2)
4 Switchyard Level, Equipment and Interfaces 29(20)
4.1 Primary Equipment
29(10)
4.1.1 Switchgear
31(3)
4.1.1.1 Circuit Breaker
31(1)
4.1.1.2 Disconnector
32(1)
4.1.1.3 Earthing Switch
33(1)
4.1.2 Instrument Transformers
34(1)
4.1.2.1 Voltage Transformer
34(1)
4.1.2.2 Current Transformer
34(1)
4.1.3 Power Transformers
35(3)
4.1.4 Other Primary Equipment
38(1)
4.2 Medium and Low Voltage Components
39(1)
4.3 Electrical Connections between Primary Equipment
40(3)
4.3.1 Incoming Circuits
42(1)
4.3.2 Outgoing Circuits
42(1)
4.3.3 The "Bay" Concept
43(1)
4.4 Substation Physical Layout
43(1)
4.5 Control Requirements at Switchyard Level
44(2)
Further Reading
46(3)
5 Bay Level: Components and Incident Factors 49(16)
5.1 Environmental and Operational Factors
49(8)
5.1.1 Lightning Strike
49(1)
5.1.2 Switching Transients
50(1)
5.1.2.1 Disconnector Operation
50(1)
5.1.2.2 Circuit Breaker Operation
51(1)
5.1.3 Electromagnetic Disturbance Phenomenon
51(1)
5.1.4 Lightning Protection Practices
52(2)
5.1.5 Typical Earthing Systems
54(2)
5.1.6 Measures to Minimize Electromagnetic Effects
56(1)
5.2 Insulation Considerations in the Secondary System
57(1)
5.3 Switchyard Control Rooms
57(2)
5.4 Attributes of Control Cubicles
59(1)
5.4.1 Constructive Features
59(1)
5.4.2 Earthquake Withstand Capability
59(1)
5.4.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility
60(1)
5.5 The Bay Controller (BC)
60(1)
5.6 Other Bay Level Components
61(1)
5.7 Process Bus
62(1)
Further Reading
63(2)
6 Station Level: Facilities and Functions 65(14)
6.1 Main Control House
65(2)
6.2 Station Controller
67(1)
6.3 Human Machine Interface HMI
68(5)
6.3.1 Start-Up Screen
69(1)
6.3.2 Main Box Screen
69(1)
6.3.3 Users Administrator Screen
69(2)
6.3.4 Primary Circuit Screen (Process Screen)
71(1)
6.3.5 SAS Scheme Screen
71(1)
6.3.6 Event List Screen
71(1)
6.3.7 Alarm List Screen
72(1)
6.4 External Alarming
73(1)
6.5 Time Synchronization Facility
74(1)
6.6 Protocol Conversion Task
74(3)
6.6.1 Briefing on Digital Communication Protocols
75(1)
6.6.2 Premises for Developing Protocol Conversion
76(1)
6.7 Station Bus
77(1)
6.8 Station LAN
77(1)
Further Reading
77(2)
7 System Functionalities 79(12)
7.1 Control Function
79(7)
7.1.1 Control of Primary Switchgear
81(1)
7.1.1.1 Symbols, Colors and Appearance Representing Primary Switchgear
81(1)
7.1.1.2 Switching Command Implementation
81(1)
7.1.1.3 Supervision of Circuit Breaker Trip Circuit
82(1)
7.1.2 Check of Voltage Synchronization (Synchrocheck)
82(1)
7.1.3 Checking Operative Constraint
83(1)
7.1.3.1 Checking of Interlocking Conditions
83(1)
7.1.3.2 Checking of Blocking Conditions
84(1)
7.1.4 Voltage Regulation Task
84(1)
7.1.5 Parallel Working of Power Transformers
85(1)
7.1.6 Operation of Secondary Components
85(1)
7.1.7 Facilities for Operation under Emergency Conditions
86(1)
7.2 Monitoring Function
86(2)
7.2.1 Event Handling
86(1)
7.2.2 External Disturbance Recording
87(1)
7.2.3 Alarming Management
87(1)
7.3 Protection Function
88(1)
7.4 Measuring Function
89(1)
7.5 Metering Function
89(1)
7.6 Report Generation Function
89(1)
7.7 Device Parameterization Function
90(1)
Further Reading
90(1)
8 System Inputs and Outputs 91(12)
8.1 Signals Associated with Primary Equipment
91(4)
8.1.1 Switchgear
91(1)
8.1.1.1 Signals Associated with Circuit Breakers
91(1)
8.1.1.2 Signals Associated with Disconnectors
92(1)
8.1.1.3 Signals Associated with Earthing Switches
92(1)
8.1.2 Instrument Transformers
92(3)
8.1.2.1 Signals Associated with Voltage Transformers
92(3)
8.1.2.2 Signals Associated with Current Transformers
95(1)
8.1.3 Power Transformers
95(1)
8.2 Signals Associated with the Auxiliary Power System
95(7)
8.2.1 Signals Associated with MV Circuit Breakers
95(2)
8.2.2 Signals Associated with MV Distribution Transformers
97(1)
8.2.3 Signals Associated with LV Circuit Breakers
97(1)
8.2.4 Signals Associated with Distribution Center "A"
98(1)
8.2.5 Signals Associated with Distribution Center "B"
98(1)
8.2.6 Signals Associated with AC Distribution Cubicles for Essential Loads
98(2)
8.2.7 Signals Associated with Diesel Generators
100(1)
8.2.8 Signals Associated with AC Distribution Cubicles for Nonessential Loads
100(1)
8.2.9 Signals Associated with DC Transfer Switches
101(1)
8.2.10 Signals Associated with DC Distribution Cubicles
101(1)
8.2.11 Signals Associated with Each Voltage Level of Batteries and Chargers
101(1)
8.3 Signals Associated with Collateral Systems
102(1)
9 System Engineering 103(20)
9.1 Overall System Engineering
103(8)
9.1.1 System General Concept
104(1)
9.1.2 System Topology
104(1)
9.1.3 Opportune Clarifications
105(2)
9.1.4 Premises for Engineering Work
107(2)
9.1.5 Signals Lists
109(3)
9.1.5.1 Signals List Related to the Bay Controller
110(1)
9.1.5.2 Signals List Related to Bay Controller of the Auxiliary Power System
110(1)
9.1.5.3 Signals List Related to the Station Controller
110(1)
9.1.5.4 Signals List for Communication with the NCC
110(1)
9.1.5.5 Point to Point Signals List (For Each Bay)
110(1)
9.1.5.6 Signals Lists Related to Equipment and Systems
111(1)
9.2 Bay Level Engineering
111(1)
9.3 Station Level Engineering
112(4)
9.3.1 Engineering Related to the Station Controller
113(1)
9.3.1.1 Definition and Implementation of the Station Level Database (Process Database)
113(1)
9.3.1.2 Implementation of Redundant Solutions
114(1)
9.3.2 Engineering Related to the Human Machine Interface
114(2)
9.3.2.1 General Design Principles
115(1)
9.3.2.2 Typical Screens
115(1)
9.3.2.3 Operative Features
116(1)
9.4 Functionalities Engineering
116(2)
9.4.1 Interlocking Engineering
116(1)
9.4.2 Voltage Regulation Engineering
117(1)
9.4.3 Protection Engineering
117(1)
9.4.4 Metering Engineering
117(1)
9.4.5 Disturbance Recording Engineering
117(1)
9.4.6 System Self-Monitoring Engineering
118(1)
9.5 Auxiliary Power System Engineering
118(2)
9.5.1 Design Concept
118(1)
9.5.2 AC Voltage Distribution
118(1)
9.5.3 DC Voltage Distribution
119(1)
9.5.4 Batteries and Chargers
119(1)
9.5.5 Medium Voltage Switchgear
119(1)
9.5.6 Automatic Transfer Switches
119(1)
9.6 Project Drawings List
120(1)
9.7 The SAS Engineering Process from the Standard IEC 61850 Perspective
120(1)
Further Reading
120(3)
10 Communication with the Remote Control Center 123(8)
10.1 Communication Pathway
123(1)
10.2 Brief on Digital Communication
123(4)
10.2.1 The OSI Reference Model
124(3)
10.2.2 The IEC Enhanced Performance Architecture Model
127(1)
10.3 Overview of the Distributed Network Protocol (DNP3)
127(2)
10.3.1 The Device Profile Document
128(1)
10.3.2 The DNP3 Implementation Level
128(1)
10.3.3 The DNP3 Implementation Document
128(1)
Further Reading
129(2)
11 System Attributes 131(10)
11.1 System Concept
131(1)
11.2 Network Topology
132(2)
11.3 Redundancy Options
134(1)
11.4 Quality Attributes
135(3)
11.4.1 System Reliability and Availability
135(3)
11.4.1.1 Considerations of the Standards
136(1)
11.4.1.2 Example of an Availability Calculation
136(2)
11.4.2 System Maintainability and Security
138(1)
11.5 Provisions for Extendibility in Future
138(1)
11.6 Cyber-Security Considerations
139(1)
11.7 SAS Performance Requirements
139(1)
Further Reading
140(1)
12 Tests on SAS Components 141(4)
12.1 Type Tests
141(2)
12.1.1 Basic Characteristics Tests
141(2)
12.1.2 Functional Tests
143(1)
12.2 Acceptance Tests
143(1)
12.3 Tests for Checking the Compliance with the Standard IEC 61850
144(1)
Further Reading
144(1)
13 Factory Acceptance Tests 145(10)
13.1 Test Arrangement
145(1)
13.2 System Simulator
145(1)
13.3 Hardware Description
145(1)
13.4 Software Identification
146(1)
13.5 Test Instruments
146(1)
13.6 Documentation to be Available
146(1)
13.7 Checking System Features
146(4)
13.7.1 Checking Basic Features
147(1)
13.7.2 Checking Power Circuit Screens
147(1)
13.7.3 Checking the SAS Scheme Screen
148(1)
13.7.4 Checking Reports Screens (Each Type)
148(1)
13.7.5 Checking Measurement Screens
148(1)
13.7.6 Checking Time Synchronization Facilities
149(1)
13.7.7 Checking of Self-Supervision Functions
149(1)
13.7.8 Checking Peripheral Devices
149(1)
13.7.9 Checking Collateral Subsystems
149(1)
13.7.10 Checking Redundant Functionalities
149(1)
13.8 Planned Testing Program for FAT
150(3)
13.8.1 System Behavior in an Avalanche Condition
150(1)
13.8.2 System Performance
150(2)
13.8.3 Test of the Time Synchronization Mechanism
152(1)
13.8.4 Test of Event Buffer Capability
152(1)
13.8.5 Interlocking Logics
152(1)
13.8.6 Synchronization Features
152(1)
13.8.7 Operational Logic of Transfer Switch
152(1)
13.8.8 Tests on the Communication Link for Technical Service
152(1)
13.9 Nonstructured FATs
153(1)
13.10 After FATs
153(1)
Further Reading
153(2)
14 Commissioning Process 155(10)
14.1 Hardware Description
156(1)
14.2 Software Identification
157(1)
14.3 Test Instruments
157(1)
14.4 Required Documentation
157(1)
14.5 Engineering Tools
157(1)
14.6 Spare Parts
157(1)
14.7 Planned Commissioning Tests
158(4)
14.7.1 System Start-Up
158(1)
14.7.2 Displaying and Exploring the Main Menu Screen
158(1)
14.7.3 Displaying and Dealing with Single-Line Diagrams
158(1)
14.7.4 Displaying and Dealing with the SAS Scheme Screen
159(1)
14.7.5 Displaying and Dealing with Report Screens
160(1)
14.7.6 Displaying and Dealing with Measurement Screens
160(1)
14.7.7 Displaying and Exploring the Alarm List Screen
160(1)
14.7.8 Displaying and Exploring the Event List Screen
161(1)
14.7.9 Checking Peripheral Components
161(1)
14.7.10 Checking the Time Synchronization Mechanism
161(1)
14.7.11 Testing Communication with the Remote Control Center
161(1)
14.7.12 Checking System Performance
161(1)
14.7.13 Testing Functional Performance
162(1)
14.8 Nonstructured Commissioning Tests
162(1)
14.9 List of Pending Points
162(1)
14.10 Re-Commissioning
163(1)
Further Reading
163(2)
15 Training Strategies for Power Utilities 165(10)
15.1 Project-Related Training
166(3)
15.1.1 Station Level Module
166(1)
15.1.2 Bay Level Module
167(2)
15.1.3 Process Level Module
169(1)
15.2 Corporate Training
169(4)
15.2.1 General Purpose Knowledge
169(2)
15.2.2 Learning from the Standard IEC 61850
171(1)
15.2.3 Dealing with Engineering Tools
172(1)
Further Reading
173(2)
16 Planning and Development of SAS Projects 175(12)
16.1 System Specification
176(1)
16.2 Contracting Process
176(2)
16.3 Definition of the Definitive Solution
178(1)
16.4 Design and Engineering
178(1)
16.5 System Integration
179(1)
16.6 Factory Acceptance Tests
179(1)
16.7 Site Installation
180(1)
16.8 Commissioning Process
180(1)
16.9 Project Management
181(1)
16.10 Security Issues
182(2)
16.10.1 Environmental Security
182(1)
16.10.2 Electromagnetic Security
183(1)
16.10.3 Physical Security
183(1)
16.10.4 Information Security
183(1)
16.10.5 Software Security
184(1)
16.11 Documentation and Change Control
184(1)
Further Reading
185(2)
17 Quality Management for SAS Projects 187(10)
17.1 Looking for Quality in Component Capabilities and Manufacturing
188(1)
17.1.1 The Dilemma with Respect to Type Tests
188(1)
17.1.2 The Importance of Factory Conformance Tests
189(1)
17.2 Looking for Quality during the Engineering Stage
189(2)
17.3 Looking for Quality in the Cubicle Assembly Stage
191(1)
17.4 Looking for Quality during FAT
192(1)
17.5 Looking for Quality during Installation and Commissioning
192(1)
17.6 Use of Appropriate Device Documentation
192(4)
Further Reading
196(1)
18 SAS Engineering Process According to Standard IEC 61850 197(6)
18.1 SCL Files
197(1)
18.2 Engineering Tools
198(1)
18.3 Engineering Process
199(3)
Further Reading
202(1)
19 Future Technological Trends 203(4)
19.1 Toward the Full Digital Substation
203(1)
19.1.1 Horizontal Communication as per IEC 61850 (GOOSE Messaging)
203(1)
19.1.2 Unconventional Instrument Transformers
204(1)
19.1.3 Process Bus as Defined by IEC 61850-9-2
204(1)
19.2 Looking for New Testing Strategies on SAS Schemes
204(1)
19.3 Wide Area Control and Monitoring Based on the IEC/TR 61850-90-5
205(1)
19.4 Integration of IEC 61850 Principles into Innovative Smart Grid Solutions
206(1)
Further Reading
206(1)
Appendix A Samples of Equipment and System Signal Lists 207(4)
A.1 Signals List Related to Circuit Breakers (Each One)
207(1)
A.2 Signals List Related to Collateral Devices
208(1)
A.3 Signals List Related to the Auxiliary Power System
209(1)
A.4 Signals List Related to the SAS Itself
210(1)
Appendix B Project Drawing List: Titles and Contents 211(20)
B.1 General Interest Drawings
211(2)
B.2 Electromechanical Drawings (High Voltage Equipment and Control Facilities)
213(2)
B.3 Electromechanical Drawings (Control, Protection, Measurement and Communications)
215(8)
B.4 Electromechanical Drawings (Auxiliary Power System)
223(8)
Appendix C Essential Tips Related to Networking Technology 231(16)
C.1 Computer Network
231(4)
C.1.1 Data
232(3)
C.1.1.1 Meaning of Data, Information and Knowledge
232(1)
C.1.1.2 Data Modeling
233(1)
C.1.1.3 Data Type
234(1)
C.1.1.4 Network Packet
234(1)
C.2 Network Topology
235(2)
C.2.1 Network Links
235(1)
C.2.1.1 Wired Technologies
235(1)
C.2.1.2 Wireless Technologies
235(1)
C.2.2 Network Nodes
235(1)
C.2.3 Network Interface Controllers
236(1)
C.2.4 Repeaters and Hubs
236(1)
C.2.5 Bridges
236(1)
C.2.6 Switches
236(1)
C.2.7 Routers
236(1)
C.2.8 Modems
236(1)
C.3 Network Structure
237(1)
C.3.1 Common Network Layouts
237(1)
C.4 Communication Protocols
237(3)
C.4.1 Ethernet
237(1)
C.4.2 The Internet Protocol Suite
238(1)
C.4.3 SONET/SDH
238(1)
C.4.4 Asynchronous Transfer Mode
238(1)
C.4.5 Basic Requirements of Protocols
239(1)
C.5 Geographical Scale of Network
240(1)
C.5.1 Local Area Network
240(1)
C.5.2 Backbone Network
240(1)
C.5.3 Wide Area Network
241(1)
C.5.4 Intranet
241(1)
C.5.5 Extranet
241(1)
C.6 Internetwork
241(4)
C.6.1 Internet
241(1)
C.6.2 Routing
242(1)
C.6.3 Network Service
242(1)
C.6.4 Network Performance
243(1)
C.6.4.1 Quality of Service
243(1)
C.6.4.2 Network Congestion
243(1)
C.6.4.3 Network Resilience
243(1)
C.6.5 Security Measures in Networks
243(1)
C.6.5.1 Network Security
243(1)
C.6.5.2 Network Surveillance
244(1)
C.6.5.3 End-to-End Encryption
244(1)
C.6.6 Views of the Network
244(1)
C.7 Network Structure
245(1)
C.8 Communication System
245(1)
C.9 Object-Oriented Programming
245(1)
C.10 Programming Tool or Software Development Tool
246(1)
Index 247
Evelio Padilla, ELEUNION, Caracas, Venezuela With over a decade of experience in substation control systems, Evelio Padilla has project managed numerous substation designs and constructions and has written several relevant technical publications. He is currently a consultant at ELEUNION C.A., which is dedicated to supplying high and medium voltage apparatus and components to electrical utilities and general industries. Previously, as Substation Division Manager at EDELCA (now CORPOELEC), he was responsible for design and construction of substations including technical specification, bids analysis, contracting procedure, review of detailed design, follow-up on the milestones, follow-up on the site work progress regularly. He was also Head of Substation Engineering Department, responsible for basic design of high voltage substations including preparation of technical specification for purchase order of secondary items, bids analysis, review of detailed design.
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