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E-raamat: Sufi Commentaries on the Qur'an in Classical Islam [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

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Meeting the ever increasing interest in Islam and Sufism, this book is the first comprehensive study of Sufi Qur’anic commentaries and includes translations of many writings previously unavailable in English. It examines the shared hermeneutical assumptions of Sufi writers and the diversity in style of Sufi commentaries. Some of the assumptions analyzed are:

* the Qur’an is a multi-layered and ambiguous text open to endless interpretation

* the knowledge of deeper meanings of the Qur’an is attainable by means other than transmitted interpretations and rational thought

* the self is dynamic, moving through states and stations which result in different interpretations at different times.

The styles of Sufi commentaries are explored, which range from philosophical musings to popular preaching to literary narrative and poetry. Other commentaries from the classical period are also investigated to provide context in understanding Sufi approaches and exegetical styles.

Acknowledgments viii
Introduction 1(4)
PART I Hermeneutics 5(60)
1 The Qur'an as the ocean of all knowledge
7(7)
The hadith of Ibn Mas'ud
8(4)
Sayings from 'Ali and Ja'far al-Sadiq
12(2)
2 The Qur'anic text and ambiguity: verse 3:7
14(15)
The clear and ambiguous verses (muhkamat wa mutashabihat)
14(3)
Those in whose hearts is a turning away and those who are firmly rooted in knowledge (al-rasikhun fi'l-ilm)
17(12)
3 Uncovering meaning: knowledge and spiritual practice
29(6)
Reading the Qur'an with presence of the heart (hudar al-qalb)
30(5)
4 Methods of interpretation
35(12)
Abu Nasr al-Sarraj and the methods of understanding (fahm) and allusion (ishara)
35(2)
Al-Ghazali and the method of striking similitudes (darb al-mithal)
37(2)
Ibn 'Arabi and the method of allusion (ishara)
39(3)
Al-Nisaburi and al-Kashani and the method of esoteric interpretation (ta'wil)
42(2)
Al-Simnani and commentary on the seven inner senses (tafsir al-butun al-sab'a)
44(3)
5 Attacking and defending Sufi Qur'anic interpretation
47(18)
The problem of distinguishing sound exegesis from exegesis by mere personal opinion (tafsir bi'l-ra'y)
47(1)
Al-Ghazali on tafsir bi'l-ra'y
48(2)
Ibn al-Jawzi and Ibn Taymiyya on the importance of transmitted information
50(5)
Ibn Taymiyya on sound interpretation of the Qur'an
55(1)
Al-Ghazali's defense of ta'wil
56(3)
Problems with al-Ghazali's defense of ta'wil
59(1)
Al-Ghazali's final defense of Sufi interpretation
60(5)
PART II Commentary 65(71)
6 Sufi commentators on the Qur'an
67(12)
Al-Tustari
68(1)
Al-Sulami
69(2)
Al-Qushayri
71(1)
Abu Hamid al-Ghazali
72(1)
Rashid al-Din al-Maybudi
73(1)
Ruzbihan al-Baqli
74(2)
Al-Kashani
76(1)
Al-Nisaburi
77(2)
7 Qur'anic verses 18:60-82: the story of Musa and al-Khadir
79(18)
Ilm laduni
82(6)
The journeys of Musa
88(7)
"I wanted," "we wanted," and "your Lord wanted"
95(2)
8 Qur'anic verses on Maryam
97(13)
Muharrar
97(4)
Prayer
101(4)
The virgin Maryam
105(5)
9 Qur'an 24:35 (The Light Verse)
110(30)
God is the light of the heavens and the earth
110(4)
Sufi interpretations of God is the light of the heavens and the earth
114(4)
The similitude of His/his light is as a niche
118(3)
Sufi interpretations of the similitude of His/his light is as a niche
121(15)
Conclusion 136(4)
Appendix: commentators on the Qur'an 140(5)
Al-Tabari
140(1)
Al-Zamakhshari
141(1)
Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
141(1)
Al-Qurtubi
142(1)
Ibn Taymiyya
143(2)
Glossary of terms 145(2)
Notes 147(30)
Works cited 177(9)
Index of Qur'anic verses 186(3)
Index of Ahadith and savings 189(2)
Index of selected names and terms 191


Sarah Lawrence College, USA