Foreword |
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xxv | |
Preface |
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xxvii | |
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1 | (30) |
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1 | (3) |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (3) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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Fishing vessels and small commercial vessels |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (8) |
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The history of marine radar |
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7 | (3) |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (1) |
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The current generation of radars |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (6) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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National and supra-national groups; the European Community |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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Radar for ships within Solas |
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21 | (2) |
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Radar for craft outside Solas |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (4) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (2) |
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Basis of performance calculations |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (3) |
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The system and the transmitter |
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31 | (64) |
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The operator and the system |
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31 | (13) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (4) |
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Integrated bridge systems |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (2) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (8) |
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44 | (3) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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Coherent-on-receive system |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (1) |
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Ambiguity; image frequency, prf constraints |
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50 | (1) |
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Typical station configuration |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (5) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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Influence of transmitter on system |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (2) |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (1) |
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Choice of other parameters |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (7) |
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60 | (4) |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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Scanner, qualitative description |
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67 | (21) |
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Plane and circularly polarised rays |
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67 | (2) |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (3) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (3) |
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Elevation performance; inverse cosecant squared reflectors |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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Beamshape and scanning losses |
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85 | (1) |
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Summary of scanner losses |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (2) |
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Quantitative scanner analysis |
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88 | (5) |
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Elevation performance, marine and VTS slotted arrays |
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88 | (2) |
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Inverse cosecant squared VTS scanners |
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90 | (2) |
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Azimuth radiation pattern |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (42) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (2) |
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Rotating joint or sliprings |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (6) |
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98 | (2) |
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100 | (4) |
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Superhet receiver and mixing |
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104 | (2) |
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Superheterodyne principle |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (1) |
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IF amplifier, demodulator and video sections |
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106 | (9) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (2) |
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Linear and square-law demodulators |
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109 | (1) |
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Factors affecting detection |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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Effect of range scale selection |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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Fast time constant, differentiator |
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113 | (2) |
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115 | (8) |
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115 | (1) |
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PD and PFA for target perception |
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116 | (1) |
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Digital conversion, detection cells |
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117 | (1) |
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Logical process of target detection |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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Detection decision process |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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Multiple sensors, track combiners |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (3) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (3) |
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130 | (3) |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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Radars for special purposes |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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Echo strength in free space |
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137 | (14) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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Passive reflector; radar cross section, radar range equation |
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138 | (3) |
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138 | (1) |
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Two-way free space radar range equation |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (1) |
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Range equations in practical form |
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141 | (2) |
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Extensions for practical environment |
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141 | (1) |
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Full radar range equation, dB |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (5) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (4) |
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Computer spreadsheet and charting |
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148 | (1) |
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Limitations of free space formulae |
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148 | (3) |
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Environmental effects on propagation |
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151 | (56) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (9) |
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152 | (2) |
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154 | (1) |
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Calculation of refraction factor from meteorological parameters |
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155 | (2) |
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Standard atmosphere; four-thirds Earth approximation |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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Super-refraction; high k; super-standard surface layer |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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Sub-refraction; low k; sub-standard surface layer |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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Conditions causing anaprop |
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160 | (1) |
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Measurement of refraction factor |
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161 | (2) |
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Ray geometry; geometrical optics |
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163 | (3) |
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163 | (2) |
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Importance of k depends on range |
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165 | (1) |
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Geometrical analysis, curved Earth |
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166 | (11) |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (2) |
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Path difference of indirect ray |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (1) |
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Variation of geometrical parameters with range |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (1) |
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Multipath peak and null ranges |
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176 | (1) |
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Effect on detection range |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (4) |
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177 | (1) |
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Approximate multipath ranges |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (2) |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (8) |
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Capillary and gravity waves |
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182 | (2) |
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Radar reflection, capillaries alone |
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184 | (1) |
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Radar reflection, gravity waves |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (2) |
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Forward reflection from the grazing point |
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189 | (7) |
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Reflection coefficient amplitude |
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189 | (1) |
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Reflection coefficient, ρ0, of smooth plane surface |
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189 | (2) |
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Reflection coefficient variation |
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191 | (2) |
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Reflection coefficient, ρs, of surface roughness |
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193 | (3) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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Atmospheric and precipitation losses |
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196 | (10) |
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196 | (2) |
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198 | (2) |
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200 | (1) |
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Fog, low cloud and sandstorms |
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201 | (2) |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (1) |
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Total atmospheric attenuation |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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Multipath of point targets |
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207 | (30) |
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207 | (2) |
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207 | (1) |
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Definition of multipath factor |
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208 | (1) |
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Correction for scanner elevation beamwidth |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (6) |
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209 | (3) |
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212 | (1) |
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Transition and diffraction boundary ranges |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (5) |
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Value of multipath factor |
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215 | (3) |
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Average value of multipath factor |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (3) |
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The nature of diffraction |
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220 | (1) |
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Calculation of diffraction |
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220 | (2) |
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Change of multipath factor with range |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (2) |
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223 | (1) |
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Solution of multipath equation |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (2) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (4) |
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General form of multipath/range relationship |
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227 | (1) |
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Rate of change of multipath factor at RA, calm sea |
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227 | (1) |
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Approximation for multipath factor in near transition region |
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228 | (2) |
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Approximate multipath factor near horizon |
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230 | (1) |
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Very low scanner or target |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (5) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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Sketching echo, fair weather |
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232 | (2) |
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Sketching echo, rough sea |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (48) |
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237 | (2) |
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Structure of RCS discussions |
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237 | (2) |
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Applications of point passive reflectors |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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Reflection from insulators |
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239 | (6) |
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239 | (2) |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (2) |
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Reflection from conductors |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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Target dimensions very many wavelengths |
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245 | (1) |
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Reflection from basic metal shapes |
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246 | (10) |
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246 | (1) |
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Calculation of RCS; definitions |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (3) |
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Macro- and micro-geometry; distorted plate |
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252 | (1) |
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Dihedral corner reflector |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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Practical effects of micro-geometry |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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Requirements for practical reflectors |
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257 | (4) |
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Legal requirements, specifications |
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257 | (2) |
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Measurement of point aids |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (2) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (9) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (3) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (2) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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Phased patch array reflectors |
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269 | (1) |
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Miscellaneous point targets |
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270 | (3) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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Tilting a point target aid |
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273 | (2) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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Radar normal to roll plane |
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274 | (1) |
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Combination of point targets |
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275 | (8) |
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275 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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Resultant performance of pair |
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276 | (2) |
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278 | (2) |
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Response in other plane; TPM |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (2) |
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285 | (64) |
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285 | (8) |
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Passive and active reflectors |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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Features of active devices |
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287 | (2) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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Response law; effective RCS |
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290 | (1) |
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Specifications and legal requirements |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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Polarisation compatibility |
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291 | (2) |
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Description of conventional racons |
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293 | (11) |
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293 | (1) |
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Swept frequency and agile types |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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Swept frequency racon response |
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296 | (2) |
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Frequency agile racon response |
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298 | (3) |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (2) |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (2) |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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Racon performance analysis |
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306 | (9) |
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306 | (1) |
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Interrogation received at racon |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (4) |
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315 | (1) |
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315 | (2) |
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315 | (1) |
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Fixed frequency and fixed offset frequency racons |
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316 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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Miscellaneous in-band racons |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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Cross-band racons and transponders |
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318 | (2) |
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319 | (1) |
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Radar automatic identification system |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (4) |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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Performance equations -- sweep loss |
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322 | (2) |
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324 | (1) |
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324 | (13) |
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324 | (2) |
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326 | (2) |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (2) |
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331 | (1) |
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Saturated RCS, saturation range |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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334 | (1) |
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Example of RTE performance |
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335 | (2) |
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337 | (1) |
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Problems and opportunities |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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Target tilted in radar/target plane |
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338 | (3) |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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Target tilted normal to radar-target plane |
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341 | (2) |
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341 | (1) |
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Horizontally polarised racons, SARTs and saturated RTEs; linearly polarised scanner |
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341 | (1) |
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Circularly polarised 3 GHz band racons |
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341 | (1) |
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Unsaturated RTEs, slant polarised antennas, linearly polarised scanner |
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342 | (1) |
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Saturated RTEs, slant polarisation, linearly polarised scanner |
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343 | (1) |
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Slant polarised RTEs, circularly polarised scanner |
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343 | (1) |
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Unsaturated RTE without slant polarisation |
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343 | (1) |
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Target tilted oblique to radar-target plane |
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343 | (1) |
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RTE plus passive point target in free space |
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344 | (4) |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (2) |
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Passive reflector surrounding RTE |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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Practical conditions, RTE/reflector pair |
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347 | (1) |
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Practical conditions, racons, SARTs and ramarks |
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347 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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Multipath factor of extended targets |
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349 | (20) |
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349 | (2) |
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349 | (1) |
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350 | (1) |
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Multipath of extended target, summation method |
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351 | (3) |
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Summation of element echoes |
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351 | (1) |
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Uniform RCS distribution; critical range |
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351 | (2) |
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353 | (1) |
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Diffraction and transition regions |
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354 | (3) |
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Echo variation with element height |
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354 | (1) |
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Integration, uniform target; height factor |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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Choice of target height factor |
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356 | (1) |
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357 | (4) |
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Ray geometry, cylindrical target |
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357 | (1) |
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Element multipath factor, flat Earth |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (2) |
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360 | (1) |
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Multipath factor up to critical range |
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|
360 | (1) |
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Approximate multipath factor into transition region |
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|
361 | (3) |
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361 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
Complete multipath expression |
|
|
364 | (5) |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Variation of echo with range |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
365 | (2) |
|
|
367 | (2) |
|
Extended target reflections; ships and coasts |
|
|
369 | (46) |
|
|
369 | (3) |
|
Target parameters affecting detection |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
Difficulty of finding RCS |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
Factors affecting RCS seen by interrogator |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
Estimation of effective height |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
|
372 | (3) |
|
Experimental determination of RCS and effective height |
|
|
375 | (4) |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
Radar measurement of typical ship RCS |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
Alternative measurement strategies |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
377 | (2) |
|
|
379 | (6) |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
379 | (3) |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Radar Technology Encyclopedia |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
Suggested formula for merchant ships |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Theoretical basis for RCS |
|
|
385 | (5) |
|
|
385 | (2) |
|
Tonnage and linear dimensions |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Micro-geometric approach; baseline RCS |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
RCS/tonnage by micro-geometry |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
RCS/tonnage by macro-geometry |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
Reconciliation with reported results |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
Features contributing to ships' RCS |
|
|
390 | (3) |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
|
393 | (2) |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
396 | (2) |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
398 | (2) |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Wing in ground (WIG) craft (ekranoplanes) |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Lobe spacing, yaw and roll |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
Land and shoreside features |
|
|
401 | (8) |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
401 | (3) |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
404 | (2) |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
Fluctuation characteristics |
|
|
406 | (3) |
|
|
409 | (3) |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Icebergs calved from glaciers |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Echo strength from extended targets; sketches |
|
|
412 | (2) |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
Noise, clutter and interference |
|
|
415 | (38) |
|
The importance of noise and clutter to detection of targets |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
416 | (6) |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Receiver input stage noise contribution |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
Environmental noise sources |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
Atmosphere and line attenuation noise |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
|
422 | (6) |
|
Prediction of random events |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Individual noise contributors do not cancel |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Amplitude distribution of noise |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Amplitude and power conventions |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Distribution and probability density, unmodulated white noise |
|
|
424 | (3) |
|
Effect of atmospheric and feeder noise on signals |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Mean precipitation clutter |
|
|
428 | (5) |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
428 | (2) |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
Mean received clutter power |
|
|
431 | (2) |
|
Precipitation clutter fluctuation |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
433 | (8) |
|
|
433 | (2) |
|
Clutter per unit area, σS0 |
|
|
435 | (3) |
|
Wave height relation to wind speed |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
438 | (2) |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
441 | (5) |
|
Sea clutter, low sea state |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
Sea clutter, high sea state |
|
|
441 | (2) |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
443 | (3) |
|
Short-range ringing clutter |
|
|
446 | (3) |
|
|
446 | (2) |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
449 | (2) |
|
|
449 | (2) |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
451 | (2) |
|
|
453 | (70) |
|
|
453 | (7) |
|
What we mean by detection |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
Noise and clutter fluctuations |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
Detection in random noise or clutter |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
457 | (2) |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Direct detection of single pulse in noise |
|
|
460 | (6) |
|
Detection threshold, unmodulated noise |
|
|
460 | (2) |
|
Detection of sinusoidal signal |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
463 | (3) |
|
Envelope detection of echo pulse in noise |
|
|
466 | (10) |
|
Detection in non-coherent receiver |
|
|
466 | (3) |
|
Equivalent envelope detector |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
|
469 | (2) |
|
Noisy signal distribution |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Approximations for PD calculation |
|
|
472 | (4) |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
Single pulse detection in clutter |
|
|
476 | (4) |
|
Noise and precipitation clutter |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
Clutter with Weibull distribution |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
Equivalent sea, land and ice clutter |
|
|
477 | (3) |
|
|
480 | (11) |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
Swerling fluctuation cases |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Case 0 (Case 5) non-fluctuating target |
|
|
482 | (2) |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
485 | (2) |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Comparison of fluctuation cases |
|
|
489 | (2) |
|
|
491 | (9) |
|
|
491 | (2) |
|
Coherent and non-coherent integration |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
493 | (3) |
|
|
496 | (2) |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
Mitigation of losses in small scanners and wide bandwidth |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
Logarithmic receiver loss |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
Detection at short range with ringing |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
500 | (3) |
|
Interchangeability of receiver gain and threshold voltage |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
|
503 | (7) |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
Criterion for polar diagram decorrelation |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
Criterion for precipitation clutter decorrelation |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
Swerling Case 3b; Case 1 target observed by dual-diversity |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
|
506 | (3) |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
Detection of active targets |
|
|
510 | (2) |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
Racons, etc., with crystal-video receivers |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
|
512 | (6) |
|
Sidelobes and axial ghost echoes |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
|
515 | (2) |
|
Actual target fluctuation |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
Anomalous performance with small targets |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
|
518 | (2) |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
System integration -- diversity |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
520 | (3) |
|
Accuracy of position and track |
|
|
523 | (34) |
|
|
523 | (3) |
|
The need to consider accuracy |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
Display of target information |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
|
526 | (6) |
|
Absolute and relative error |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
|
527 | (2) |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
530 | (2) |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
Errors in terms within radar performance calculations |
|
|
532 | (7) |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
Transmitter hardware losses |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
537 | (2) |
|
Accuracy of calculations leading to SNR or PD |
|
|
539 | (2) |
|
Approximations within calculations |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
|
541 | (11) |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
542 | (2) |
|
Effects of SNR and bandwidth on plot accuracy |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
Plotting aid prediction accuracy |
|
|
545 | (3) |
|
|
548 | (2) |
|
|
550 | (2) |
|
Combining data from multiple sensors |
|
|
552 | (3) |
|
|
552 | (2) |
|
Coastal surveillance and VTS -- simple system |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
Autonomous radar heads with track-formers |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
Central track-former or plot extractor |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
|
555 | (2) |
|
|
557 | (28) |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
Passive point targets: page 1 |
|
|
558 | (8) |
|
|
558 | (2) |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
Scanner and feeder panel, and Table S2 |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
Operator panel and Table S1 |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
|
566 | (2) |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
Establishment of α and R series |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
Scanner and target heights |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
Angles and effective scanner gain |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
Interference region multipath |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
Transition region multipath |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
Signals at the radar receiver, single pulse |
|
|
569 | (2) |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
Noise and swept gain floor |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
Main beam detection, multiple pulses |
|
|
571 | (2) |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
|
574 | (2) |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
|
576 | (2) |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
|
576 | (2) |
|
|
578 | (6) |
|
|
578 | (2) |
|
Radar auxiliary racon channel |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
Device interrogation panel |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
|
585 | (30) |
|
Deep-sea ship viewing ships |
|
|
585 | (9) |
|
Nine gigahertz band, small craft target |
|
|
585 | (9) |
|
Three gigahertz band, small craft target |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
|
594 | (14) |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
PD variation with range; effect of scanner height |
|
|
594 | (4) |
|
|
598 | (2) |
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
|
600 | (3) |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
|
603 | (4) |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
|
608 | (2) |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
|
610 | (5) |
|
|
610 | (3) |
|
Detecting a radar target enhancer |
|
|
613 | (2) |
|
|
615 | (22) |
|
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
|
616 | (4) |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
|
617 | (2) |
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
|
620 | (1) |
|
|
620 | (4) |
|
|
620 | (2) |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
|
624 | (7) |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
Continuous wave transmission |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
|
627 | (3) |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
Infrastructure and implementation |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
Other uses of radar for commercial and leisure shipping |
|
|
633 | (2) |
|
|
635 | (2) |
|
|
637 | (10) |
|
|
647 | (6) |
|
A2.1 Log-normal distribution |
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
A2.2 Rayleigh distribution |
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
|
648 | (3) |
|
|
648 | (2) |
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
A2.4 Solution of Eq. (12.8) |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
A2.5 Weibull distribution |
|
|
652 | (1) |
|
|
652 | (1) |
Index |
|
653 | |