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E-raamat: Tropical Marine Ecology [Wiley Online]

  • Formaat: 688 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Jan-2022
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • ISBN-10: 1119568919
  • ISBN-13: 9781119568919
  • Wiley Online
  • Hind: 132,16 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
  • Formaat: 688 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Jan-2022
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • ISBN-10: 1119568919
  • ISBN-13: 9781119568919
"The purpose of this book is to document the structure and function of tropical marine populations, communities, and ecosystems in relation to environmental factors including climate patterns and climate change, and patterns of oceanographic phenomena such as tides and currents and major oceanographic features, as well as chemical and geological drivers. The book focuses on estuarine, coastal, shelf and open ocean ecosystems. No such book on the tropical marine realm exists for the advanced undergraduateand postgraduate student, researcher, or manager. Another reason for writing this book is to reorient and expand the knowledge base of marine ecology. Several excellent textbooks exist on marine biology and ecology, but they are inadequate in describing life in the tropics; iconic habitats such as coral reefs and mangroves are usually covered only briefly. Until recently this perfunctory treatment was understandable considering that the study of marine ecology has focused on boreal and temperate seas near where the major oceanographic institutes and universities reside. Since the 1980s, however, there has been a drastic rise in the number of journal articles published on aspects in tropical marine ecology to the extent that a textbook focusing on the tropics is now warranted"--

No realm on Earth elicits thoughts of paradise more than the tropics. The tropical marine realm is special in myriad ways and for many reasons from seas of higher latitude, in housing iconic habitats such as coral reefs, snow white beaches, crystal clear waters, mangrove forests, extensive and rich seagrass meadows and expansive river deltas, such as the exemplar, the Amazon. But the tropics also has an even more complex side: tropical waters give rise to cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons, and unique oceanographic phenomena including the El Niño- Southern Oscillation which affects global climate patterns.   

Tropical Marine Ecology documents the structure and function of tropical marine populations, communities, and ecosystems in relation to environmental factors including climate patterns and climate change, and patterns of oceanographic phenomena such as tides and currents and major oceanographic features, as well as chemical and geological drivers. The book focuses on estuarine, coastal, continental shelf and open ocean ecosystems. The first part of the book deals with the climate, physics, geology, and chemistry of the tropical marine environment. The second section focuses on the origins, diversity, biogeography, and the structure and distribution of tropical biota. The third part explores the rates and patterns of primary and secondary production, and their drivers, and the characteristics of pelagic and benthic food webs. The fourth part examines how humans are altering tropical ecosystems via unsustainable fisheries, the decline and loss of habitat and fragmentation, Further, pollution is altering an earth already in the throes of climate change.  

Tropical Marine Ecology is an authoritative and comprehensive introduction to tropical marine ecology for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students. It is also a rich resource and reference work for researchers and professional managers in marine science. 

Preface ix
1 Introduction
1(6)
1.1 Definition of the Tropics
1(1)
1.2 What Makes the Tropics Different?
2(4)
References
6(1)
Part 1 Physical Environment 7(80)
2 Weather and Climate
9(31)
2.1 Tropical Heat Engine
9(2)
2.2 Tropical Winds and the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
11(2)
2.3 Tropical Rainfall and Temperature Patterns
13(2)
2.4 Monsoons
15(6)
2.4.1 The Asian Monsoon
16(2)
2.4.2 The Indo-Australian Monsoon
18(1)
2.4.3 The African Monsoons
18(2)
2.4.4 The South American Monsoon
20(1)
2.5 Tropical Weather Systems
21(3)
2.6 The El Nino - Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)
24(4)
2.7 Climate Change: Physical Aspects
28(8)
2.7.1 Rising Atmospheric CO2
29(1)
2.7.2 Ocean Acidification
30(2)
2.7.3 Rising Temperatures, Increased Storms, Extreme Weather Events, and Changes in Precipitation
32(1)
2.7.4 Changes in Ocean Circulation
33(1)
2.7.5 Sea-Level Rise (SLR)
34(2)
References
36(4)
3 Tropical Marine Hydrosphere
40(22)
3.1 Introduction
40(1)
3.2 Large-Scale Circulation Patterns
40(4)
3.3 Coastal Circulation
44(3)
3.4 Estuarine Circulation
47(5)
3.5 Coral Reef Hydrodynamics
52(2)
3.6 Fluid Mechanics in Seagrass Meadows
54(2)
3.7 Tides
56(1)
References
57(5)
4 Tropical Marine Geosphere
62(25)
4.1 Major Sedimentary Patterns
62(4)
4.2 Distribution of Major Habitat Types
66(8)
4.3 Nutrients
74(1)
4.4 Tropical River Loads, Plumes, and Shelf Margins
75(9)
References
84(3)
Part 2 Structure 87(150)
5 Biogeography and Origins
89(20)
5.1 Tropical Biogeography
89(4)
5.2 The Coral Triangle
93(4)
5.3 Origins Explained
97(5)
5.4 Marine Ecoregions and Provinces
102(1)
5.5 The Latitudinal Diversity Gradient
102(4)
References
106(3)
6 Populations and Communities
109(66)
6.1 Introduction
109(1)
6.2 Density Independence, Density Dependence, and Intraspecific Competition
110(4)
6.3 Populations with Age Structure
114(3)
6.4 Meta-populations
117(3)
6.5 Interspecific Competition
120(10)
6.6 Mutualism
130(5)
6.7 Commensalism
135(1)
6.8 Parasitism
136(2)
6.9 Predation
138(12)
6.10 Plant-Herbivore Interactions
150(5)
6.11 Trophic Cascades
155(3)
6.12 Facilitation Cascades
158(3)
References
161(14)
7 Ecosystems
175(62)
7.1 Introduction
175(1)
7.2 Rocky Shores
175(3)
7.3 Sandy Beaches and Tidal Flats
178(8)
7.4 Coastal Lagoons
186(4)
7.5 Mangrove Forests
190(6)
7.6 Sea grass Meadows
196(5)
7.7 Coral Reefs
201(2)
7.8 Continental Shelves
203(13)
7.9 Open Ocean
216(11)
References
227(10)
Part 3 Function 237(250)
8 Primary Production
239(59)
8.1 Introduction
239(1)
8.2 Sandy Beaches and Tidal Flats
240(1)
8.3 Mangrove Forests
240(11)
8.4 Seagrasses
251(9)
8.5 Coral Reefs
260(7)
8.6 Coastal Lagoons, Estuaries, and Tidal Waterways
267(6)
8.7 Shelf Seas
273(7)
8.8 Open Ocean
280(5)
References
285(13)
9 Secondary Production
298(33)
9.1 Introduction
298(1)
9.2 Heterotrophic Bacterioplankton
298(3)
9.3 Zooplankton
301(8)
9.4 Benthos
309(8)
9.5 Fisheries
317(4)
References
321(10)
10 Food Webs and Carbon Fluxes
331(98)
10.1 Introduction
331(2)
10.2 Sandy Beaches and Tidal Flats
333(7)
10.3 Rocky Intertidal Shores
340(3)
10.4 Seagrass Meadows
343(9)
10.5 Mangrove Forests
352(13)
10.6 Coral Reefs
365(8)
10.7 Estuaries and Coastal Lagoons
373(14)
10.7.1 Food Webs
373(8)
10.7.2 Carbon Dynamics
381(6)
10.8 Coastal Bays and Continental Shelves
387(12)
10.8.1 Trophic Dynamics
387(3)
10.8.2 Carbon Cycling
390(9)
10.9 Open Ocean
399(10)
References
409(20)
11 Nutrient Biogeochemistry
429(58)
11.1 Introduction
429(2)
11.2 Sandy Beaches, Tidal Flats, and Rocky Intertidal Shores
431(2)
11.3 Seagrass Meadows
433(4)
11.4 Mangrove Forests
437(11)
11.4.1 N Cycling
437(9)
11.4.2 P Cycling
446(2)
11.5 Coral Reefs
448(12)
11.6 Estuaries and Coastal Lagoons
460(4)
11.7 Coastal Bays and Continental Shelves
464(6)
11.8 Open Ocean
470(4)
References
474(13)
Part 4 Human Impacts 487(172)
12 Pollution
489(77)
12.1 Introduction
489(1)
12.2 Hydrocarbons
490(6)
12.3 Metals
496(11)
12.4 Eutrophication
507(11)
12.5 Pesticides and Industrial Organic Chemicals
518(11)
12.6 Plastics and Other Marine Debris
529(9)
12.7 Biological Pollution
538(11)
12.7.1 Sewage and Microbial Diseases
538(8)
12.7.2 Invasive Species
546(3)
References
549(17)
13 Climate Change
566(64)
13.1 Introduction
566(1)
13.2 Rising Temperatures, Increased Storms, Extreme Weather Events, and Changes in Precipitation
567(13)
13.3 Sea-level Rise (SLR)
580(6)
13.4 Rising Atmospheric CO2
586(2)
13.5 Ocean Acidification
588(16)
13.6 Increasing Hypoxia
604(3)
13.7 Impacts on Shelf and Oceanic Ecosystems and Fisheries
607(10)
References
617(13)
14 Habitat Destruction and Degradation
630(18)
14.1 Introduction
630(1)
14.2 Coral Reefs
630(5)
14.3 Seagrass Meadows
635(3)
14.4 Mangrove Forests
638(7)
References
645(3)
15 Epilogue
648(11)
Index 659
About the Author

Daniel M. Alongi is Lead Scientist for Tropical Coastal and Mangrove Consultants in Victoria, Australia.