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E-raamat: Unjust Enrichment 2nd Revised edition [Oxford Scholarship Online e-raamatud]

Peter Birks (former Regius Professor of Civil Law, All Souls College, University of Oxford)

Formaat: 360 pages
Sari: Clarendon Law Series
Ilmumisaeg: 13-Jan-2005
Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
ISBN-13: 9780199276981

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Formaat: 360 pages
Sari: Clarendon Law Series
Ilmumisaeg: 13-Jan-2005
Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
ISBN-13: 9780199276981

Teised raamatud teemal:

Rohkem infot Oxford Scholarship Online e-raamatute kohta

Raamatu kodulehekülg: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199276981.001.0001/acprof-9780199276981

This new edition of Unjust Enrichment by the editor of the Clarendon Law Series, is a fully updated, clear and concise account of the law of unjust enrichment. It attempts to move away from the use of obscure terminology inherited from the past.

This text is the first book to insist on the switch from restitution to unjust enrichment, from response to event. It organises modern law around five simple questions: Was the defendant enriched? If so, was it at the claimant's expense? If so, was it unjust? The fourth question is then what kind of right the claimant has, and the fifth is whether the defendant has any defences. This second edition was revised and updated by Peter Birks before his death from cancer on 6 July 2004 at the age of 62. It represents the final thinking of the world's leading authority on the subject.

Foreword

vii

Preface to the Second Edition

Preface to the First Edition

Table of Cases

xxi

Table of Statutes and Foreign Legislation

xxxiv

Part I. Introduction

1. A Core Case

(17)

A. Tertium Quid

(4)

B. As Labrador to Dog

(2)

C. Restitution Outside Unjust Enrichment

(5)

D. Conclusion

(4)

2. Three Maps

(29)

A. The First Map: Event-Based Classification

(7)

1. Four Columns

(3)

2. The Grid: Stripes across the Columns

(4)

B. The Second Map: Property and Obligations

(10)

1. Rights in personam (Obligations) and Rights in rem (Property)

(2)

2. Unjust Enrichment and the Law of Obligations

(2)

3. Unjust Enrichment and the Law of Property

(6)

C. The Third Map: Inside Unjust Enrichment

(7)

1. The Five-Question Analysis

(1)

2. Unjust Factors and Enrichment with No Basis

(5)

D. Conclusion

(4)

Part II. Enrichment at the Expense of the Claimant

3. Enrichment

(24)

A. Wealth and Not-Wealth

(2)

B. Enrichment as Value Measured by Money

(11)

1. Money Received

(1)

2. Enrichments in Kind

(2)

3. Five Exceptional Situations

(7)

4. Extant Enrichment and Instant Disenrichment

(1)

C. Where Property does not Pass

(6)

1. Pre-Existing Title Survives

(4)

2. New Proprietary Rights

(1)

D. Two Conceptions of Wealth

(2)

E. Conclusion

(2)

4. At the Expense of the Claimant

(28)

A. The 'Wrong' Sense

(1)

B. The 'From' Sense

(12)

1. Interceptive Subtractions

(3)

2. Corresponding Loss?

(8)

C. The Immediate Enrichee

(3)

1. The Proprietary Connection

(1)

2. Enrichments Conferred by One but Procured by Another

(2)

D. Leapfrogging

(9)

1. Initially Valid Contracts

(4)

2. No Initial Contract

(5)

E. Conclusion

(3)

Part III. Unjust

5. Changing Direction

101

(28)

A. Two Methods

102

1. The Civilian Approach: No Explanatory Basis

102

(3)

2. The Common Law Approach: Unjust Factors

105

B. The Swaps Cases

(103)

1. Swaps and Void Swaps

109

(1)

2. Closed Swaps and Interrupted Swaps

109

(3)

3. No Going Back

112

(1)

C. No Possibility of Integration

113

(4)

1. Absence of Basis is not Another Unjust Factor

114

(2)

2. The Pyramid: A Limited Reconciliation

116

(1)

D. Foundations of Absence of Basis

117

(10)

1. The Language of Absence of Basis

117

(2)

2. Total Failure and Partial Failure

119

(6)

3. Degrees of Invalidity

125

(2)

E. Conclusion

127

(2)

6. Absence of Basis

129

(34)

A. Obligatory Enrichments

130

(12)

1. Initial Failure of Basis

131

(9)

2. Subsequent Failure of Basis

140

(2)

B. Voluntary Enrichments

142

(12)

1. Contract

143

(3)

2. Trust

146

(2)

3. Gift

148

(4)

4. Other Purposes

152

(2)

C. Non-Participatory Enrichments

154

(6)

1. At Law

155

(1)

2. In Equity

156

(2)

3. By-Benefits

158

(2)

D. Conclusion

160

(3)

Part IV. The Right to Restitution

7. Rights in personam

163

(17)

A. Three Synonyms

164

(2)

B. Structural Symmetry with Wrongs

166

(1)

C. The Content of the Right in personam

167

(4)

1. An Immediate Right to the Value of the Enrichment Received

168

(1)

2. No Personal Right to be Given Specific Things

169

(1)

3. A Specialized Case: The Right to be Subrogated to a Claim

170

(1)

D. Universality

171

(7)

1. Surviving Enrichment

172

(1)

2. Voidable Transfers

173

(5)

E. Conclusion

178

(2)

8. Rights in rem

180

(27)

A. Laying the Cards on the Table

181

(1)

B. Different Proprietary Responses

182

(3)

1. Immediately Vested Beneficial Rights in rem

183

(1)

2. Powers in rem

183

(1)

3. Security Interests

184

(1)

C. Incidence

185

(18)

1. Initial Failure

185

(9)

2. Subsequent Failure

194

(4)

3. Traceable Substitutes

198

(3)

4. Beneficial Interest or Security Interest

201

(2)

D. Conclusion

203

(4)

Part V. Defences

9. Disenrichment and Disimpoverishment

207

(17)

A. Disenrichment

208

(11)

1. Disenrichment and Change of Position

208

(1)

2. Rationale

209

(1)

3. Relevant Disenrichments

210

(3)

4. Disqualification

213

(6)

B. Disimpoverishment

219

(2)

C. Overlapping Nominate Defences

221

(1)

D. Conclusion

222

(2)

10. Unjust-Related Defences

224

(43)

A. Unjust Enrichment of the Claimant

224

(8)

1. Counter-Restitution

225

(4)

2. Election

229

(1)

3. A Statutory Defence in Tax Cases

230

(2)

B. Finality

232

(8)

1. Res Judicata

233

(1)

2. Capitulation After Initiation of Legal Proceedings

233

(1)

3. Contract for Finality

234

(1)

4. Estoppel

235

(1)

5. Limitation and Laches

236

(4)

C. Stultification

240

(18)

1. Bona Fide Purchase from a Third Party

240

(5)

2. Ministerial Receipt

245

(2)

3. Illegality

247

(6)

4. Incapacity

253

(2)

5. Informality

255

(2)

6. Where a Natural Obligation Survives the Invalidity

257

(1)

D. Residual Cases

258

(5)

1. Non-Disenriching Changes of Position

258

(3)

2. Turpitude

261

(1)

3. Minority

261

(2)

E. Conclusion

263

(4)

Part VI. Competing Terminology

11. Competing Generics

267

(17)

A. Outdated Generics

267

(7)

1. Quasi-Contract

267

(4)

2. Implied or Constructive Contract

271

(3)

B. Modern Competitors

274

(9)

1. Unjustified or Unconscionable Enrichment

274

(3)

2. Restitution

277

(6)

C. Conclusion

283

(1)

12. Persistent Fragments

284

(25)

A. Common Law

285

(7)

1. Background: The Forms of Action

285

(1)

2. Money Had and Received and Three Other Actions

286

(4)

3. Needless Delay

290

(2)

B. Chancery

292

(15)

1. Rights in personam

293

(5)

2. Rights in rem

298

(9)

C. Conclusion

307

(2)

Index

309

Regius Professor of Civil Law and Fellow of All Souls College 1989 -; Director of Graduate Studies, Research 1996-2000. Fellow University College London; Hon. Fellow Trinity College Oxford; Hon Sec SPTL 1989-1996; Sec. Standing Conference on Legal Education 1991-1994. Royal Academy of the Netherlands, 2001 SPTL: Vice-President 2001-02, President 2002-03

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