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E-raamat: Users Guide to Physical Modelling and Experimentation: Experience of the HYDRALAB Network [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

Edited by (Department of Geography, University of Hull, UK), Edited by (University of Hull, Hull, UK), Edited by (University of Hull, Hull, UK)
  • Formaat: 272 pages
  • Sari: IAHR Design Manual
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-May-2011
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9780429108211
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  • Taylor & Francis e-raamat
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Users Guide to Physical Modelling and Experimentation: Experience of the HYDRALAB NetworkSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 272 pages
  • Sari: IAHR Design Manual
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-May-2011
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9780429108211
Teised raamatud teemal:
Taylor & Francis e-raamatudRohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429108211

A Users Guide to Hydraulic Modelling and Experimentation provides a systematic, comprehensive summary of the progress made through HYDRALAB III . The book combines the expertise of many of the leading hydraulic experimentalists in Europe and identifies current best practice for carrying out state-of-the-art, modern laboratory investigations. In addition it gives an inventory and reviews recent advances in instrumentation and equipment that drive present and new developments in the subject. The Guide concentrates on four core areas – waves, breakwaters, sediments and the relatively-new (but rapidly-developing) cross-disciplinary area of hydrodynamics/ecology. Progress made through the ‘CoMIBBS’ component of HYDRALAB III provides the material for a chapter focussed on guidance, principles and practice for composite modelling. There is detailed consideration of scaling and the degree of relevance of laboratory/physical modelling approaches for specific contexts included in each of the individual chapters. The Guide includes outputs from the workshops and several of the innovative transnational access projects that have been supported within HYDRALAB III, as well as the focussed joint research activities SANDS and CoMIBBS. Its primary purpose is to serve as a shared resource to disseminate the outstanding advances achieved within HYDRALAB III but, even more than this, it is a tribute to the human and institutional collaborations that led to and sustained the research advances, the human relationships that were strengthened and initiated through joint participation in the Programme, and the training opportunities that participation provided to the many young researchers engaged in the projects.

Foreword xiii
Acronyms and Abbreviations xv
List of symbols
xvii
Contributors xxiii
1 Introduction
1(18)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Rationale for the book
1(1)
1.3 Advantages and disadvantages of physical modelling
2(1)
1.4 Audience
3(1)
1.5 Choice of facility
4(8)
1.5.1 Current flumes
4(1)
1.5.2 Wave flumes
5(1)
1.5.3 Wave basins
6(1)
1.5.4 Wave and current basins
7(2)
1.5.5 Oscillating water tunnels
9(2)
1.5.6 Annular cells
11(1)
1.6 General principles of scale modelling
12(1)
1.7 Layout of the book
13(6)
1.7.1 Wave modelling
13(1)
1.7.2 Breakwaters
14(1)
1.7.3 Sediments
14(3)
1.7.4 Ecology
17(1)
1.7.5 Composite modelling
17(2)
2 Waves
19(20)
2.1 Introduction
19(1)
2.2 Application of wave models
19(1)
2.3 Selection of wave characteristics for model tests
20(6)
2.3.1 Types of waves in hydraulic models
20(1)
2.3.2 Model scale ratios
21(1)
2.3.3 Selection of representative sea states
21(1)
2.3.4 Duration of time series
22(1)
2.3.5 `Tree' and `bound' long waves
23(2)
2.3.6 2D/3D waves
25(1)
2.4 Wave generators and wave generation
26(1)
2.4.1 Wave generator types
26(1)
2.4.2 Actuators
27(1)
2.4.3 Control signals
27(1)
2.5 Planning and execution of tests
27(3)
2.5.1 Bathymetric model construction
27(1)
2.5.2 Wave reflection in laboratory
28(1)
2.5.3 Test programme
29(1)
2.6 Measurement and analysis of laboratory waves
30(4)
2.6.1 Measurement
30(1)
2.6.2 Wave analysis
31(1)
2.6.3 Wave skewness and asymmetry
32(1)
2.6.4 Measurements of multi-directional waves
33(1)
2.7 Data management
34(2)
2.8 Typical sources of errors
36(2)
2.9 Future work
38(1)
3 Breakwaters
39(28)
3.1 Introduction
39(2)
3.1.1 Purpose of physical model testing
40(1)
3.2 Model set-up and operation
41(21)
3.2.1 Choice of physical model
41(1)
3.2.2 Layout of the model
42(2)
3.2.3 Structure
44(1)
3.2.4 Waves
45(4)
3.2.5 Scaling
49(7)
3.2.6 Measurement equipment and analysis
56(3)
3.2.7 Materials
59(1)
3.2.8 Model operation
60(2)
3.3 Analysis procedures
62(4)
3.4 Reporting procedures
66(1)
3.5 Future work
66(1)
4 Sediment dynamics
67(60)
4.1 Introduction
67(1)
4.2 Objectives and approach
68(2)
4.3 General principles
70(13)
4.3.1 Multi-directional versus uni-directional waves
70(1)
4.3.2 Wave skewness and asymmetry
71(1)
4.3.3 Critical bed-shear stress
71(1)
4.3.4 Bed forms in steady flows
72(3)
4.3.5 Bed forms under waves
75(2)
4.3.6 Bed roughness
77(1)
4.3.7 Rivers
77(1)
4.3.8 Coastal areas
78(5)
4.4 Sediments and scaling laws
83(20)
4.4.1 Properties of sediment
83(6)
4.4.2 Scaling laws
89(10)
4.4.3 Low-density (model) sediments
99(3)
4.4.4 Boundary conditions on sediment
102(1)
4.5 Measuring and observation techniques
103(9)
4.5.1 Measurement techniques for sediment transport
103(1)
4.5.2 Instrumentation for bedload transport
103(2)
4.5.3 Instrumentation for suspended transport
105(3)
4.5.4 Instrumentation for measuring bathymetry
108(4)
4.6 Procedures for performance of tests
112(3)
4.6.1 Calibration
112(1)
4.6.2 Planning a test series
112(1)
4.6.3 Costs and times
113(1)
4.6.4 Construction
113(2)
4.7 Results
115(1)
4.8 Reporting
116(1)
4.9 Uncertainty assessment
117(1)
4.9.1 Scaling errors
117(1)
4.9.2 Laboratory effects
117(1)
4.9.3 Instrument accuracy
118(1)
4.10 Examples
118(9)
4.10.1 Scour downstream of river barrages
118(1)
4.10.2 Cross-shore beach profiles
119(3)
4.10.3 Beach erosion - comparison of scaling laws
122(2)
4.10.4 Scour and scour protection around monopiles
124(3)
5 Ecological experiments
127(44)
5.1 Introduction
127(1)
5.2 Ecological perspective
128(2)
5.3 Hydraulic engineering perspective
130(3)
5.3.1 Expectations of hydraulic engineers from collaboration with ecologists in laboratory experiments
130(3)
5.4 Experimental design
133(16)
5.4.1 Dimensional analysis
133(4)
5.4.2 Physical modelling and scaling considerations
137(1)
5.4.3 Implications for biophysical modelling
138(4)
5.4.4 Turbulence
142(4)
5.4.5 Sediment transport
146(1)
5.4.6 Measurements and data interpretation
147(2)
5.5 Incorporating plants into physical models
149(9)
5.5.1 Challenges of physical modelling using plants
150(4)
5.5.2 Best practice guidelines for plants in flume experiments
154(3)
5.5.3 Developing best practice
157(1)
5.6 Incorporating small animals into physical models
158(5)
5.6.1 Challenges of physical modelling with small animals
158(4)
5.6.2 Developing best practice
162(1)
5.7 Linking physical models of ecology with numerical models and their extension to field data
163(7)
5.7.1 Combination with field measurements and numerical modelling
164(1)
5.7.2 Model equations
165(1)
5.7.3 Parameterization of individual terms
166(2)
5.7.4 Measurements for model setup and validation
168(1)
5.7.5 Using field data for validation and parameterisation of numerical models
169(1)
5.8 Summary conclusions and future challenges
170(1)
6 Composite modelling
171(50)
6.1 Introduction
171(1)
6.2 The concept of composite modelling
172(1)
6.3 Composite modelling technique case studies used in CoMIBBS
173(38)
6.3.1 Nesting of a detailed physical model within a regional numerical model
173(4)
6.3.2 Reduction of uncertainties in physical modelling using a numerical model error correction technique
177(4)
6.3.3 Determination of optimum physical model scale
181(6)
6.3.4 Use of a numerical model to design a physical model
187(5)
6.3.5 Sensitivity analysis using skill scores
192(5)
6.3.6 Composite modelling of scour with incorporation of parameterised turbulence from physical model
197(4)
6.3.7 Parameterisation of physical model results for composite modelling
201(5)
6.3.8 Use of a numerical model to overcome 2D physical model constraints
206(5)
6.4 Issues in applying composite modelling
211(10)
6.4.1 Reflections on composite modelling during CoMIBBS
211(4)
6.4.2 Good modelling practice
215(2)
6.4.3 Selection of composite modelling - hypothesis
217(1)
6.4.4 Setting up a composite modelling experiment
218(1)
6.4.5 Pitfalls and traps
219(2)
References 221(20)
Bibliography 241
Stuart J. McLelland, Lynne E. Frostick, T.G. Mercer
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