Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
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Chapter 1 Introduction: Finding, Dating, and Classifying Fossils |
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1 | (14) |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (3) |
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6 | (4) |
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How Do We Classify Animals? |
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10 | (3) |
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13 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 The Origin of Vertebrates |
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15 | (14) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (5) |
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Getting a Head: The Vertebrates |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (3) |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (14) |
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29 | (11) |
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29 | (3) |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (4) |
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38 | (2) |
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Where Did They Come From? Where Did They Go? |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 Primitive Gnathostomes |
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43 | (18) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (7) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (4) |
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Chondrichthyans: Sharks, Rays, Skates, and Chimaeras |
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51 | (7) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Osteichthyes: The Bony Fish |
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61 | (10) |
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61 | (4) |
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65 | (5) |
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70 | (1) |
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Chapter 6 The Transition to Land: The Tetrapods |
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71 | (14) |
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71 | (6) |
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Invasion of the Land: The Tetrapods |
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77 | (6) |
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83 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 Tetrapod Diversify |
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85 | (12) |
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Amphibians and Their Relatives |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (6) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (4) |
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96 | (1) |
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Chapter 8 Primitive Reptiles |
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97 | (24) |
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Land Eggs and the First Amniotes |
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97 | (8) |
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105 | (4) |
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109 | (3) |
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112 | (6) |
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118 | (3) |
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Chapter 9 Back to the Sea: Marine Reptiles |
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121 | (14) |
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Ichthyosaurs and Plesiosaurs |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (3) |
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125 | (4) |
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129 | (4) |
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133 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 The Scaly Ones: Lepidosauria---Lizards and Snakes |
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135 | (18) |
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135 | (4) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (3) |
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143 | (6) |
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149 | (3) |
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152 | (1) |
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Chapter 11 Ruling Reptiles: Archosaurs |
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153 | (20) |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (5) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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Mystery Reptiles: Choristoderes |
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160 | (3) |
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The Crocodile Branch: Pseudosuchia |
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163 | (9) |
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163 | (3) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (2) |
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170 | (2) |
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172 | (1) |
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Chapter 12 Crocodylomorphs |
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173 | (14) |
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Crocodylomorphs: The Crocodiles and Their Kin |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (6) |
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Notosuchia: The "Southern Crocodiles" |
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177 | (3) |
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Thalattosuchia and Dyrosauridae: Back to the Ocean |
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180 | (5) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (14) |
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Ornithodira/Avemetatarsalia |
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187 | (2) |
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Flying Reptiles: The Pterosauria |
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189 | (9) |
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189 | (3) |
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192 | (6) |
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198 | (3) |
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Chapter 14 The Origin of Dinosaurs |
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201 | (10) |
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201 | (8) |
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209 | (2) |
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Chapter 15 Ornithischians I: Origins and the Thyreophora |
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211 | (16) |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (3) |
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Thyreophorans: Stegosaurs and Ankylosaurs |
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215 | (1) |
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Roofed Lizards: The Stegosaurs |
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216 | (5) |
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Turtle-Shell Dinosaurs: The Ankylosaurs |
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221 | (5) |
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226 | (1) |
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Chapter 16 Ornithischians II: Hadrosaurs and Marginocephalians |
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227 | (20) |
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227 | (1) |
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Ornithopoda: The "Bird-Footed" Dinosaurs |
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228 | (3) |
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231 | (4) |
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Pachycephalosaurs: The "Boneheads" |
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235 | (4) |
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Ceratopsia: The Horned Dinosaurs |
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239 | (7) |
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246 | (1) |
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Chapter 17 Sauropods: Long-Necked Giants |
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247 | (18) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (3) |
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Jurassic Park of the Sauropods |
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251 | (3) |
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254 | (3) |
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257 | (2) |
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259 | (2) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (2) |
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264 | (1) |
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Chapter 18 Theropods: Carnivorous Dinosaurs |
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265 | (24) |
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265 | (2) |
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267 | (4) |
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271 | (6) |
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Carnosauria: Spinosauridae |
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274 | (1) |
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Carnosauria: Megalosauridae |
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275 | (1) |
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Carnosauria: Metriacanthosauridae |
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275 | (1) |
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Carnosauria: Allosauridae and Carcharodontosauridae |
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275 | (2) |
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277 | (11) |
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Coelurosauria: Tyrannosaurs |
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277 | (5) |
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Coelurosauria: Compsognathidae |
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282 | (1) |
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Coelurosauria: Ornithomimids |
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283 | (2) |
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Coelurosauria: Maniraptora: Therizinosaurs |
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285 | (1) |
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Coelurosauria: Maniraptora: Oviraptorosauria |
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285 | (1) |
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Coelurosauria: Eumaniraptora: Dromaeosaurs |
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285 | (3) |
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288 | (1) |
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Chapter 19 Birds: The Flying Dinosaurs |
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289 | (22) |
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289 | (3) |
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292 | (4) |
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The Cenozoic Radiation of Aves |
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296 | (3) |
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299 | (4) |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (2) |
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306 | (3) |
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309 | (2) |
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Chapter 20 Synapsids: The Origin of Mammals |
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311 | (20) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (5) |
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Early Synapsids: "Pelycosaurs" |
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317 | (3) |
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Later Synapsids: "Therapsids" |
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320 | (4) |
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The Third Wave: "Cynodonts" |
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324 | (4) |
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328 | (3) |
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Chapter 21 Primitive Mammals: Mesozoic Mammals, Monotremes, and Marsupials |
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331 | (18) |
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331 | (2) |
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333 | (2) |
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335 | (1) |
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Monotremes and Their Relatives |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (2) |
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The Marsupials or Metatheria |
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341 | (6) |
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347 | (2) |
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Chapter 22 The Placental Explosion: The Mammals Diversify |
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349 | (18) |
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349 | (5) |
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Xenarthra: Sloths, Armadillos, and Anteaters |
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354 | (4) |
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358 | (7) |
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365 | (2) |
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Chapter 23 Laurasiatheria I: Carnivores, Bats, Insectivores, and Their Kin |
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367 | (18) |
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367 | (1) |
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367 | (2) |
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369 | (1) |
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370 | (2) |
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372 | (11) |
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376 | (1) |
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377 | (6) |
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383 | (2) |
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Chapter 24 Laurasiatheria II: The Ungulates |
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385 | (26) |
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Horns, Hooves, and Flippers |
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385 | (2) |
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387 | (21) |
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395 | (9) |
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Miscellaneous Mammals with Hooves |
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404 | (2) |
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406 | (2) |
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408 | (3) |
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Chapter 25 Euarchontoglires: Rodents, Rabbits, Primates---And Humans |
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411 | (26) |
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411 | (1) |
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411 | (7) |
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414 | (3) |
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417 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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419 | (5) |
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419 | (3) |
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422 | (1) |
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Hominoidea (Apes and Humans) |
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423 | (1) |
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424 | (11) |
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435 | (2) |
Index |
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437 | |