Preface |
|
xi | |
Introduction |
|
xv | |
|
|
|
Chapter 1 New Applications |
|
1 | (72) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.1 New industrial applications |
|
|
1 | (13) |
|
1.1.1 Virtual reality in industry |
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
1.1.2 Augmented reality and industrial applications |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
1.1.3 VR-AR for industrial renewal |
|
|
4 | (8) |
|
1.1.4 And what about augmented reality? |
|
|
12 | (2) |
|
1.2 Computer-assisted surgery |
|
|
14 | (18) |
|
|
14 | (2) |
|
1.2.2 Virtual reality and simulation for learning |
|
|
16 | (5) |
|
1.2.3 Augmented reality and intervention planning |
|
|
21 | (5) |
|
1.2.4 Augmented reality in surgery |
|
|
26 | (5) |
|
1.2.5 Current conditions and future prospects |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
|
32 | (16) |
|
1.3.1 Mobility aids in an urban environment |
|
|
33 | (4) |
|
1.3.2 Building and architecture |
|
|
37 | (4) |
|
1.3.3 Cities and urbanism |
|
|
41 | (5) |
|
1.3.4 Towards sustainable urban systems |
|
|
46 | (2) |
|
1.4 Innovative, integrative and adaptive societies |
|
|
48 | (13) |
|
|
48 | (6) |
|
1.4.2 Arts and cultural heritage |
|
|
54 | (6) |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
|
61 | (12) |
Chapter 2 The Democratization of VR-AR |
|
73 | (50) |
|
|
|
|
|
73 | (38) |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
2.1.2 Positioning and orientation devices |
|
|
74 | (8) |
|
2.1.3 Restitution devices |
|
|
82 | (18) |
|
2.1.4 Technological challenges and perspectives |
|
|
100 | (9) |
|
2.1.5 Conclusions on new equipment |
|
|
109 | (2) |
|
|
111 | (10) |
|
|
111 | (2) |
|
2.2.2 Developing 3D applications |
|
|
113 | (3) |
|
2.2.3 Managing peripheral devices |
|
|
116 | (3) |
|
2.2.4 Dedicated VR-AR software solutions |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
|
121 | (2) |
Chapter 3 Complexity and Scientific Challenges |
|
123 | (94) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.1 Introduction: complexity |
|
|
123 | (27) |
|
3.1.1 Physical model and detecting collisions |
|
|
124 | (6) |
|
3.1.2 Populating 3D environments: single virtual human to a surging crowd |
|
|
130 | (7) |
|
3.1.3 The difficulty of making 3D interaction natural |
|
|
137 | (4) |
|
3.1.4 The difficulty of synthesizing haptic feedback |
|
|
141 | (9) |
|
3.2 The real-virtual relationship in augmented reality |
|
|
150 | (8) |
|
3.2.1 Acquisition and restitution equipment |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
|
152 | (4) |
|
3.2.3 Realistic rendering |
|
|
156 | (2) |
|
3.3 Complexity and scientific challenges of 3D interaction |
|
|
158 | (10) |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
3.3.2 Complexity and challenges surrounding the 3D interaction loop |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
3.3.3 Challenge 1: sensory-motor actions for interaction |
|
|
159 | (4) |
|
3.3.4 Challenge 2: multisensory feedback |
|
|
163 | (3) |
|
3.3.5 Challenge 3: users and perception |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
|
168 | (11) |
|
3.4.1 A glossary of terms related to unease, fatigue and physical discomfort |
|
|
168 | (5) |
|
|
173 | (6) |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
179 | (22) |
|
3.5.1 Objectives and scope of this section |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
3.5.2 Evaluation: a complex problem |
|
|
180 | (4) |
|
3.5.3 Evaluation using studies with human subjects |
|
|
184 | (9) |
|
3.5.4 Drawbacks to overcome |
|
|
193 | (2) |
|
3.5.5 Evolutions in measuring performance and behavior, characterizing participants |
|
|
195 | (5) |
|
3.5.6 Conclusion and perspectives |
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
|
201 | (16) |
Chapter 4 Towards VE that are More Closely Related to the Real World |
|
217 | (30) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.1 "Tough" scientific challenges for AR |
|
|
218 | (5) |
|
4.1.1 Choosing a display device |
|
|
218 | (3) |
|
4.1.2 Spatial localization |
|
|
221 | (2) |
|
4.2 Topics in AR that are rarely or never approached |
|
|
223 | (4) |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
4.2.2 Hybridization through a screen or HMD |
|
|
224 | (3) |
|
4.3 Spatial augmented reality |
|
|
227 | (2) |
|
4.3.1 Hybridization of the real world and the virtual world |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
4.4 Presence in augmented reality |
|
|
229 | (4) |
|
4.4.1 Is presence in reality the model for presence in virtual environments? |
|
|
229 | (2) |
|
4.4.2 Mixed reality: an end to the real versus virtual binary? |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
4.4.3 From mixed reality to mixed presence |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
4.4.4 Augmented reality: a total environment |
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
4.5 3D interaction on tactile surfaces |
|
|
233 | (7) |
|
|
234 | (2) |
|
4.5.2 3D interaction on tactile surfaces |
|
|
236 | (4) |
|
|
240 | (7) |
Chapter 5 Scientific and Technical Prospects |
|
247 | (42) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.1 The promised revolution in the field of entertainment |
|
|
247 | (11) |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
5.1.2 Defining a new, polymorphic immersive medium |
|
|
248 | (3) |
|
5.1.3 Promised experiences |
|
|
251 | (4) |
|
|
255 | (3) |
|
5.2 Brain-computer interfaces |
|
|
258 | (11) |
|
5.2.1 Brain-computer interfaces: introduction and definitions |
|
|
258 | (2) |
|
5.2.2 What BCIs cannot do |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
5.2.3 Working principle of BCIs |
|
|
261 | (2) |
|
5.2.4 Current applications of BCIs |
|
|
263 | (5) |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
5.3 Alternative perceptions in virtual reality |
|
|
269 | (15) |
|
|
269 | (2) |
|
5.3.2 Pseudo-sensory feedback |
|
|
271 | (4) |
|
5.3.3 Alternative perception of movement |
|
|
275 | (3) |
|
5.3.4 Altered perception of one's body |
|
|
278 | (5) |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
|
284 | (5) |
Chapter 6 The Challenges and Risks of Democratization of VR-AR |
|
289 | (14) |
|
|
|
289 | (3) |
|
6.2 Health and comfort problems |
|
|
292 | (5) |
|
6.2.1 The different problems |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
6.2.2 Sensorimotor incoherences |
|
|
293 | (4) |
|
6.3 Solutions to avoid discomfort and unease |
|
|
297 | (3) |
|
6.3.1 Presentation of the process |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
6.3.2 Mitigation of the impact on visuo-vestibular incoherence |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
6.3.3 Removing visuo-vestibular incoherence by modifying the functioning of the interaction paradigm |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
6.3.4 Removing visuo-vestibular incoherence by modifying interfaces |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
6.3.5 Levels of difficulty in adapting |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
|
301 | (2) |
Conclusion |
|
303 | (6) |
|
|
|
Postface |
|
309 | (6) |
|
|
|
Glossary |
|
315 | (2) |
List of Authors |
|
317 | (4) |
Index |
|
321 | |