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E-raamat: Virtual Reality and Virtual Environments: A Tool for Improving Occupational Safety and Health [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

(Central Institute for Labour Protection, National Research Institute, Poland)
  • Formaat: 168 pages, 15 Tables, black and white; 25 Line drawings, black and white; 37 Halftones, black and white; 54 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Occupational Safety, Health, and Ergonomics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Jul-2020
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781003048510
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  • Taylor & Francis e-raamat
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Virtual Reality and Virtual Environments: A Tool for Improving Occupational Safety and HealthSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 168 pages, 15 Tables, black and white; 25 Line drawings, black and white; 37 Halftones, black and white; 54 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Occupational Safety, Health, and Ergonomics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Jul-2020
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781003048510
Teised raamatud teemal:
Taylor & Francis e-raamatudRohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003048510
Virtual reality (VR) techniques are becoming increasingly popular. The use of computer modeling and visualization is no longer uncommon in the area of ergonomics and occupational health and safety. This book explains how studies conducted in a simulated virtual world are making it possible to test new solutions for designed workstations, offering a high degree of ease for introducing modifications and eliminating risk and work-related accidents. Virtual reality techniques offer a wide range of possibilities including increasing the cognitive abilities of the elderly, adapting workstations for people with disabilities and special needs, and remote control of machines using collaborative robots.

Detailed discussions include:











Testing protective devices, safety systems, and the numerical reconstruction of work accidents





Using computer simulation in generic virtual environments

On the one hand, it is a self-study book made so by well-crafted and numerous examples. On the other hand, through a detailed analysis of the virtual reality from a point of view of work safety and ergonomics and health improvement.

Ewa Grabska, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland

Noteworthy is the broad scope and diversity of the addressed problems, ranging from training employees using VR environments with different degrees of perceived reality; training and rehabilitation of the elderly; to designing, testing, modifying, and adapting workplaces to various needs including those of disabled workers; to simulation and investigation of the cause of accidents at a workplace.

Andrzej Krawiecki, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Preface ix
Series Editor xi
Author xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction to Virtual Reality (VR)
1(24)
1.1 Introduction
1(3)
1.2 Examples of Applications of VR
4(21)
1.2.1 Introduction
4(2)
1.2.2 Training Using VR
6(5)
1.2.3 Ergonomics and VR
11(2)
1.2.4 Support for Risk Assessment in the Context of VR
13(1)
1.2.5 The Design and Evaluation of Workplaces
14(1)
1.2.6 Testing of Protective Devices
15(1)
1.2.7 Telepresence Implemented Using VR
15(5)
1.2.8 Training in Rehabilitation Using VR
20(4)
1.2.9 Support in the Investigation of Accidents at Work
24(1)
Chapter 2 Virtual Reality as a Training Tool
25(26)
2.1 Introduction
25(2)
2.1.1 The Illusion of Spatial Presence in VR
25(1)
2.1.2 An Outline of the Theoretical Model of Spatial Presence
26(1)
2.1.3 The Consequences of Creating an Impression of Presence
26(1)
2.2 Involving the Sense of Touch during Training Simulation - A Method for Increasing the Efficiency of Training Processes
27(7)
2.3 The Training of Miners Working in an Underground Hard Coal Mine - An Example of a Training Applied via a Virtual Environment
34(9)
2.4 Training Firefighters - An Example of a Training Application for People Who Collaborate with Each Other
43(2)
2.5 Vehicle Simulators - Driver and Machine Operator Training
45(5)
2.5.1 Introduction
45(1)
2.5.2 A Method for Presenting the Image
46(3)
2.5.3 Elements of Force Feedback
49(1)
2.6 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Tools for Supporting Analysis and the Modification of Training Processes
50(1)
Chapter 3 Increasing the Cognitive Skills of Workers via Virtual Environments
51(28)
3.1 Introduction
51(4)
3.1.1 Cognitive Aging
51(1)
3.1.2 The Use of Modern Technology by the Elderly - Technology Acceptance Model
52(1)
3.1.3 Methodology of Psychological Research Using Virtual Environments
53(1)
3.1.4 VR in the Context of Training (Professional Activation)
54(1)
3.2 Research Goal
55(1)
3.3 Test Procedure
56(1)
3.4 The Prepared Virtual Environment
57(7)
3.4.1 Construction of a Virtual Workplace
57(1)
3.4.2 Algorithm for Operating the Virtual Workstation
58(1)
3.4.3 The Adaptive Part
58(4)
3.4.4 The Training Part
62(1)
3.4.5 Results File
63(1)
3.5 Preparation of the Test Stand in the Form of a Simplified Workplace
64(1)
3.6 Results Obtained
65(8)
3.6.1 Descriptive Statistics
65(1)
3.6.2 Simulator Sickness
65(2)
3.6.3 Attention and Perceptiveness Test
67(2)
3.6.4 Mental Fatigue
69(1)
3.6.5 Preparation for the Study and Adaptation to the Virtual Environment
70(1)
3.6.6 Assessment of the Level of Control over Performing the Tasks at the Workstation
71(1)
3.6.7 Training Effectiveness
72(1)
3.7 Testing Hypotheses
73(4)
3.7.1 Older Adults Adapt to the Task Performed in a Virtual Environment in the Same Way as Younger Adults
73(1)
3.7.2 Training Young Adults in a Virtual Environment Is More Effective Than Training Using Other Methods
74(1)
3.7.3 Training Older Adults in a Virtual Environment Is More Effective Than Training Using Other Methods
75(1)
3.7.4 Training in a Virtual Environment Is More Effective for Older Adults
75(1)
3.7.5 Training in a Virtual Environment Has the Same Effect on the Well-Being of Older Adults and Younger Adults
76(1)
3.8 Summary
77(2)
Chapter 4 Testing Workstations in Virtual Reality - An Example of Cooperation with a Robot (Collaborative Robot)
79(18)
4.1 Introduction
79(1)
4.2 Assumptions and Research Methodology
79(4)
4.3 Registering Data during Tests
83(1)
4.4 The Preparation of Surveys
83(1)
4.5 Test Procedure
83(3)
4.6 Course and Results of the Tests
86(1)
4.7 Analysis of Statistical Data
86(3)
4.8 Survey Results
89(4)
4.8.1 Spatial Presence Questionnaire (SPQ)
89(1)
4.8.2 STAI - Anxiety as a Trait and Condition Scale
90(1)
4.8.3 Mood
90(1)
4.8.4 NARS - Negative Attitude toward Robots Scale
90(2)
4.8.5 Attitude and Behavior toward Robots
92(1)
4.9 Conclusions
93(1)
4.10 Summary
94(3)
Chapter 5 Virtual Reality in the Adaptation of Workstations and Workplaces
97(12)
5.1 Introduction
97(2)
5.2 Research Methodology
99(1)
5.3 Results and Conclusions
100(3)
5.4 Sample Workstation Recreated in a Virtual Environment
103(3)
5.5 Computer Tools to Support Design, Ergonomic Assessment, and Adaptation of Workstations to the Needs of People with Disabilities, Based on Anthropometric Data
106(1)
5.6 Summary
107(2)
Chapter 6 The Use of Virtual Environments to Support the Selection of Protective Systems for Machines in Order to Reduce the Risk Associated with Their Operation
109(10)
6.1 Introduction
109(1)
6.2 Method for Testing VBPD Software
110(2)
6.3 An Example of the Potential Use of a Vision System on an Assembly Line
112(2)
6.4 An Example of the Potential Use of a Vision System to Ensure Safe Human-Robot Collaboration
114(1)
6.5 Typical Image Analysis Methods Used in Optoelectronic Protective Devices Equipped with a Vision System
114(3)
6.6 Summary
117(2)
Chapter 7 Numerical Simulations in Virtual Environments
119(34)
7.1 Introduction
119(1)
7.2 Virtual Environments for Reconstruction of Accidents at Work
119(12)
7.2.1 Introduction
119(1)
7.2.2 Reconstruction Procedure
120(1)
7.2.3 Numerical Simulation Methods
121(2)
7.2.4 Example Injury Assessment Criteria
123(4)
7.2.5 Example of a Reconstruction of an Accident Involving a Forklift
127(4)
7.2.6 Visualization of a Numerical Reconstruction of an Accident at Work
131(1)
7.3 Virtual Environments for Testing Protective Devices
131(14)
7.3.1 Introduction
131(3)
7.3.2 Examples of Safety Components That Protect the Operator against the Effects of an Accident
134(1)
7.3.3 Use of Numerical Simulations to Assess Injuries
135(1)
7.3.4 A Comparison of Operator Protection Elements Based on the Results of Numerical Simulations
135(9)
7.3.5 Conclusion
144(1)
7.4 VR Supports the Process of Collecting Data on People's Behavior Just before an Accident at Work Occurs
145(8)
7.4.1 Introduction
145(2)
7.4.2 Procedure and Test Results
147(4)
7.4.3 Summary
151(2)
Chapter 8 Summary
153(4)
References 157(10)
Index 167
Andrzej Grabowski, PhD (Eng), DSc, is Head of the Laboratory of Virtual Reality Techniques at the Department of Safety Engineering at the Central Institute for Labour Protection National Research Institute Graduate of the Faculty of Physics at the Warsaw University of Technology. His work has been concerned with issues related to neural networks, the application of machine vision in safety systems, nonlinear systems dynamics and the evolution of complex networks and propagation phenomena that take place inside them. Currently, in his work he conducts studies on the application of virtual reality in various fields, including training, cognitive functioning, telepresence and teleoperation and support rehabilitation. He also works on the development of VR techniques conducted; for example, vehicle simulators, HMD type wireless VR goggles, wireless VR gloves with force-feedback and motion capture visual measurement systems are being developed in the laboratory.
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