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E-raamat: Water and Cereals in Drylands [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

(World Agricultural Heritage Foundation, Italy)
  • Formaat: 120 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Nov-2008
  • Kirjastus: Earthscan Ltd
  • ISBN-13: 9781849773744
  • Taylor & Francis e-raamat
  • Hind: 47,08 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
  • Tavahind: 67,25 €
  • Säästad 30%
  • Formaat: 120 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Nov-2008
  • Kirjastus: Earthscan Ltd
  • ISBN-13: 9781849773744
This topic is central to contemporary concerns for more sustainable agricultural development. This is a well-written and clear book, with excellent data, tables and illustrations, addressing issues of water use, climate change, poverty and small farmers. The authors are highly respected and complement each other's acknowledged international expertise.' Professor Jules Pretty, University of Essex, UK

'This useful guide shows that there is great potential for increasing the productive capacity of smallholder farms in the drylands via a range of water management techniques, from the simple to the more complex. Providing a theoretical grounding and a practical guide, Water and cereals in the drylands will appeal to workers on-location as well as students, researchers and policymakers.' New Agriculturalist

Cereals are by far the most important source of food throughout the world, either directly for human consumption or indirectly in the form of animal feed for livestock products consumed as food. With world population set to rise to nine billion by 2050, there is an urgent need to examine ways to increase cereal production. Indeed recently the future of cereal production and consumption has been complicated by rising energy prices and the economics of biofuels, which are competing for the use of cereals. One way to increase cereal production is by the more effective use of marginal dryland areas.

This book reviews the potential for increased cereal production in drylands across the world, from the USA, Australia and Southern Europe to Asia and Africa. It describes how improved water conservation, water harvesting and investment options can contribute to this, and suggests policies for the more efficient use of existing natural resources in order to lessen the dependence of agriculture on further irrigation development.
Acknowledgements vii
Preface viii
Introduction 1(4)
Drylands, People and Land Use
5(12)
Characteristics of drylands
5(4)
Dryland people
9(1)
Land use systems in drylands
9(2)
Land degradation in drylands
11(3)
Effects of livestock on the resource base
14(1)
Effects of climate change on drylands
15(2)
Cereal Production in Drylands
17(8)
Recent trends in worldwide cereal production
17(3)
The role of livestock in cereal production
20(1)
The role of irrigation in cereal production
21(2)
Expansion of cereal production
23(2)
Enhancing Cereal Production in Drylands
25(28)
Water-use efficiency
26(2)
In situ water conservation
28(2)
Terraces
30(1)
Conservation bench terraces
31(1)
Contour furrows
31(1)
Contour bunds
31(1)
Land levelling with laser and mini benches
32(1)
Tied ridges
32(2)
Water harvesting
34(2)
Micro catchments
36(1)
Macro catchments
36(1)
Floodwater harvesting
37(1)
Rooftop water harvesting
37(1)
Factors affecting runoff
37(2)
Reducing evaporation
39(3)
Increasing soil organic matter content and fertility
42(4)
The importance of crop and cultivar selection
46(1)
Role of indigenous and introduced practices
47(2)
Combining modern with traditional technologies
49(1)
Supplementary irrigation in semi-arid regions
50(3)
Social and Economic Aspects of Dryland Investment
53(12)
Investment constraints
53(2)
Investment potential
55(1)
Opportunities and risks of growing feedstocks for biofuels in drylands
56(2)
Payments for environmental services Carbon trading
58(1)
Economics of water harvesting
58(3)
Economics of water-conservation practices
61(1)
Current scenario in dryland regions
62(3)
Wider Issues of Water in Drylands
65(40)
Conclusions
69(2)
Bibliography
71(12)
Annexes
Definitions of Drylands and Dryland Farming
83(2)
Development of Dryland Farming in Various Regions
85(8)
Background Tables
93(4)
Cereals Production Maps
97(8)
Index 105
P. Koohafkan is Director of the Natural Resources Management and Environment Department at the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, based in Rome, Italy; B.A. Stewart is Director of the Dryland Agriculture Institute at West Texas A&M University, USA, and a former president of the Soil Science Society of America.