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E-raamat: Wetlands for Tropical Applications: Wastewater Treatment by Constructed Wetlands [World Scientific e-raamat]

Edited by (Univ Of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka), Edited by (Ntu, S'pore), Edited by (Saitama Univ, Japan)
  • Formaat: 164 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 24-Jun-2011
  • Kirjastus: Imperial College Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781848162983
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • World Scientific e-raamat
  • Hind: 69,30 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
Wetlands for Tropical Applications: Wastewater Treatment by Constructed WetlandsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 164 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 24-Jun-2011
  • Kirjastus: Imperial College Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781848162983
Teised raamatud teemal:
World Scientific e-raamatudRohkem infot World Scientific e-raamatute kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/P599#t=toc
This book provides a systematic exposition of the design features of constructed wetlands, and their management (in terms of siting, physical maintenance, and operation). Only very few books (or chapters) have been published on constructed wetlands in tropical conditions and none are current. The selection of plant species, managing their growth and harvesting cycles, and the impact these have on the attenuation of organic and inorganic pollutants, nutrients, and pathogens would be of interest to students and practitioners of the art working under tropical conditions. The potential of constructed wetlands as a low-cost intervention for developing countries in tropical regions that faced water pollution problems, in particular, deserves to be explored systematically.
Preface v
Chapter 1 An Introduction to Wetlands in the Tropics 1(12)
Jagath Manatunge
W.A. U. Witharana
1.1 Definitions of Wetlands
1(2)
1.2 Geographic Distribution of Tropical Natural Wetlands
3(2)
1.3 Adoption to the Tropical Environment
5(1)
1.4 Constructed Wetlands in Tropical Climates
6(5)
1.5 Examples of Applications
11(2)
Chapter 2 The Tropical Environment 13(16)
M.I.M. Mowjood
S. Sasikala
2.1 Population and Food Production
13(5)
2.1.1 Demographics changes
15(1)
2.1.2 The rural economy
15(1)
2.1.3 Agriculture
16(2)
2.2 Changing Environments
18(4)
2.2.1 Water resources
18(2)
2.2.2 Water scarcity
20(2)
2.3 Environmental Degradation
22(3)
2.3.1 Access to safe water and pollution
22(1)
2.3.2 Wastewaters
23(2)
2.4 Protecting the Environment
25(4)
2.4.1 Wastewater management
25(1)
2.4.2 Integrated water resources management (IWRM)
26(2)
2.4.3 The role of government agencies and society
28(1)
Chapter 3 Pollutants and Wetland Treatment 29(18)
K.B.S.N. Jinadasa
G.M.P.R. Weerakoon
3.1 Wetland Treatment Process
29(10)
3.1.1 Introduction
29(1)
3.1.2 Types of wetlands
30(1)
3.1.3 Wetland configuration
31(3)
3.1.4 Wetland hydrology
34(1)
3.1.5 Soils in the wetland
35(2)
3.1.6 Wetland vegetation
37(1)
3.1.7 Role of wetland vegetation in the treatment process
38(1)
3.2 Pollutants and Their Transformations
39(8)
3.2.1 Biodegradable organics
39(2)
3.2.2 Suspended solids
41(1)
3.2.3 Nitrogen
42(2)
3.2.4 Phosphorus
44(1)
3.2.5 Sulfur
45(2)
Chapter 4 Wetland Plant Dynamics 47(22)
Norio Tanaka
S.K. Weragoda
4.1 Types of Macrophytes and Factors Affecting Their Growth
47(9)
4.1.1 Introduction
47(1)
4.1.2 Submergent macrophytes
47(2)
4.1.3 Emergent macrophytes
49(1)
4.1.4 Floating and floating-leave macrophytes
49(2)
4.1.5 Factors affecting macrophyte growth
51(2)
4.1.6 Effect of harvesting in wetlands
53(1)
4.1.7 The emission of greenhouse gases in the tropical wetlands
54(2)
4.2 Role of Macrophytes in Wetlands
56(5)
4.3 Plant Physiology
61(2)
4.4 Case Study on Growth Characteristics of Wetland Macrophytes
63(6)
Chapter 5 Design of Tropical Constructed Wetlands 69(26)
W.J. Ng
Gayan Gunaratne
5.1 The Importance of Wastewater Quality Parameters in Facility Design
69(8)
5.1.1 Influent wastewater characteristics and effluent water quality requirements
69(1)
5.1.2 Potential of wetlands for wastewater treatment under tropical conditions
70(3)
5.1.3 How wetlands improve water quality
73(4)
5.2 Process Design, Reaction Rate and Hydraulic Residence Time (HRT)
77(6)
5.2.1 Reaction rates and HRT
77(2)
5.2.2 Sizing of constructed wetland (FWS and SSF)
79(3)
5.2.3 Water depth in FWS
82(1)
5.2.4 Bed depth in SSF
82(1)
5.2.5 Effect of evaporation on the design
82(1)
5.2.6 Integration of wetland designs
83(1)
5.3 Water Quality Improvement - A Tropical Case Study
83(7)
5.3.1 Effectiveness of Scirpus grossus in the treatment of domestic wastes in a constructed wetland
83(7)
5.4 Effects of Vegetation on Water Quality Improvement
90(5)
Chapter 6 Engineering the Wetlands 95(20)
D.R.I.B. Werellagama
Sisira Karunaratne
6.1 Introduction
95(1)
6.2 Flow Control
95(4)
6.2.1 Need for flow control
95(1)
6.2.2 Inlet and outlet structures
96(3)
6.3 Substrate in Wetlands
99(1)
6.3.1 Sand and gravel
99(1)
6.3.2 Organic substrate
100(1)
6.4 Construction Aspects
100(10)
6.4.1 Site conditions
101(1)
6.4.2 Soil conditions
102(1)
6.4.3 Drainage
102(1)
6.4.4 Piping work
103(1)
6.4.5 Side walls
104(2)
6.4.6 Synthetic liners and clay liners
106(2)
6.4.7 Planting
108(2)
6.4.8 Fencing and protection
110(1)
6.5 Pre-Treatment for the Wetland System
110(1)
6.5.1 Stormwater bypass
110(1)
6.5.2 Removal of solids (screens, silt traps, and traps for floating, material)
111(1)
6.6 Maintenance of Wetlands
111(4)
6.6.1 Introduction of common aspects of failures and maintenance
111(1)
6.6.2 Frequency of maintenance of wetland plants, systems, and hydraulics
111(4)
Chapter 7 Cost and Sustainability of Constructed Wetlands 115(16)
A.K. Karunarathna
7.1 Introduction
115(3)
7.1.1 Land value and location
116(1)
7.1.2 Treatment goals
117(1)
7.1.3 Type of wetlands
117(1)
7.2 Construction Costs
118(7)
7.2.1 Basic cost components
118(7)
7.3 Operation and Maintenance Costs
125(1)
7.4 Sustainability of Constructed Wetlands in Tropics
126(5)
7.4.1 Ecological and economic sustainabilities
126(2)
7.4.2 Longevity of constructed wetlands
128(1)
7.4.3 Socio-environmental aspects of constructed wetland management - lesson learnt
129(2)
References 131(16)
Index 147
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