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E-raamat: Wireless Blockchain - Principles, Technologies and Applications: Principles, Technologies and Applications [Wiley Online]

Edited by (State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing, China), Edited by (National Research Council, Vancouver, Canada), Edited by (Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), China), Edited by (University of Glasgow, UK)
  • Formaat: 336 pages
  • Sari: IEEE Press
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Nov-2021
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-IEEE Press
  • ISBN-10: 1119790832
  • ISBN-13: 9781119790839
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Wiley Online
  • Hind: 147,97 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
Wireless Blockchain - Principles, Technologies and Applications: Principles, Technologies and ApplicationsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 336 pages
  • Sari: IEEE Press
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Nov-2021
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-IEEE Press
  • ISBN-10: 1119790832
  • ISBN-13: 9781119790839
Teised raamatud teemal:
Wiley Online e-raamatudRohkem infot Wiley Online kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119790839
"This book explores recent advances in theory and practice of blockchain technology, blockchain system and blockchain-based service/applications in various industrial sectors including manufacturing, entertainment, public safety, public transport, healthcare, financial services, automotive and energy utilities. The authors present the concept of wireless blockchain networks, with different network topology and communication protocols, for various commonly used blockchain applications, demonstrating how communication resource provision affects the blockchain performance such as scalability, throughput, latency and security levels. Presenting the state-of-the-art and providing readers with insights on how blockchain runs and co-works with the existing system (for example, 5G), the authors show how blockchain runs as a service to support all vertical sectors efficiently and effectively"--

?

Explore foundational concepts in blockchain theory with an emphasis on recent advances in theory and practice?

In?Wireless Blockchain: Principles, Technologies and Applications, accomplished researchers and authors?Bin Cao, Lei Zhang,?Mugen?Peng,?and Muhammad Ali Imran?deliver?a robust and accessible exploration of recent developments in the theory and practice of blockchain technology, systems, and?potential?application in a variety of industrial sectors, including manufacturing, entertainment, public safety,?telecommunications,?public transport, healthcare, financial services, automotive, and energy utilities.?

The book presents the concept of wireless blockchain networks with different network topologies and communication protocols for various commonly used blockchain applications. Youll discover how these variations?and how communication networks?affect?blockchain consensus performance, including scalability, throughput, latency, and security levels.??

Youll learn the state-of-the-art in blockchain technology and?find insights on how blockchain runs and co-works with existing systems, including 5G, and how blockchain runs as a service to support all vertical sectors efficiently and effectively.?Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of:?

  • A thorough introduction to?the Byzantine Generals problem, the fundamental theory of distributed system security and the foundation of blockchain technology?
  • An?overview of advances in blockchain systems, their history, and likely future trends?
  • Practical discussions of?Proof-of-Work systems as well as various Proof-of-X alternatives, including Proof-of-Stake, Proof-of-Importance, and Proof-of-Authority?
  • A concise examination of?smart contracts, including trusted transactions, smart contract functions, design processes, and related applications in 5G/B5G?
  • A?treatment of the?theoretical relationship between communication networks?and blockchain??

Perfect for?electrical engineers, industry professionals, and students and researchers in electrical engineering, computer science, and mathematics,?Wireless Blockchain: Principles, Technologies and Applications?will also earn a place in the libraries of?communication and computer system stakeholders, regulators, legislators, and research agencies.?

?

List of Contributors xiii
Preface xvii
Abbreviations xxiii
1 What is Blockchain Radio Access Network? 1(26)
Xintong Ling
Yuwei Le
Jiaheng Wang
Zhi Ding
Xiqi Gao
1.1 Introduction
1(2)
1.2 What is B-RAN
3(4)
1.2.1 B-RAN Framework
3(3)
1.2.2 Consensus Mechanism
6(1)
1.2.3 Implementation
6(1)
1.3 Mining Model
7(3)
1.3.1 Hash-Based Mining
7(1)
1.3.2 Modeling of Hash Trials
7(3)
1.3.3 Threat Model
10(1)
1.4 B-RAN Queuing Model
10(2)
1.5 Latency Analysis of B-RAN
12(6)
1.5.1 Steady-State Analysis
12(4)
1.5.2 Average Service Latency
16(2)
1.6 Security Considerations
18(2)
1.6.1 Alternative History Attack
18(1)
1.6.2 Probability of a Successful Attack
19(1)
1.7 Latency-Security Trade-off
20(2)
1.8 Conclusions and Future Works
22(1)
1.8.1 Network Effect and Congest Effect
22(1)
1.8.2 Chicken and Eggs
22(1)
1.8.3 Decentralization and Centralization
22(1)
1.8.4 Beyond Bitcoin Blockchain
22(1)
References
23(4)
2 Consensus Algorithm Analysis in Blockchain: PoW and Raft 27(46)
Taotao Wang
Dongyan Huang
Shengli Zhang
2.1 Introduction
27(3)
2.2 Mining Strategy Analysis for the PoW Consensus-Based Blockchain
30(22)
2.2.1 Blockchain Preliminaries
30(1)
2.2.2 Proof of Work and Mining
30(1)
2.2.3 Honest Mining Strategy
31(1)
2.2.4 PoW Blockchain Mining Model
32(9)
2.2.4.1 State
33(1)
2.2.4.2 Action
33(1)
2.2.4.3 Transition and Reward
34(5)
2.2.4.4 Objective Function
39(1)
2.2.4.5 Honest Mining
40(1)
2.2.4.6 Selfish Mining
40(1)
2.2.4.7 Lead Stubborn Mining
40(1)
2.2.4.8 Optimal Mining
41(1)
2.2.5 Mining Through RL
41(3)
2.2.5.1 Preliminaries for Original Reinforcement Learning Algorithm
41(1)
2.2.5.2 New Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Mining
42(2)
2.2.6 Performance Evaluations
44(8)
2.3 Performance Analysis of the Raft Consensus Algorithm
52(17)
2.3.1 Review of Raft Algorithm
52(1)
2.3.2 System Model
53(1)
2.3.3 Network Model
53(2)
2.3.4 Network Split Probability
55(2)
2.3.5 Average Number of Replies
57(1)
2.3.6 Expected Number of Received Heartbeats for a Follower
57(1)
2.3.7 Time to Transition to Candidate
58(1)
2.3.8 Time to Elect a New Leader
59(1)
2.3.9 Simulation Results
60(7)
2.3.10 Discussion
67(6)
2.3.10.1 Extended Model
67(1)
2.3.10.2 System Availability and Consensus Efficiency
68(1)
2.4 Conclusion
69(1)
Appendix A.2
69(1)
References
70(3)
3 A Low Communication Complexity Double-layer PBFT Consensus 73(20)
Chenglin Feng
Wenyu Li
Bowen Yang
Yao Sun
Lei Zhang
3.1 Introduction
73(6)
3.1.1 PBFT Applied to Blockchain
74(1)
3.1.2 From CFT to BFT
74(2)
3.1.2.1 State Machine Replication
74(1)
3.1.2.2 Primary Copy
75(1)
3.1.2.3 Quorum Voting
75(1)
3.1.3 Byzantine Generals Problem
76(1)
3.1.4 Byzantine Consensus Protocols
76(2)
3.1.4.1 Two-Phase Commit
76(1)
3.1.4.2 View Stamp
76(1)
3.1.4.3 PBFT Protocol
76(2)
3.1.5 Motivations
78(1)
3.1.6
Chapter Organizations
78(1)
3.2 Double-Layer PBFT-Based Protocol
79(5)
3.2.1 Consensus Flow
79(3)
3.2.1.1 The Client
79(2)
3.2.1.2 First-Layer Protocol
81(1)
3.2.1.3 Second-Layer Protocol
81(1)
3.2.2 Faulty Primary Elimination
82(2)
3.2.2.1 Faulty Primary Detection
82(1)
3.2.2.2 View Change
83(1)
3.2.3 Garbage Cleaning
84(1)
3.3 Communication Reduction
84(1)
3.3.1 Operation Synchronization
85(1)
3.3.2 Safety and Liveness
85(1)
3.4 Communication Complexity of Double-Layer PBFT
85(1)
3.5 Security Threshold Analysis
86(4)
3.5.1 Faulty Probability Determined
87(2)
3.5.2 Faulty Number Determined
89(1)
3.6 Conclusion
90(1)
References
90(3)
4 Blockchain-Driven Internet of Things 93(24)
Bin Cao
Weikang Liu
Mugen Peng
4.1 Introduction
93(3)
4.1.1 Challenges and Issues in IoT
93(1)
4.1.2 Advantages of Blockchain for IoT
94(1)
4.1.3 Integration of IoT and Blockchain
94(2)
4.2 Consensus Mechanism in Blockchain
96(6)
4.2.1 PoW
96(1)
4.2.2 PoS
97(1)
4.2.3 Limitations of PoW and PoS for IoT
98(1)
4.2.3.1 Resource Consumption
98(1)
4.2.3.2 Transaction Fee
98(1)
4.2.3.3 Throughput Limitation
98(1)
4.2.3.4 Confirmation Delay
98(1)
4.2.4 PBFT
98(2)
4.2.5 DAG
100(2)
4.2.5.1 Tangle
101(1)
4.2.5.2 Hashgraph
102(1)
4.3 Applications of Blockchain jn IoT
102(9)
4.3.1 Supply Chain
102(4)
4.3.1.1 Introduction
102(1)
4.3.1.2 Modified Blockchain
103(1)
4.3.1.3 Integrated Architecture
104(1)
4.3.1.4 Security Analysis
105(1)
4.3.2 Smart City
106(5)
4.3.2.1 Introduction
106(1)
4.3.2.2 Smart Contract System
107(2)
4.3.2.3 Main Functions of the Framework
109(1)
4.3.2.4 Discussion
110(1)
4.4 Issues and Challenges of Blockchain in IoT
111(1)
4.4.1 Resource Constraints
111(1)
4.4.2 Security Vulnerability
111(1)
4.4.3 Privacy Leakage
112(1)
4.4.4 Incentive Mechanism
112(1)
4.5 Conclusion
112(1)
References
112(5)
5 Hyperledger Blockchain-Based Distributed Marketplaces for 5G Networks 117(20)
Nima Afraz
Marco Ruffini
Hamed Ahmadi
5.1 Introduction
117(1)
5.2 Marketplaces in Telecommunications
118(5)
5.2.1 Wireless Spectrum Allocation
119(1)
5.2.2 Network Slicing
119(1)
5.2.3 Passive optical networks (PON) Sharing
120(1)
5.2.4 Enterprise Blockchain: Hyperledger Fabric
121(2)
5.2.4.1 Shared Ledger
122(1)
5.2.4.2 Organizations
122(1)
5.2.4.3 Consensus Protocol
122(1)
5.2.4.4 Network Peers
122(1)
5.2.4.5 Smart Contracts (chaincodes)
123(1)
5.2.4.6 Channels
123(1)
5.3 Distributed Resource Sharing Market
123(3)
5.3.1 Market Mechanism (Auction)
125(1)
5.3.2 Preliminaries
125(1)
5.4 Experimental Design and Results
126(7)
5.4.1 Experimental Blockchain Deployment
127(1)
5.4.1.1 Cloud Infrastructure
127(1)
5.4.1.2 Container Orchestration: Docker Swarm
127(1)
5.4.2 Blockchain Performance Evaluation
127(1)
5.4.3 Benchmark Apparatus
128(3)
5.4.3.1 Hyperledger Caliper
130(1)
5.4.3.2 Data Collection: Prometheus Monitor
130(1)
5.4.4 Experimental Results
131(8)
5.4.4.1 Maximum Transaction Throughput
131(1)
5.4.4.2 Block Size
131(1)
5.4.4.3 Network Size
131(2)
5.5 Conclusions
133(1)
References
133(4)
6 Blockchain for Spectrum Management in 6G Networks 137(24)
Asuquo A. Okon
Olusegun S. Sholiyi
Jaafar M.H. Elmirghani
Kumudu Munasighe
6.1 Introduction
137(2)
6.2 Background
139(4)
6.2.1 Rise of Micro-operators
139(1)
6.2.2 Case for Novel Spectrum Sharing Models
140(3)
6.2.2.1 Blockchain for Spectrum Sharing
141(1)
6.2.2.2 Blockchain in 6G Networks
142(1)
6.3 Architecture of an Integrated SDN and Blockchain Model
143(6)
6.3.1 SDN Platform Design
143(1)
6.3.2 Blockchain Network Layer Design
144(2)
6.3.3 Network Operation and Spectrum Management
146(3)
6.4 Simulation Design
149(3)
6.5 Results and Analysis
152(4)
6.5.1 Radio Access Network and Throughput
152(2)
6.5.2 Blockchain Performance
154(1)
6.5.3 Blockchain Scalability Performance
155(1)
6.6 Conclusion
156(1)
Acknowledgments
156(1)
References
157(4)
7 Integration of MEC and Blockchain 161(18)
Bin Cao
Weikang Liu
Mugen Peng
7.1 Introduction
161(1)
7.2 Typical Framework
162(4)
7.2.1 Blockchain-Enabled MEC
162(2)
7.2.1.1 Background
162(1)
7.2.1.2 Framework Description
162(2)
7.2.2 MEC-Based Blockchain
164(2)
7.2.2.1 Background
164(1)
7.2.2.2 Framework Description
164(2)
7.3 Use Cases
166(8)
7.3.1 Security Federated Learning via MEC-Enabled Blockchain Network
166(4)
7.3.1.1 Background
166(1)
7.3.1.2 Blockchain-Driven Federated Learning
167(1)
7.3.1.3 Experimental Results
167(3)
7.3.2 Blockchain-Assisted Secure Authentication for Cross-Domain Industrial IoT
170(11)
7.3.2.1 Background
170(1)
7.3.2.2 Blockchain-Driven Cross-Domain Authentication
170(2)
7.3.2.3 Experimental Results
172(2)
7.4 Conclusion
174(1)
References
174(5)
8 Performance Analysis on Wireless Blockchain IoT System 179(22)
Yao Sun
Lei Zhang
Paulo Klaine
Bin Cao
Muhammad Ali Imran
8.1 Introduction
179(2)
8.2 System Model
181(3)
8.2.1 Blockchain-Enabled IoT Network Model
181(2)
8.2.2 Wireless Communication Model
183(1)
8.3 Performance Analysis in Blockchain-Enabled Wireless IoT Networks
184(5)
8.3.1 Probability Density Function of SINR
185(2)
8.3.2 TDP Transmission Successful Rate
187(2)
8.3.3 Overall Communication Throughput
189(1)
8.4 Optimal FN Deployment
189(1)
8.5 Security Performance Analysis
190(2)
8.5.1 Eclipse Attacks
190(2)
8.5.2 Random Link Attacks
192(1)
8.5.3 Random FN Attacks
192(1)
8.6 Numerical Results and Discussion
192(5)
8.6.1 Simulation Settings
193(1)
8.6.2 Performance Evaluation without Attacks
193(4)
8.7
Chapter Summary
197(1)
References
197(4)
9 Utilizing Blockchain as a Citizen-Utility for Future Smart Grids 201(24)
Samuel Karumba
Volkan Dedeoglu
Ali Dorri
Raja Jurdak
Salil S. Kanhere
9.1 Introduction
201(3)
9.2 DET Using Citizen-Utilities
204(9)
9.2.1 Prosumer Community Groups
204(3)
9.2.1.1 Microgrids
205(1)
9.2.1.2 Virtual Power Plants (VPP)
206(1)
9.2.1.3 Vehicular Energy Networks (VEN)
206(1)
9.2.2 Demand Side Management
207(4)
9.2.2.1 Energy Efficiency
208(1)
9.2.2.2 Demand Response
209(1)
9.2.2.3 Spinning Reserves
210(1)
9.2.3 Open Research Challenges
211(2)
9.2.3.1 Scalability and IoT Overhead Issues
211(1)
9.2.3.2 Privacy Leakage Issues
212(1)
9.2.3.3 Standardization and Interoperability Issues
212(1)
9.3 Improved Citizen-Utilities
213(7)
9.3.1 Toward Scalable Citizen-Utilities
213(3)
9.3.1.1 Challenges
213(1)
9.3.1.2 HARB Framework-Based Citizen-Utility
214(2)
9.3.2 Toward Privacy-Preserving Citizen-Utilities
216(12)
9.3.2.1 Threat Model
217(2)
9.3.2.2 PDCH System
219(1)
9.4 Conclusions
220(1)
References
221(4)
10 Blockchain-enabled COVID-19 Contact Tracing Solutions 225(20)
Hong Kong
Zaixin Zhang
Junyi Dong
Hao Xu
Paulo Valente Klaine
Lei Zhang
10.1 Introduction
225(3)
10.2 Preliminaries of BeepTrace
228(3)
10.2.1 Motivation
228(2)
10.2.1.1 Comprehensive Privacy Protection
229(1)
10.2.1.2 Performance is Uncompromising
229(1)
10.2.1.3 Broad Community Participation
229(1)
10.2.1.4 Inclusiveness and Openness
230(1)
10.2.2 Two Implementations are Based on Different Matching Protocols
230(1)
10.3 Modes of BeepTrace
231(6)
10.3.1 BeepTrace-Active
231(2)
10.3.1.1 Active Mode Workflow
231(1)
10.3.1.2 Privacy Protection of BeepTrace-Active
232(1)
10.3.2 BeepTrace-Passive
233(4)
10.3.2.1 Two-Chain Architecture and Workflow
233(2)
10.3.2.2 Privacy Protection in BeepTrace-Passive
235(2)
10.4 Future Opportunity and Conclusions
237(4)
10.4.1 Preliminary Approach
237(1)
10.4.2 Future Directions
238(2)
10.4.2.1 Network Throughput and Scalability
238(1)
10.4.2.2 Technology for Elders and Minors
239(1)
10.4.2.3 Battery Drainage and Storage Optimization
240(1)
10.4.2.4 Social and Economic Aspects
240(1)
10.4.3 Concluding Remarks
240(1)
References
241(4)
11 Blockchain Medical Data Sharing 245(24)
Qi Xia
Jianbin Gao
Sandro Amofa
11.1 Introduction
245(21)
11.1.1 General Overview
248(1)
11.1.2 Defining Challenges
248(2)
11.1.2.1 Data Security
248(1)
11.1.2.2 Data Privacy
248(1)
11.1.2.3 Source Identity
248(1)
11.1.2.4 Data Utility
249(1)
11.1.2.5 Data Interoperability
249(1)
11.1.2.6 Trust
249(1)
11.1.2.7 Data Provenance
249(1)
11.1.2.8 Authenticity
250(1)
11.1.3 Sharing Paradigms
250(10)
11.1.3.1 Institution-to-Institution Data Sharing
251(5)
11.1.3.2 Patient-to-Institution Data Sharing
256(1)
11.1.3.3 Patient-to-Patient Data Sharing
257(3)
11.1.4 Special Use Cases
260(6)
11.1.4.1 Precision Medicine
261(2)
11.1.4.2 Monetization of Medical Data
263(1)
11.1.4.3 Patient Record Regeneration
264(2)
11.1.5 Conclusion
266(1)
Acknowledgments
266(1)
References
266(3)
12 Decentralized Content Vetting in Social Network with Blockchain 269(28)
Subhasis Thakur
John G. Breslin
12.1 Introduction
269(1)
12.2 Related Literature
270(1)
12.3 Content Propagation Models in Social Network
271(2)
12.4 Content Vetting with Blockchains
273(5)
12.4.1 Overview of the Solution
273(1)
12.4.2 Unidirectional Offline Channel
273(2)
12.4.3 Content Vetting with Blockchains
275(3)
12.5 Optimized Channel Networks
278(2)
12.6 Simulations of Content Propagation
280(6)
12.7 Evaluation with Simulations of Social Network
286(7)
12.8 Conclusion
293(1)
Acknowledgment
293(1)
References
294(3)
Index 297
Bin Cao, PhD, is an Associate Professor/Researcher in the State Key Laboratory of Network and Switching Technology at Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT). Before that, he was an Associate Professor at Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications. He was an international visitor at the Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), and a research fellow at the National University of Singapore. His research interests include blockchain systems, internet of things, and mobile edge computing.

Lei Zhang, PhD, is a Senior Lecturer at the University of Glasgow, UK. He has 19 patents granted/filed in 30+ countries/regions including US/UK/EU/China/Japan/Singapore. He has published 3 books and over 100 peer-reviewed papers. His research was reported by BBC and Bloomberg. Dr Zhangs research focuses on wireless communications, Blockchain, IoT, data privacy and security.

Mugen Peng, PhD, is the Dean of the School of Information and Communication Engineering, and the Deputy Director of State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing, China. He is now or has been on the Editorial/Associate Editorial Board of the IEEE Communications Magazine, the IEEE Internet of Things Journal, the IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, the IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering, and IEEE Network.

Muhammad Ali Imran is Dean at the University of Glasgow, UK, UESTC and Professor of Communication Systems and Head of Communications Sensing and Imaging Group in the James Watt School of Engineering at the University of Glasgow, UK. He is a Visiting Professor at the University of Surrey and an Adjunct Professor at the University of Oklahoma, US. He has been awarded 15 patents, has authored/co-authored 8 books, over 400 journal and conference publications, and has been PI/Co-I on over £25 million research grants and contracts.
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