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E-raamat: Word Prosodic Systems in the Languages of Europe [De Gruyter e-raamatud]

  • De Gruyter e-raamatud
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One of a series of nine volumes presenting the results of the research project Typology of Languages in Europe, carried out by linguistic scholars from across the continent. The first six studies are thematic treatments of the metrical dimensions of language, and include discussions of word accent, stress domains, the rhythmic organization of compounds and phrases, word prosody and intonation, the phonetic manifestation of word stress, and diachronic prosody. They each illustrate their topic with examples from a number of languages. The other nine studies are a survey of word prosody systems in European languages and case studies of Germanic, Romance, Slavic, Baltic, and Daghestanian languages and of Greek and Basque. Many of them include sections on specific languages by different authors. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

The series is a platform for contributions of all kinds to this rapidly developing field. General problems are studied from the perspective of individual languages, language families, language groups, or language samples. Conclusions are the result of a deepened study of empirical data. Special emphasis is given to little-known languages, whose analysis may shed new light on long-standing problems in general linguistics.

Research on language universals and research on linguistic typology are not antagonistic, but rather complementary approaches to the same fundamental problem: the relationship between the amazing diversity of languages and the profound unity of language. Only if the true extent of typological divergence is recognized can universal laws be formulated. In recent years it has become more and more evident that a broad range of languages of radically different types must be carefully analyzed before general theories are possible. Typological comparison of this kind is now at the centre of linguistic research.

The series empirical approaches to language typology presents a platform for contributions of all kinds to this rapidly developing field. The distinctive feature of the series is its markedly empirical orientation. All conclusions to be reached are the result of a deepened study of empirical data. General problems are focused on from the perspective of individual languages, language families, language groups, or language samples. Special emphasis is given to the analysis of phenomena from little known languages, which shed new light on long-standing problems in general linguistics.

The series is open to contributions from different theoretical persuasions. It thus reflects the methodological pluralism that characterizes the present situation. Care is taken that all volumes be accessible to every linguist and, moreover, to every reader specializing in some domain related to human language.

A deeper understanding of human language in general, based on a detailed analysis of typological diversity among individual languages, is fundamental for many sciences, not only for linguists. Therefore, this series has proven to be indispensable in every research library, be it public or private, which has a specialization in language and the language sciences.

To discuss your book idea or submit a proposal, please contact Birgit Sievert.

Contributors xxiii Abbreviations xxvii Part I -- Thematic
Chapters Word accent 3(114) Harry van der Hulst Introduction 3(1) Basic concepts 4(17) Accent 4(6) Syllable weight 10(5) Fixed accent, free accent and morphology 15(6) Metrical theory 21(45) The lexicographic practice 21(3) The foot 24(5) Weight sensitivity 29(2) Retraction rules 31(2) Extrametricality 33(3) Foot typology 36(14) Unbounded feet 50(3) The treatment of exceptions 53(13) Overview 66(11) The development of metrical theory 66(2) The prosodic hierarchy 68(2) Variants of metrical theory 70(2) Primary Accent First theory 72(3) Optimality theory 75(2) Accent and tone 77(18) Tone 78(1) Monomelodic systems: three alternatives 79(9) Polymelodic systems 88(4) The phonetic manifestation of tone 92(1) Accent locations in tonal accent languages 93(1) Summary 94(1) Terms, transcriptions and conventions 95(1) Concluding remark 96(21) Stress domains 117(44) Marina Nespor Introduction 117(1) The prosodic hierarchy 117(9) The mapping of compounds onto prosodic structure 126(14) The morphological constituent structure of compounds 127(2) The phonological structure of compounds 129(11) Postlexical word stress readjustments 140(11) Stress readjustments within the clitic group 140(5) Word stress readjustments in the phonology of rhythm: the intonational phrase 145(6) Conclusions 151(10) The rhythmic organization of compounds and phrases 161(72) Ellis Visch Introduction 161(4) Stress shift and stress strengthening: theoretical background 165(14) ``Tree-cum-grid theory 165(2) ``Tree-only theory 167(1) ``Grid-only theory 168(1) ``Tree-cum-grid theory revisited 169(8) Gussenhoven (1991) 177(2) Conclusion 179(1) Bracketed grids: the assignment of stress above the word level 179(9) Introduction 180(1) The Faithfulness Condition 181(2) Exhaustive versus non-exhaustive parsing 183(4) Summary 187(1) Move x and Add x n English 188(9) Ordinary right- and left-branching structures 188(3) Internal rhythm 191(5) English compounds 196(1) Summary 196(1) The case of Dutch: a comparison with English 197(9) Uni-directional adjustments in Dutch phrases and compounds 197(5) Interactions 202(3) Summary 205(1) Language sketches 206(15) Italian 206(4) Catalan and Modern Greek 210(1) Polish 211(3) German 214(3) Spanish 217(3) Other languages (Swedish, Danish, Finnish, French) 220(1) Summary and conclusions 221(12) Word prosody and intonation 233(40) Carlos Gussenhoven Gosta Bruce Introduction 233(2) Lexical and postlexical tones 235(18) Stockholm Swedish 237(5) Venlo Dutch 242(11) Intonation and secondary stress 253(13) The timing of the Swedish focal H in compounds 255(4) The dutch chanted call 259(7) Summary and conclusions 266(7) The phonetic manifestation of word stress 273(62) Grzegorz Dogil Briony Williams The phonetic manifestation of word stress in Lithuanian, Polish and German Spanish 273(38) Grzegorz Dogil Introduction 273(2) Phonetic dimensions of word stress: articulatory, auditory, and acoustic 275(3) Acoustic correlates of word stress in Lithuanian 278(6) Acoustic correlates of word stress in Polish 284(7) Acoustic correlates of word stress in German 291(8) Phonetic cues to non-primary stress - Polish and Spanish 299(10) Conclusion 309(2) The Phonetic manifestation of stress in Welsh 311(24) Briony Williams Background 311(3) Measurements of speech production 314(3) Speech perception experiment 317(6) Discussion 323(1) Summary and conclusions 324(11) Diachronic prosody 335(90) Aditi Lahiri Tomas Riad Haike Jacobs Introduction 335(1) Common Germanic 335(6) Primary stress 338(1) Secondary stress 339(2) West Germanic 341(15) The early period 343(4) The middle period 347(9) North Germanic 356(8) Reduction 356(5) Expansion 361(3) Typology of Germanic quantity shift 364(3) Development of tonal accents 367(7) Scandinavian Accent II 367(5) Tone in Limburgian and Rhine Franconian dialects 372(2) Romance loans 374(4) Romance 378(22) Latin 378(10) From Latin to Romance 388(4) From Latin to French 392(7) Summary and discussion 399(1) Summary of types of changes in metrical systems 400(25) Changes in quantity 400(1) Foot type and word edge 401(1) Treatment of loans 401(1) Why, how and universals 401(24) Part II -- Case Studies A survey of word prosodic systems of European languages 425(52) Harry van der Hulst Bernadet Hendriks Jeroen van de Weijer Introduction 425(1) Language summaries 425(31) Language analyzed in this book 425(17) Languages not analyzed in this book 442(14) Classification by type 456(21) Classification by type per (sub)family 456(6) Classification by accent location 462(1) Classification by area 463(14) Word-stress in West-Germanic and North-Germanic languages 477(128) Win Zonneveld Mieke Trommelen Michael Jessen Gosta Bruce Kristjan Arnason Introduction 477(1) Wim Zonneveld Word stress in West-Germanic languages 478(67) Mieke Trommelen Wim Zonneveld English 478(14) Dutch 492(23) German 515(30) Michael Jessen Word stress in North-Germanic languages 545(60) Norwegian 545(9) Curtis Rice Swedish 554(13) Gosta bruce Icelandic and Faroese 567(38) Kristjan Arnason Word tone in Germanic languages 605(54) Gosta Bruce Ben Hermans Scandinavian languages 605(28) Gosta Bruce Introduction 605(3) Prominence levels 608(4) Accentual structure 612(15) Interaction between accentual and rhythmical structure 627(4) Summary and conclusions 631(2) A description of tonal accent in a Limburgian dialect 633(26) Ben Hermans Introduction 633(1) Aspects of the phonological system that have a bearing on the distribution of tone 634(3) The realization of the tones: their constrastive functioning 637(3) Distributional gaps 640(4) An analysis 644(9) Summary 653(6) Stress in the Romance languages 659(154) Iggy M. Roca Introduction 659(7) Latin stress 659(2) The Romance languages 661(5) Syllable windows and extrametricality 666(19) Overview 666(4) The three-syllable window 670(13) The two-syllable window 683(2) Closed syllables 685(17) Quantity sensitivity 685(12) Stem-final palatals 697(5) Verbs 702(35) Basic Morphology 702(2) Morphologically transparent stress 704(2) TV allomorphy 706(3) Morpheme merger 709(3) The imperfect indicative 712(3) The future and the conditional 715(5) The presents 720(9) Formal apparatus 729(8) Interaction with morphology 737(32) World compounds 737(10) Adverbs from latin -mente 747(4) Word-internal double stress in Romansh 751(2) The Portuguese diminutive 753(4) Cyclic and non-cyclic application 757(12) Summary and conclusions 769(44) Slavic languages 813(64) Grzegorz Dogil Jadranka Gvozdanovic Sandro Kodzasov West Slavic 813(26) Grzegorz Dogil Introduction 813(2) Descriptive framework 815(3) Czech 818(8) Slovak 826(2) Sorbian 828(1) Polish 829(8) Quantity-sensitive systems of West Slavic 837(2) South Slavic 839(13) Jadranka Gvozdanovic Introduction 839(1) Western Macedonian 840(3) Eastern Macedonian and Bulgarian 843(1) Slovene 843(6) Croatian and Serbian 849(3) Comparison of Croatian and Serbian with Slovene and conclusion 852(1) Russian 852(1) Sandro Kodzasov Introduction 852(25) Stress placement in declension 856(7) Stress placement in derived words 863(2) Metrical patterns of non-compounds 865(2) Stress in compounds 867(1) Conclusion 868(9) Baltic languages 877(20) Gregorz Dogil Introduction 877(1) Lighuanian 877(13) Basic stress patterns 878(4) Stress advancement 882(1) Stress retraction in dialects 883(2) Natural classes of accents 885(2) Analysis 887(3) Conclusion 890(1) Latvian 890(7) Greek word accent 897(50) Gabriel Drachman Angeliki Malikouti-Drachman Introduction 897(1) The parameters 897(1) Unstressed, underived and uninflected words 898(3) Unstressed forms 898(1) Underived and uninflected words 899(2) Adjectives 901(4) Introduction 901(1) The o-class 901(1) Some further classes 902(1) Inflection and the adjective 903(1) Stress and allomorphy in derived adjectives 904(1) Nouns 905(5) The prosodic status of inflection 905(2) The noun classes and extrametricality 907(1) Allomorphy in derived nouns 908(2) The verb 910(5) Introduction 910(1) The data and patterning 911(1) Explanations for the stress alternations 912(1) The proposed analysis 912(2) A reassessment of nominal stress 914(1) The clitics 915(4) Introduction 916(1) Clitics and stress 916(1) Proclitics versus enclitics 917(1) Epenthesis 918(1) Dialectal variation of the verb 919(5) Introduction 919(1) The data 920(1) Stems versus endings 920(1) Exemplification 921(1) Leftward stem stress iteration 921(1) Extended endings in the dialects 922(1) Clitic stressing in the dialects 923(1) Prefixing 924(4) Prefixing: the verb 924(2) Prefixing with the adjective 926(1) Prefixing with the noun 927(1) Compounds 928(6) The properties of compounds in Greek 928(1) The types of compounds 928(2) The two stress domains 930(1) Stress alignment 930(2) A remark on semantics 932(1) Visibility of prosodic domains 932(1) Further diagnostics 933(1) Summary and conclusions 934(13) Summary 935(2) Conclusions 937(10) Basque accentuation 947(48) Jose Ignacio Hualde Introduction 947(3) The Western type 950(19) The Northern Biscayan Pitch-accent systems 950(16) Zeberio (Southwestern Biscayan) 966(3) The Central type 969(5) Onati 969(3) Other Gipuzkoan varieties with pre-initial accentuation 972(1) Bidasoa Valley 973(1) The Hondarribia type 974(2) The Northern High Navarrese type 976(1) The Southern High Navarrese type 976(1) The Labourdin/low Navarrese type 977(1) The Souletin/Roncalese or Eastern type 978(5) Souletin 978(3) Roncalese 981(2) Summary and conclusions 983(12) Caucasian: Daghestanian languages 995(26) Sandro Kodzasov General information on the Daghestanian language family 995(1) Basic prosodic types, distribution and general characteristics 996(2) Examples arranged according to family and prosodic type 998(20) Northern languages 998(11) Southern languages 1009(9) Conclusion 1018(3) Index of authors 1021(10) Index of languages 1031(8) Index of subjects 1039