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E-raamat: 3D Displays [Wiley Online]

(University of Stuttgart, Germany)
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3D DisplaysSuurem pilt
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Wiley Online e-raamatudRohkem infot Wiley Online kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119962762
This book addresses electrical engineers, physicists, designers of flat panel displays (FDPs), students and also scientists from other disciplines interested in understanding the various 3D technologies. A timely guide is provided to the present status of development in 3D display technologies, ready to be commercialized as well as to future technologies.

Having presented the physiology of 3D perception, the book progresses to a detailed discussion of the five 3D technologies: stereoscopic and autostereoscopic displays; integral imaging; holography and volumetric displays, and:

  • Introduces spatial and temporal multiplex for the two views needed for stereoscopic and autostereoscopic displays;
  • Outlines dominant components such as retarders for stereoscopic displays, and fixed as well as adjustable lenticular lenses and parallax barriers for auto- stereoscopic displays;
  • Examines the high speed required for 240 Hz frames provided by parallel addressing and the recently proposed interleaved image processing;
  • Explains integral imaging, a true 3D system, based on the known lenticulars which is explored up to the level of a 3D video projector using real and virtual images;
  • Renders holographic 3D easier to understand by using phasors known from electrical engineering and optics leading up to digital computer generated holograms;
  • Shows volumetric displays to be limited by the number of stacked FPDs; and,
  • Presents algorithms stemming from computer science to assess 3D image quality and to allow for bandwidth saving transmission of 3D TV signals.

The Society for Information Display (SID) is an international society, which has the aim of encouraging the development of all aspects of the field of information display. Complementary to the aims of the society, the Wiley-SID series is intended to explain the latest developments in information display technology at a professional level. The broad scope of the series addresses all facets of information displays from technical aspects through systems and prototypes to standards and ergonomics

Preface xi
Series Preface xiii
Introduction xv
1 The Physiology of 3D Perception
1(12)
1.1 Binocular Viewing or Human Stereopsis
1(2)
1.2 The Mismatch of Accommodation and Disparity and the Depths of Focus and of Field
3(3)
1.3 Distance Scaling of Disparity
6(1)
1.4 Interocular Crosstalk
7(3)
1.5 Psychological Effects for Depth Perception
10(1)
1.6 High-Level Cognitive Factor
10(3)
Acknowledgments
11(1)
References
11(2)
2 Stereoscopic Displays
13(60)
2.1 Stereoscopic Displays with Area Multiplexing
13(13)
2.1.1 Retarders for the generation of polarizations
13(7)
2.1.2 Wire grid polarizers for processing of the second view
20(2)
2.1.3 Stereoscopic display with two LCDs
22(4)
2.2 Combined Area and Time Division Multiplex for 3D Displays
26(5)
2.3 Stereoscopic Time Sequential Displays
31(10)
2.3.1 Time sequential viewing with an active retarder
31(2)
2.3.2 Fast time sequential 3D displays by the use of OCB LCDs
33(1)
2.3.3 Time sequential 3D displays with black insertions
33(8)
2.4 Special Solutions for Stereoscopic Displays
41(7)
2.5 Stereoscopic Projectors
48(12)
2.6 Interleaved, Simultaneous, and Progressive Addressing of AMOLEDs and AMLCDs
60(8)
2.7 Photo-Induced Alignment for Retarders and Beam Splitters
68(5)
Acknowledgments
68(1)
References
69(4)
3 Autostereoscopic Displays
73(60)
3.1 Spatially Multiplexed Multiview Autostereoscopic Displays with Lenticular Lenses
73(12)
3.2 Spatially Multiplexed Multiview Autostereoscopic Displays with Lenticular Lenses
85(10)
3.3 Autostereoscopic Displays with Fixed and Switchable Parallax Barriers
95(9)
3.4 Time Sequential Autostereoscopic Displays and Directional Backlights
104(11)
3.4.1 Time sequential displays with special mirrors or 3D films
105(4)
3.4.2 Time sequential displays with directionally switched backlights
109(6)
3.5 Depth-Fused 3D Displays
115(10)
3.6 Single and Multiview 3D Displays with a Light Guide
125(4)
3.7 Test of 3D Displays and Medical Applications
129(4)
Acknowledgments
129(1)
References
130(3)
4 Assessment of Quality of 3D Displays
133(52)
4.1 Introduction and Overview
133(2)
4.2 Retrieving Quality Data from Given Images
135(1)
4.3 Algorithms Based on Objective Measures Providing Disparity or Depth Maps
136(10)
4.3.1 The algorithm based on the sum of absolute differences
136(4)
4.3.2 Smoothness and edge detection in images
140(6)
4.4 An Algorithm Based on Subjective Measures
146(7)
4.5 The Kanade-Lucas-Toman (KLT) Feature Tracking Algorithm
153(5)
4.6 Special Approaches for 2D to 3D Conversion
158(7)
4.6.1 Conversion of 2D to 3D images based on motion parallax
159(2)
4.6.2 Conversion from 2D to 3D based on depth cues in still pictures
161(1)
4.6.3 Conversion from 2D to 3D based on gray shade and luminance setting
162(3)
4.7 Reconstruction of 3D Images from Disparity Maps Pertaining to Monoscopic 2D or 3D Originals
165(20)
4.7.1 Preprocessing of the depth map
165(2)
4.7.2 Warping of the image creating the left and the right eye views
167(5)
4.7.3 Disocclusions and hole-filling
172(4)
4.7.4 Special systems for depth image-based rendering (DIBR)
176(6)
Acknowledgments
182(1)
References
183(2)
5 Integral Imaging
185(32)
5.1 The Basis of Integral Imaging
186(2)
5.2 Enhancement of Depth, Viewing Angle, and Resolution of 3D Integral Images
188(8)
5.2.1 Enhancement of depth
189(4)
5.2.2 Enlargement of viewing angle
193(2)
5.2.3 Enhancing resolution
195(1)
5.3 Integral Videography
196(11)
5.4 Convertible 2D/3D Integral Imaging
207(10)
Acknowledgments
214(1)
References
214(3)
6 Holography for 3D Displays
217(20)
6.1 Introduction and Overview
217(1)
6.2 Recording a Hologram and Reconstruction of the Original 3D Image
218(9)
6.3 A Holographic Screen
227(2)
6.4 Digital Holography Based on the Fourier Transform
229(3)
6.5 A Holographic Laser Projector
232(5)
Acknowledgments
235(1)
References
235(2)
7 Volumetric 3D Displays
237(16)
7.1 The Nature of Volumetric Displays
237(1)
7.2 Accessing and Activating Voxels in Static Volumetric Displays
238(7)
7.3 Swept Volume or Mechanical 3D Displays
245(8)
Acknowledgments
252(1)
References
252(1)
8 A Shot at the Assessment of 3D Technologies
253(4)
Index 257
Ernst Lueder, (retired), Department of Electrical Communications, University of Stuttgart, Germany Ernst Lueder is Professor Emeritus at the University of Stuttgart, Germany. He was Director of the Institute of Network and Systems Theory at Stuttgart University until 1999, and also headed up a DM 80 million research laboratory for the fabrication of flat panel displays. He is an IEEE Fellow, as well as a Fellow of SID and in 2009, received SIDs Slottow-Owaki award. Prof. Lueder has also been awarded the order of merit 1st Class of the Federal Republic of Germany. From 2000 until very recently in 2010, Prof. Lueder was President of the Electro Optical Consultancy. He has previously authored 2 editions of Liquid Crystal Displays: Addressing Schemes and Electro-Optical Effects published by Wiley.
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