In this detailed retelling of three iconic movements in India, (Chipko, Narmada and Navdanya) Professor Emerita Krishna Mallick, PhD, gives hope to grassroots activists working toward environmental justice.
In her detailed retelling of three iconic movements in India, Professor Emerita Krishna Mallick, PhD, gives hope to grassroots activists working toward environmental justice. Each movement deals with a different crisis and affected population: Chipko, famed for tree-hugging women in the Himalayan forest; Narmada, for villagers displaced by a massive dam; and Navdanya, for hundreds of thousands of farmers whose livelihoods were lost to a compact made by the Indian government and neoliberal purveyors of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Relentlessly researched, Environmental Movements of India: Chipko, Narmada Bachao Andolan, Navdanya presents these movements in a framework that explores Hindu Vedic wisdom, as well as Development Ethics, Global Environment Ethics, Feminist Care Ethics, and the Capability Approach. At a moment when the climate threatens populations who live closest to nature – and depend upon its fodder for heat, its water for life, and its seeds for food – Mallick shows how nonviolent action can give poor people an effective voice.
Acknowledgments, Foreword (Frances Moore Lappé), Glossary, Introduction:
Three Grassroots Movements That Made a Global Impact, Principles of
Environmental Philosophy, (1) Environmental Justice, (2) Intergenerational
Equality, (3) Respect for Nature, 1 Historical and Cultural Contexts in
India, 1.1 'Legal' Destruction of India's Forests, 1.1.1 Acts Spark Peasant
Protests, 1.2 A Cultural Leader Emerges, 1.2.1 Nonviolence and Gandhi's
Truth, 1.2.2 How Chipko Followed Hinduism through Gandhi, 1.2.3 How NBA
Followed Hinduism through Gandhi, 1.2.4 How Navdanya Followed Hinduism
through Gandhi, 1.2.5 Ecology and Social Justice, 1.3 Conclusion, 2 Chipko
(Hug the Trees) Movement, 2.1 A Physical Act of Survival, 2.1.1 Sacred Texts
and Social Justice, 2.2 Preconditions and Formation of the Chipko Movement,
2.2.1 Workers Organize for Nonviolent Action, 2.2.2 Suffering by Means of
Fasting and Foot March, 2.3 Laudable Leaders, 2.3.1 Women's Role in the
Chipko Movement, 2.4 Critical Reception of the Chipko Movement, 2.4.1
Questions about Chipko's Popularity and Success, 2.5 Conclusion, 3 Narmada
Bachao Andolan (NBA): Save the Narmada, 3.1 The Common Good in a Cost-Benefit
Analysis, 3.1.1 A Recursive History of Dam-Building, 3.2 Regional Tensions
from the Start, 3.2.1 Amid Unrest, NGOs Align to Form NBA, 3.2.2 National and
Global Ramifications, 3.3 Gender and the Narmada Case, 3.3.1 Roles for
Displaced Women, 3.4 Gendered Dimensions of Neoliberal Capitalist
Development, 3.5 Reasons for the Success of the NBA, 3.6 Conclusion, 4
Navdanya (Nine Seeds) Movement, 4.1 The Terrible Human Toll of GM Crops,
4.1.1 Shifting Economics, 4.2 Emergence of Anti-GM Movements, 4.2.1 KRRS:
Fiery Fields of Protest, 4.2.2 Gene Campaign: Secure Food and Climate, 4.2.3
Navdanya's Holistic Approach, 4.3 Food Sovereignty, 4.3.1 Biodiverse Organic
Farming, 4.4 Biodiversity and Climate Change, 4.4.1 Entrepreneurial Renewal,
4.5 Navdanya and Social Justice, 4.5.1 Civil Disobedience, 4.5.2 Human Right
to Food, 4.5.3 Protecting the Global South, 4.6 Shiva's View of Earth
Democracy, 4.7 Genetically Modified Crops and the Future, 4.8 Conclusion, 5
Moral Implications of Environmental Movements, 5.1 The Mesmerizing Power of
Nonviolence, 5.1.1 An Ecological Warrior, 5.1.2 Truth at All Costs, 5.2
Defining Views of Globalism, 5.2.1 Technological Prowess, 5.3 Core Values of
Development Ethics, 5.3.1 Environmental Justice for All, 5.4 Ecofeminism:
Ethics of Mutual Care and Connection, 5.4.1 Ecofeminist Roots in the Chipko
Movement, 5.4.2 Southern Materialist Ecofeminism, 5.5 Conclusion, 6 Hindu
Ethics and Ecology, 6.1 Historical Background of Hinduism, 6.2 Comparison of
Hindu Dharma and Ethics in the West, 6.2.1 The Gita and Dharma, 6.2.2 The
Ramayana and Dharma, 6.2.3 The Yogasutra and Dharma, 6.3 Hindu Dharma,
Ecology, and Sustainability, 6.3.1 Hindu Dharma and Applications in
Ecologically Sustainable Development, 6.4 Ways Hindus Connect to Nature, 6.5
Influence of Symbolic Traditions on Some Environmental Cases, 6.6 Is Hinduism
Eco-Friendly?, 6.7 Influence of Hinduism and Other Literature on Gandhi, 6.8
Conclusion, Conclusion: The Symbiosis of Natural Resources and Local Needs,
Theoretical Views of the Global South, Global Environmental Theory, Feminist
Care Ethics, The Capabilities Approach, Ethics of Nonviolence, Index.
Krishna Mallick is Professor Emerita of Philosophy at Salem State University. She has co-edited two books along with Dr. Doris Hunter: An Anthology of Nonviolence: Historical and Contemporary Voices (Greenwood Press, 2002) and Nonviolence: A Reader in the Ethics of Action (University Press of America and Gandhi Peace Foundation, 1990). She has also published several articles on environmental issues in India. Her research interests are in the interdisciplinary area of philosophy, womens studies, peace studies, and environmental studies.
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