| About the Author |
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ix | |
| Preface |
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xi | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xiii | |
| Nomenclature |
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xv | |
| 1 Introduction |
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1 | (8) |
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1.1 Overview of Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors |
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1 | (4) |
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1.2 Modeling and Measurement for HBT |
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5 | (2) |
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1.3 Organization of This Book |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
| 2 Basic Concept of Microwave Device Modeling |
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9 | (42) |
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10 | (11) |
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2.1.1 Low-Frequency Parameters |
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11 | (5) |
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16 | (5) |
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2.2 Representation of Noisy Two-Port Network |
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21 | (4) |
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21 | (3) |
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24 | (1) |
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2.3 Basic Circuit Elements |
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25 | (12) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (3) |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (3) |
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2.3.5 Ideal Transmission Line |
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34 | (3) |
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37 | (6) |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Relationship between π- and T-Type Networks |
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40 | (3) |
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43 | (3) |
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2.5.1 Parallel Deembedding |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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2.5.3 Cascading Deembedding |
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45 | (1) |
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2.6 Basic Methods of Parameter Extraction |
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46 | (4) |
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2.6.1 Determination of Capacitance |
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46 | (1) |
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2.6.2 Determination of Inductance |
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47 | (2) |
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2.6.3 Determination of Resistance |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
| 3 Modeling and Parameter Extraction Methods of Bipolar Junction Transistor |
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51 | (44) |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (12) |
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55 | (4) |
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3.2.2 Equivalent Circuit Model |
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59 | (6) |
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3.2.3 Determination of Model Parameters |
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65 | (2) |
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3.3 BJT Physical Operation |
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67 | (11) |
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68 | (2) |
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3.3.2 The Modes of Operation |
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70 | (5) |
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3.3.3 Base-Width Modulation |
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75 | (2) |
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3.3.4 High Injection and Current Crowding |
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77 | (1) |
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3.4 Equivalent Circuit Model |
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78 | (9) |
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78 | (5) |
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83 | (3) |
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86 | (1) |
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3.5 Microwave Performance |
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87 | (7) |
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3.5.1 Transition Frequency |
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88 | (2) |
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3.5.2 Common-Emitter Configuration |
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90 | (1) |
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3.5.3 Common-Base Configuration |
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91 | (1) |
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3.5.4 Common-Collector Configuration |
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92 | (1) |
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3.5.5 Summary and Comparisons |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
| 4 Basic Principle of HBT |
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95 | (22) |
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4.1 Semiconductor Heterojunction |
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96 | (5) |
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101 | (14) |
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102 | (8) |
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110 | (5) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (2) |
| 5 Small-Signal Modeling and Parameter Extraction of HBT |
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117 | (52) |
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5.1 Small-Signal Circuit Model |
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118 | (9) |
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118 | (2) |
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5.1.2 T-Type Circuit Model |
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120 | (2) |
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5.1.3 π-Type Circuit Model |
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122 | (2) |
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5.1.4 Unilateral Power Gain |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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5.3 Extraction Method of PAD Capacitances |
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128 | (4) |
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5.3.1 Open Test Structure Method |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (3) |
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5.4 Extraction Method of Extrinsic Inductances |
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132 | (5) |
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5.4.1 Short Test Structure Method |
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132 | (2) |
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5.4.2 Open-Collector Method |
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134 | (3) |
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5.5 Extraction Method of Extrinsic Resistance |
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137 | (9) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (5) |
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5.5.3 Open-Collector Method |
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143 | (3) |
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5.6 Extraction Method of Intrinsic Resistance |
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146 | (13) |
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5.6.1 Direct Extraction Method |
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146 | (8) |
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154 | (5) |
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159 | (4) |
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163 | (3) |
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166 | (3) |
| 6 Large-Signal Equivalent Circuit Modeling of HBT |
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169 | (38) |
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170 | (7) |
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170 | (2) |
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6.1.2 Nonlinear Lumped Elements |
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172 | (5) |
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6.2 Large Signal and Small Signal |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (17) |
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179 | (4) |
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6.3.2 Equivalent Circuit Model |
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183 | (4) |
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6.3.3 Determination of Thermal Resistance |
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187 | (7) |
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6.4 Nonlinear HBT Modeling |
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194 | (10) |
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194 | (3) |
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197 | (5) |
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6.4.3 Macromodeling Method |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (3) |
| 7 Microwave Noise Modeling and Parameter Extraction Technique for HBTs |
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207 | (38) |
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7.1 Noise Equivalent Circuit Model |
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208 | (2) |
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7.2 Derivation of Noise Parameters |
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210 | (9) |
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7.3 Noise Parameter Extraction Methods |
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219 | (11) |
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7.3.1 Tuner-Based Extraction Method |
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220 | (2) |
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7.3.2 Noise Parameters Based on Noise Figure Measurement |
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222 | (8) |
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7.4 Common Base, Emitter, and Collector Configurations |
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230 | (13) |
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7.4.1 Signal Parameter Relationships |
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231 | (5) |
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7.4.2 Noise Parameter Relationships |
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236 | (7) |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (2) |
| 8 SiGe HBT Modeling and Parameter Extraction |
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245 | (12) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (5) |
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251 | (4) |
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251 | (2) |
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8.3.2 MEXTRAM Equivalent Circuit Model |
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253 | (2) |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (2) |
| Index |
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257 | |