| Preface |
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xi | |
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1 | (4) |
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1.2 Climate-Water-Food Nexus |
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5 | (3) |
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8 | (1) |
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1.4 Insufficiency in Water Purification Processes |
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9 | (2) |
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1.5 Introduction to Zero Waste Engineering |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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1.7 Organization and Introduction of the Chapters |
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12 | (3) |
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15 | (1) |
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2.2 Unique Features of Water |
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16 | (15) |
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2.3 Natural State of Matter |
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31 | (6) |
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2.4 Source of Water and Its Role in Sustaining Life |
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37 | (22) |
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38 | (11) |
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2.4.2 Organic Contaminants |
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49 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Radioactive Minerals |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (9) |
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3 Sustainability of Current Water Purification Technologies |
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59 | (9) |
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3.2 Sustainability Criteria |
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68 | (1) |
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3.3 Sustainability in the Information Age and Environmental Insult |
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69 | (8) |
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3.3.1 Agriculture and Development |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (5) |
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3.4.1 Sulfate Reducing Bacteria |
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80 | (2) |
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3.5 Chemical Precipitation |
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82 | (3) |
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85 | (12) |
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88 | (2) |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (3) |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (5) |
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104 | (3) |
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107 | (16) |
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108 | (1) |
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3.10.2 Agricultural Waste |
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109 | (5) |
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3.10.3 Industrial By-Products |
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114 | (4) |
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118 | (5) |
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4 Sustainable Drinking Water Purification Techniques |
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123 | (3) |
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126 | (22) |
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4.2.1 Environmental Awareness |
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131 | (3) |
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4.2.2 Corporatization and Healthcare |
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134 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Death and Lifestyle |
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135 | (5) |
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4.2.4 Role of Water in Bodily Functions |
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140 | (7) |
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4.2.5 A Relevant Anecdote |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (3) |
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149 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Ground Water Recharge |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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4.3.4 Brick, Clay and Others |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (3) |
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5 Sustainable Purification Techniques for Agricultural Waters |
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155 | (6) |
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5.2 Organic vs. Chemical Agricultural Practices |
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161 | (18) |
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5.2.1 Denaturing for a Profit |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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5.2.3 The Sugar Culture and Beyond |
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171 | (8) |
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5.3 Removal of Heavy Metals |
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179 | (29) |
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5.3.1 Application of Wood Sawdust for Removal of Heavy Metals |
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181 | (1) |
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5.3.1.1 Composition, Structure and Morphology of Wood |
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182 | (1) |
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5.3.1.2 Structure and Morphology of Wood |
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183 | (8) |
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5.3.1.3 Removal of Heavy Metals Using Wood Saw Dust |
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191 | (15) |
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206 | (2) |
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5.4 Removal of Heavy Metals Using Fish Scale |
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208 | (8) |
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5.4.1 Fish Scale Collection and Treatment |
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208 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Experimental Setup and Procedure |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (4) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (3) |
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5.5.1 Effects of UV-Radiation |
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217 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Effects of Temperature (Infrared Radiation) |
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218 | (1) |
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5.5.3 Advantages of Solar Water Disinfection (SoDis) |
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218 | (1) |
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5.5.4 Limitations of Solar Water Disinfection |
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219 | (1) |
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5.6 Bioremediation for Sustainable Purification of Water |
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219 | (2) |
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6 Sustainable Purification Techniques for Industrial Wastes |
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6.1 Removal of Radionuclides |
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221 | (3) |
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6.2 Removal of Heavy Metals Precious Metals |
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224 | (7) |
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6.2.1 Precious Metals and Heavy Metals Recovery |
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225 | (6) |
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6.3 Industry Lifestyle Change |
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231 | (27) |
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237 | (7) |
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244 | (2) |
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246 | (5) |
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251 | (5) |
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6.3.5 Refining Techniques |
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256 | (2) |
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6.4 The Energy/Water Crisis |
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258 | (12) |
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6.4.1 Are Natural Resources Finite and Human Needs Infinite? |
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258 | (11) |
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6.4.2 The Finite/Infinite Conundrum |
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269 | (1) |
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6.5 Certain Sustainable Technologies |
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270 | (29) |
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6.5.1 Direct Use of Solar Energy |
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270 | (4) |
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6.5.2 Effective Separation of Solid from Liquid |
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274 | (1) |
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6.5.3 Effective Separation of Liquid from Liquid |
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275 | (1) |
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6.5.4 Agricultural Waste for Water Purification and Value Addition |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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6.5.5 A Novel Desalination Technique |
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283 | (13) |
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6.5.6 A Novel Separation Technique |
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296 | (3) |
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7 Summary and Conclusions |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (3) |
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7.2.1 Chapter 1: Introduction |
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300 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Chapter 2: Water Science |
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300 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Chapter 3: Sustainability of Current Water Purification Techniques |
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301 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Chapter 4: Sustainable Drinking Water Purification Techniques |
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301 | (1) |
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7.2.5 Chapter 5: Sustainable Purification Techniques for Agricultural Wastes |
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302 | (1) |
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7.2.6 Chapter 6: Sustainable Purification Techniques for Industrial Wastes |
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302 | (1) |
| References and Bibliography |
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303 | (22) |
| Index |
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325 | |