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E-raamat: Sustainable Water Purification

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  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Jul-2020
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Scrivener
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119651147
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Jul-2020
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Scrivener
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119651147
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"Water is synonymous with life. This has been the case since pre-historic time to the modern era. For the first time, humanity faces a crisis that eclipses the energy crisis, which has often incapacitated the global economy. The Climate-Water-Food nexus epitomizes our current civilization that depends on energy as the driver. Many recognize this crisis as a product of fossil fuel production, which allegedly triggered climate change and the "climate change debate." Others predict the onslaught of "water wars" in the coming decades. As the world gears up to another lineup of empty promises and ensuing chaos, this book turns this crisis on its head and shows the source of the water crisis. The science behind the water cycle is described in clear language, without resorting to dogmatic assertions and spurious assumptions. The role of the sun, natural carbon dioxide (CO2) and water and the need to maintain natural processes free from artificial chemicals are discussed in detail. The book makes it clear how most of the currently used purification techniques violates the natural cycle involving sunlight, CO2 and water, and thus become unsustainable. A series of water purification techniques, as usable for drinking, agricultural and industrial applications are presented. The advantages of these techniques and their long-term sustainability are highlighted, with discussion on improvements in the future. Whether for the engineer or scientist working in the field or laboratory or the student, this is a must-have for any engineer, scientist, student, or policymaker."--

Water is synonymous with life.  This has been the case since pre-historic time to the modern era.  For the first time, humanity faces a crisis that eclipses the energy crisis, which has often incapacitated the global economy. The Climate-Water-Food nexus epitomizes our current civilization that depends on energy as the driver.  Many recognize this crisis as a product of fossil fuel production, which allegedly triggered climate change and the “climate change debate.”  Others predict the onslaught of “water wars” in the coming decades. As the world gears up to another lineup of empty promises and ensuing chaos, this book turns this crisis on its head and shows the source of the water crisis.

The science behind the water cycle is described in clear language, without resorting to dogmatic assertions and spurious assumptions. The role of the sun, natural carbon dioxide (CO2) and water and the need to maintain natural processes free from artificial chemicals are discussed in detail.  The book makes it clear how most of the currently used purification techniques violates the natural cycle involving sunlight, CO2 and water, and thus become unsustainable.

A series of water purification techniques, as usable for drinking, agricultural and industrial applications are presented.  The advantages of these techniques and their long-term sustainability are highlighted, with discussion on improvements in the future.  Whether for the engineer or scientist working in the field or laboratory or the student, this is a must-have for any engineer, scientist, student, or policymaker. 

Preface xi
1 Introduction
1.1 Opening Remarks
1(4)
1.2 Climate-Water-Food Nexus
5(3)
1.3 Background
8(1)
1.4 Insufficiency in Water Purification Processes
9(2)
1.5 Introduction to Zero Waste Engineering
11(1)
1.6 Scope of the Book
12(1)
1.7 Organization and Introduction of the
Chapters
12(3)
2 Water Science
2.1 Introduction
15(1)
2.2 Unique Features of Water
16(15)
2.3 Natural State of Matter
31(6)
2.4 Source of Water and Its Role in Sustaining Life
37(22)
2.4.1 Inorganic Minerals
38(11)
2.4.2 Organic Contaminants
49(1)
2.4.3 Radioactive Minerals
49(1)
2.4.4 Biological
50(9)
3 Sustainability of Current Water Purification Technologies
3.1 Introduction
59(9)
3.2 Sustainability Criteria
68(1)
3.3 Sustainability in the Information Age and Environmental Insult
69(8)
3.3.1 Agriculture and Development
71(1)
3.3.2 Desertification
72(1)
3.3.3 Ecosystem Change
72(1)
3.3.4 Fisheries
72(1)
3.3.5 Deforestation
73(1)
3.3.6 Marine Litter
74(1)
3.3.7 Water Resources
75(2)
3.4 Biological Processes
77(5)
3.4.1 Sulfate Reducing Bacteria
80(2)
3.5 Chemical Precipitation
82(3)
3.6 Membrane Separation
85(12)
3.6.1 Microfiltration
88(2)
3.6.2 Ultrafiltration
90(2)
3.6.3 Nanofiltration
92(3)
3.6.4 Reverse Osmosis
95(2)
3.7 Ion Exchange
97(2)
3.8 Ozonation
99(5)
3.9 UV Radiation
104(3)
3.10 Adsorption
107(16)
3.10.1 Existing Sorbents
108(1)
3.10.2 Agricultural Waste
109(5)
3.10.3 Industrial By-Products
114(4)
3.10.4 Natural Materials
118(5)
4 Sustainable Drinking Water Purification Techniques
4.1 Introduction
123(3)
4.2 Natural Lifestyle
126(22)
4.2.1 Environmental Awareness
131(3)
4.2.2 Corporatization and Healthcare
134(1)
4.2.3 Death and Lifestyle
135(5)
4.2.4 Role of Water in Bodily Functions
140(7)
4.2.5 A Relevant Anecdote
147(1)
4.3 Natural Minerals
148(3)
4.3.1 Filters
149(1)
4.3.2 Ground Water Recharge
150(1)
4.3.3 Aeration
150(1)
4.3.4 Brick, Clay and Others
150(1)
4.4 Solar UV Treatment
151(1)
4.5 Natural Ozonation
152(3)
5 Sustainable Purification Techniques for Agricultural Waters
5.1 Introduction
155(6)
5.2 Organic vs. Chemical Agricultural Practices
161(18)
5.2.1 Denaturing for a Profit
169(1)
5.2.2 The Consequences
170(1)
5.2.3 The Sugar Culture and Beyond
171(8)
5.3 Removal of Heavy Metals
179(29)
5.3.1 Application of Wood Sawdust for Removal of Heavy Metals
181(1)
5.3.1.1 Composition, Structure and Morphology of Wood
182(1)
5.3.1.2 Structure and Morphology of Wood
183(8)
5.3.1.3 Removal of Heavy Metals Using Wood Saw Dust
191(15)
5.3.1.4 Conclusion
206(2)
5.4 Removal of Heavy Metals Using Fish Scale
208(8)
5.4.1 Fish Scale Collection and Treatment
208(1)
5.4.2 Experimental Setup and Procedure
209(1)
5.4.2.1 Static Method
209(2)
5.4.2.2 Dynamic Method
211(4)
5.4.3 Conclusions
215(1)
5.5 Solar UV Treatment
216(3)
5.5.1 Effects of UV-Radiation
217(1)
5.5.2 Effects of Temperature (Infrared Radiation)
218(1)
5.5.3 Advantages of Solar Water Disinfection (SoDis)
218(1)
5.5.4 Limitations of Solar Water Disinfection
219(1)
5.6 Bioremediation for Sustainable Purification of Water
219(2)
6 Sustainable Purification Techniques for Industrial Wastes
6.1 Removal of Radionuclides
221(3)
6.2 Removal of Heavy Metals Precious Metals
224(7)
6.2.1 Precious Metals and Heavy Metals Recovery
225(6)
6.3 Industry Lifestyle Change
231(27)
6.3.1 Mercury
237(7)
6.3.2 Sal Ammoniac
244(2)
6.3.3 Sulphur
246(5)
6.3.4 Arsenic Sulphide
251(5)
6.3.5 Refining Techniques
256(2)
6.4 The Energy/Water Crisis
258(12)
6.4.1 Are Natural Resources Finite and Human Needs Infinite?
258(11)
6.4.2 The Finite/Infinite Conundrum
269(1)
6.5 Certain Sustainable Technologies
270(29)
6.5.1 Direct Use of Solar Energy
270(4)
6.5.2 Effective Separation of Solid from Liquid
274(1)
6.5.3 Effective Separation of Liquid from Liquid
275(1)
6.5.4 Agricultural Waste for Water Purification and Value Addition
276(1)
6.5.4.1 Orange Peel
277(1)
6.5.4.2 Pomelo Peel
277(1)
6.5.4.3 Grapefruit Peel
278(1)
6.5.4.4 Lemon Peel
278(1)
6.5.4.5 Banana Peel
279(1)
6.5.4.6 Cassava Peel
280(1)
6.5.4.7 Jackfruit Peel
281(1)
6.5.4.8 Pomegranate Peel
281(1)
6.5.4.9 Garlic Peel
282(1)
6.5.5 A Novel Desalination Technique
283(13)
6.5.6 A Novel Separation Technique
296(3)
7 Summary and Conclusions
7.1 Summary
299(1)
7.2 Conclusions
300(3)
7.2.1
Chapter 1: Introduction
300(1)
7.2.2
Chapter 2: Water Science
300(1)
7.2.3
Chapter 3: Sustainability of Current Water Purification Techniques
301(1)
7.2.4
Chapter 4: Sustainable Drinking Water Purification Techniques
301(1)
7.2.5
Chapter 5: Sustainable Purification Techniques for Agricultural Wastes
302(1)
7.2.6
Chapter 6: Sustainable Purification Techniques for Industrial Wastes
302(1)
References and Bibliography 303(22)
Index 325
M. Safiur Rahman, PhD, is Chief Scientific Officer (CSO) and Professor in the field of environmental analytical chemistry at Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission. He has extensive experience and has published over 100 scientific articles, book chapters and several books. His expertise is in the areas of drinking water quality improvement and environmental restoration, and he has received several prestigious awards for his academic accomplishments and research.

M. R. Islam, PhD, is known as the most published engineer in the world. He has coined terms such as "green petroleum," "sustainable petroleum development," "economics of intangibles," "zero waste engineering," and others. His work has created a paradigm shift in a wide range of applications, spanning various disciplines. His most notable contribution is in the areas sustainability, environmental integrity, the greening of petroleum and pharmaceutical industries, and knowledge modeling, on which topic he has written dozens of books and nearly 800 research papers. His latest work is captured in his latest books: The Science of Climate Change and Economics of Sustainable Energy, both available from Wiley-Scrivener.
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