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E-raamat: Covenants of the Prophet Muammad: From Shared Historical Memory to Peaceful Co-existence [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

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Through analysis of the Covenants of the Prophet Muammad, which pledge protection to diverse faith communities, this book makes a profoundly important contribution to research on early Islam by determining the Covenants historicity and textual accuracy.

The authors focus on the Prophet Muammads relationship with other faith communities by conducting detailed textual and linguistic analysis of documents which have received little scholarly consideration before. This not only includes decrees of the Prophet Muammad, Umar ibn al-Khab, Al ibn Ab lib, and Muwiya ibn Ab Sufyn, but also of important Muslim rulers. They present their findings in relation to contemporaneous historical writings, historic testimonies, official recognition, archaeological evidence, historic scribal conventions, date-matching calculations, textual parallelisms, and references in Muslim and non-Muslim sources. They also provide new and revised translations of various Covenants issued by the Prophet Muammad which were attested by Muslim authorities after him. The authors argue that the claim of forgery is no longer tenable following the application of rigorous textual and historical analysis.

This book is essential reading for Muslims, Christians, Jews, Samaritans, and Zoroastrians, as well as anyone interested in interfaith relations, Islamophobia, extremist ideologies, security studies, and the relationship between Orthodox and Oriental Christianity with Islam.
List of tables
xii
Foreword xiii
Preface xvi
Acknowledgements xxi
Introduction 1(12)
A synopsis of the covenants of the Prophet Muhammad
1(2)
The covenants today
3(1)
Reviving a neglected genre
4(4)
Structure of the book
8(1)
The Qatar Digital Library
8(1)
A note on translation and transliteration
9(1)
Notes
9(2)
Bibliography
11(2)
1 The covenants as a shared historical memory
13(42)
Early historical testimonies
13(6)
Overview of the covenants
19(1)
Seven independent Islamic texts
20(1)
The Constitution of Madina
21(3)
The Prophet's Administrative Directive to al- `Ala' ibn al-Hadrami
24(1)
The Truce with the People of Makka
25(1)
Khalid ibn al- Walid's Compact with the People of al-Hira
26(2)
The Siffin Arbitration Agreement
28(4)
Uthman ibn Ajjan's Guarantee to Ali ibn Abi Talio
32(1)
Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan's Guarantee to al-Hasan ibn 'Ali
33(1)
Transmission nuances
34(2)
Scribal conventions
36(2)
The Hijri calendar
38(5)
Conclusions
43(1)
Notes
44(6)
Bibliography
50(5)
2 The Prophet's Covenant with the Monks of Mount Sinai
55(42)
The manuscripts
55(4)
The recollection of European travellers about the Sinai Covenant
59(3)
The account of Nektarios of Jerusalem
62(1)
The Battle of Badr as a shared historical memory
63(3)
The Prophet's visit to the Monastery of St. Catherine as a shared historical memory
66(3)
The Prophet's encounter with the monk Pachomius
69(1)
Translation of the Legend of Pachomius
70(1)
The Prophet's encounters with monks as a shared historical memory
70(5)
The curious case of MSS 695 and 961
75(8)
Translation of the corrected version of MS 695
83(5)
The mutual recognition of Islam and Greek Orthodox Christianity
88(1)
Conclusions
89(1)
Notes
89(4)
Bibliography
93(4)
3 The Prophet's Covenant with the Christians of Najran
97(46)
The religious currents in South Arabia in the 7th century
97(5)
The Prophet's correspondence with the Christians of Najran
102(1)
The Prophet's Covenant with the Christians of Najran: The sources and manuscripts
103(1)
Arabic texts
104(5)
Persian translations
109(2)
The witnesses to the Covenant with the Christians of Najran
111(1)
Translation of the critical edition of the Najran Covenant
111(4)
The Prophet's treaty of alliance with the people of Najran
115(3)
Translation of the critical edition of the Najran Compact
118(2)
The Prophet's Accord with the Christians of Najan
120(1)
Translation of the Prophet's Accord with the Christians of Najran
121(5)
The Prophet's encounter with the Christians of Najran as a shared historical memory
126(6)
Conclusions
132(1)
Notes
133(5)
Bibliography
138(5)
4 The Prophet's covenants with other Christian communities
143(47)
Part 1 `Ali's Covenant with the Christians of Iraq
143(1)
Translation
144(3)
The Christians of Najran during `All's Caliphate
147(2)
Part 2 The Prophet's Covenant with the Armenian Christians
149(1)
Translation of the critical edition of the Prophet's Covenant with the Armenian Christians
150(3)
Is the Covenant with the Armenian Christians an independent text?
153(2)
Part 3 The Prophet's Covenant with the Copts and the Jacobites
155(2)
Translation of the recension of the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch
157(4)
What is the provenance of the Covenant with the Copts and the Jacobites?
161(2)
Part 4 The witnesses to the Prophet's covenants
163(2)
Credible, problematic, and unlikely witnesses
165(4)
Part 5 The Prophet's Edict to the Armenian Patriarch Abraham
169(1)
Translation
169(1)
The Prophet's Edict confirmed by Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi
169(3)
Translation of the Covenant of Salah al-DTn al-Ayyubi concerning the rights of the Armenians
172(4)
Part 6 The Prophet's Compact with Yuhanna ibn Ru'ba
176(1)
Translation of al-Qastallani's recension
177(1)
Is the Compact with Yuhanna ibn Ru'ba part of the shared historical memory?
177(1)
Part 7 The Prophet's Compact with Tamim al-Dari
178(5)
Conclusions
183(1)
Notes
183(4)
Bibliography
187(3)
5 The Prophet's Covenants with the Samaritans, the Jews, and the Magi
190(47)
Part 1 The Prophet's Covenant with the Samaritans
190(1)
Translation of the Samaritan Account
191(2)
Is the Samaritan Account historically reliable?
193(1)
Part 2 The Prophet's Compact with the Banu Zakan
194(1)
Translation of the Compact with the Banu Zakan
195(1)
The similarities between the compacts with the People of Najran and with the Banu Zakan
196(1)
Part 3 The Prophet's Covenant with the Jews of Khaybar and Maqna
196(2)
Translation of the Covenant with the Jews of Khaybar and Maqna
198(2)
Tracing the source Covenant that was granted to the Jews of Khaybar
200(4)
Part 4 The Prophet's Covenant with the Children of Israel
204(2)
Translation of Nini's recension
206(5)
The Jewish recensions of the Exordium and Genealogy of the Prophet in their historical milieu
211(3)
The Covenant with the Children of Israel as a defective historical text
214(3)
Part 5 The Prophet's Treaty with the Magi
217(2)
Translation of Jejeebhoy's recension
219(2)
Translation of AbuNu `aym's recension
221(2)
Textual parallelisms with other Prophetic covenants and compacts
223(4)
Part 6 `Ali's Covenant with the Magi
227(1)
Translation of `Ali's Covenant with the Magi
228(1)
Is `All's Covenant with the Magi an independent text?
229(1)
Conclusions
230(1)
Notes
231(3)
Bibliography
234(3)
6 The covenants of the Prophet during the Caliphate of 'Umar
237(36)
The conquest of Damascus
237(6)
`Umar's Capitulation Treaty with the Christians of Jerusalem
243(2)
Translation of `Umar's Capitulation Treaty with the Christians of Jerusalem
245(1)
The Account of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem
246(1)
Translation of the Account of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem
247(3)
`Umar's Capitulation Treaty with the Christians of Jerusalem as a shared historical memory
250(3)
`Umar's Covenant with the Christians of Jerusalem
253(2)
Translation of `Umar's Covenant with the Christians of Jerusalem
255(1)
Addressing the objections raised about `Umar's Covenant with the Christians of Jerusalem
256(3)
`Umar's reverence of Jerusalem's holy sites
259(2)
`Umar's Covenant with the Christians of Mesopotamia
261(1)
Translation of `Umar's Covenant with the Christians of Mesopotamia
261(2)
`Umar's protection of the Assyrian Church of the East
263(1)
`Umar's Covenant with the Jacobites
264(1)
Translation of MS. Paris Syr. 375
264(2)
`Umar's protection of the Miaphysite churches
266(1)
The conquest of Egypt
266(3)
The Legend of 'Umar and the Unnamed Monk
269(1)
The Prophet and Umar's covenants during the Caliphate of Mu'awiya
270(1)
Translation of Mu `dwiya's Edict
270(1)
70 Acknowledgement of the covenants by Mu'awiya
271(1)
`Umar's covenants with the Jews of Persia
272(1)
Conclusions 273(1)
Notes 273(5)
Bibliography 278(3)
Epilogue: Developing new criteria for assessing the veracity of the covenants 281(5)
Notes 286(1)
Bibliography 286(1)
Index 287
Ibrahim Mohamed Zein is a Professor of Islamic Studies and Comparative Religion at the College of Islamic Studies, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (Doha, Qatar). He was previously Dean of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC) at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM).

Ahmed El-Wakil is a researcher on the covenants of the Prophet Muammad at the College of Islamic Studies, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (Doha, Qatar).