This book uses multi-source data to examine the evolving labour market for college graduates, interpreting the shift in the relationship between humans and automation from competition to coexistence that is reshaping skill demand, education policy, and labour market in China and abroad.
Grounded in the 'race between education and technology', this book uses multi-source data to examine the evolving labour market for college graduates, interpreting the shift in the relationship between humans and automation from competition to coexistence that is reshaping skill demand, education policy, and labour market in China and abroad.
In examining the competition between humans and automation, the authors analyze how automation is pushing graduates out of informal employment, reshaping their career paths and changing labour market structures. They also explore the impact of automation on skill demand, distinguishing between general and specific skills and highlighting the changing demands of the labour market in response to technological advances. The discussion then moves from competition to coexistence between humans and automation, highlighting how education policy can play a crucial role in managing human-automation substitution. The authors argue that rather than simply displacing human workers, automation can be integrated into the workforce in a way that promotes coexistence and even synergy between human skills and technological innovation.
This book extends the traditional understanding of the relationship between technology, the labour market, and education. It will appeal to scholars and students interested in the economics of education and labour economics.
List of figures
List of tables
Acknowledgments
1. Introduction
2.The Development of Robotics Globally and in China
3. The Evolution of Labour Market of Chinese College Graduates
4. Technological Anxiety: How Robots Impact College Graduates Informal
Employment?
5. The Impact of Robot Adoption on the Demand for General Skills: Evidence
Based on Job Posting Data
6. The Impact of Automation on the Demand for Specific Skills: Evidence Based
on Real Interview Experience
7. Rethinking Art-Science Division Abolition: The Unforeseen Role of NCEE
Reform in Preparing College Graduates for an AI-Driven Labour Market
8. The Role of Attending a Key University in Alleviating the Pressure of
Artificial Intelligence Employment Substitution
9. College Majors at Risk? Insights from AI Exposure
10. Robotization and Labour Demand in Post-Pandemic Era
11. The Interplay Between Education and Economic Development: A Global
Perspective
12. From Competition to Coexistence: Navigating the Future of Labor and
Education in an Automated World
Index
Peikang Zhang is an assistant professor at the Institute of Higher Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science from Fudan University. He received his Ph.D. from Peking University in 2022. His research interests include economics of education and labour economics. He is also a GLO Virtual Young Scholar in the 20232024 cohort and has been a GLO fellow since 2025.
Huailiang Liang is a Ph.D. candidate at the School of Education from Tsinghua University. His research interests include education policy and economics of education.
Xuanyu Chen is a masters student at the Institute of Higher Education from Fudan University. He holds a bachelors degree in Educational Technology from Shanghai International Studies University. His research interests involve the economics of education, learning sciences, and artificial intelligence (AI) in education.
Yuxuan Qin is a Ph.D. candidate at the Institute of Higher Education from Fudan University. Her research interests include economics of education, AI in education, and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education.
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