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E-raamat: The House of Lords 1911-2011: A Century of Non-Reform [Hart e-raamatud]

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House of Lords reform is often characterised as unfinished business: a riddle that has been left unanswered since 1911. But rarely can an unanswered riddle have had so many answers offered, even though few have been accepted; indeed, when Viscount Cave was invited in the mid-1920s to lead a Cabinet committee on Lords reform, he complained of finding 'the ground covered by an embarrassing mass of proposals'.That embarrassing mass increased throughout the twentieth century. Much ink has been spilled on what should be done with the upper House of Parliament; much less ink has been expended on why reform has been so difficult to achieve.

This book analyses in detail the principal attempts to reform the House of Lords. Starting with the Parliament Act of 1911 the book examines the century of non-reform that followed, drawing upon substantial archival sources, many of which have been under-utilised until now. These sources challenge many of the existing understandings of the history of House of Lords reform and the reasons for success or failure of reform attempts. The book begins by arguing against the popular idea that the 1911 Act was intended by its supporters to be a temporary measure.





'No one peers included should be allowed to pronounce about the future of the House of Lords without reading Chris Ballinger's authoritative, shrewd and readable account about reform attempts over the past century. He punctures several widely-held myths and claims in the current debate.' Rt Hon Peter Riddell CBE Director, Institute for Government and former Hansard Society chair



'This is at once an impeccably researched academic study, and a thoroughly readable account loaded with lessons for today's would-be Lords reformers.' Lord (David) Lipsey
Acknowledgements vii
Tables
xiii
Introduction: Reform and Non-reform 1(14)
Reform and Non-reform
1(2)
A Century of Non-reform
3(1)
The Evolution of the House of Lords
4(7)
Twelve Instances of Reform and Non-reform
11(4)
1 Veto Limitation over Reform: The Parliament Act 1911
15(20)
The Political Situation, 1906-07
15(1)
Cabinet Discussions on Lords Reform, 1907
16(4)
Budget Rejection, 1909
20(3)
Between the 1910 Elections
23(5)
The Parliament Bill 1911
28(2)
Reform following Veto Limitation? 1911-14
30(1)
Conclusion
31(4)
2 `The Battle is Over': House of Lords Reform, 1917-45
35(16)
The Bryce Conference, 1917-18
35(4)
Cabinet Committees, 1921-22
39(4)
The Cabinet Committee, 1925-27
43(3)
Lords reform in the 1920s
46(1)
Avoiding Reform, 1928-45
46(5)
3 A Pre-emptive Strike: The Parliament Act 1949
51(24)
Labour and the House of Lords
52(2)
Moves Towards reform, 1943-47
54(2)
Nationalisation and House of Lords Reform
56(3)
The Parliament Bill 1947
59(5)
The Party Leaders' Conference 1948
64(5)
The Parliament Bill Resumed
69(2)
The Iron and Steel Bill
71(2)
Conclusion
73(2)
4 Diluting the Hereditary Principle?: The Life Peerages Act 1958
75(26)
Life Peers
77(1)
Inter-Party Discussions
77(4)
Discussions, 1953-55
81(2)
Limiting the Hereditaries: Proposals
83(2)
Wider Reform: The Cabinet Committee, 1955-56
85(2)
Short and Long Bills
87(6)
The Life Peerages Bill
93(1)
Limiting the Hereditary Peers
94(3)
Conclusion
97(4)
5 "The Wedgwood Benn Enabling Bill': The Peerage Act 1963
101(26)
A Hereditary Life Peerage
103(1)
Earlier Attempts at Renouncing Peerages
104(2)
The Persistent Commoner
106(1)
Fears over Loss of the Hereditary System
107(1)
Party Support for Benn
108(1)
The Committee of Privileges
109(1)
`Re-election'
110(3)
Seating the `Defeated' Candidate
113(1)
The Joint Select Committee
114(4)
The Peerage Bill
118(4)
Conclusion
122(5)
6 Adding to Wilson's Strife: The Inter-Party Conference and the Parliament (No 2) Bill [ 1968-69]
127(32)
Abandoning the Unilateral, Two-Stage Approach
131(2)
The Inter-Party Conference
133(4)
The Southern Rhodesia (United Nations Sanctions) Order 1968
137(3)
The White Paper and the Decision to Proceed with the Bill
140(2)
The Parliament (No 2) Bill
142(8)
Abandoning the Bill
150(3)
1970
153(1)
Conclusion
153(1)
Epilogue: House of Lords Reform, 1970-74
154(4)
After 1974
158(1)
7 Stage One of Two?: The House of Lords Act 1999
159(20)
Turning the Tide of Constitutional Reform
160(2)
John Smith's Leadership
162(1)
Tony Blair and House of Lords Reform
162(1)
Post-election 1997
163(1)
Priorities for the First Session
164(2)
The Cabinet Committee
166(3)
The Queen's Speech 1998
169(1)
The Weatherill Amendment: Origins
169(4)
The House of Lords Bill
173(1)
By-elections for Hereditary Peers
174(3)
Conclusion
177(2)
8 The Long Stage Two: The Wakeham Commission and Beyond
179(32)
The Royal Commission on the Reform of the House of Lords
179(10)
Follow-up to the Royals Commissions's Report
189(1)
2001-05: Indecision, then a Surprising Move on Reform
190(10)
Lords Reform in Labour's Third Term
200(4)
2010: General Election and Coalition Government
204(5)
Conclusion
209(2)
9 Reasons for Reform and Non-reform
211(10)
How and Why Does House of Lords Reform Reach the Cabinet's Agenda?
214(1)
How Do Proposals Change When Under Consideration?
215(1)
How and Why Do Proposals Succeed or Fail?
216(3)
Conclusion
219(2)
Further Reading 221(4)
Bibliography 225(16)
Index 241
Chris Ballinger is Academic Dean and Official Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford.