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E-raamat: How We Think: A Theory of Goal-Oriented Decision Making and its Educational Applications [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

(University of California at Berkeley, USA)
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Teachers try to help their students learn. But why do they make the particular teaching choices they do? What resources do they draw upon? What accounts for the success or failure of their efforts? In How We Think, esteemed scholar and mathematician, Alan H. Schoenfeld, proposes a groundbreaking theory and model for how we think and act in the classroom and beyond. Based on thirty years of research on problem solving and teaching, Schoenfeld provides compelling evidence for a concrete approach that describes how teachers, and individuals more generally, navigate their way through in-the-moment decision-making in well-practiced domains. Applying his theoretical model to detailed representations and analyses of teachers at work as well as of professionals outside education, Schoenfeld argues that understanding and recognizing the goal-oriented patterns of our day to day decisions can help identify what makes effective or ineffective behavior in the classroom and beyond.

List of Figures
xi
List of Tables
xiii
Preface xiv
Acknowledgments xviii
Part I Overview of the Theory
1(62)
1 From Problem Solving to Teaching and Beyond
3(12)
2 The Big Picture
15(31)
3 Reflections, Caveats, Doubts, and Rationalizations
46(17)
Part II Studies of Teaching
63(94)
Introduction to Part II: Structure of the Representations Used in this Book
63(6)
4 Lesson Analysis 1: A Beginning Teacher Carrying Out a Traditional Lesson
69(19)
5 Lesson Analysis 2: An Experienced Teacher Carrying Out a Non-traditional Lesson
88(33)
6 Lesson Analysis 3: Third Graders! A Non-traditional Lesson with an Emergent Agenda
121(36)
Part III Extensions, Generalizations, and Next Steps
157(40)
7 Analysis of a Doctor-Patient Consultation: An Act of Joint Problem Solving
159(23)
8 Taking Stock, Applications, and Next Steps
182(15)
Appendix A Notes on Connections 197(4)
Appendix B A Representation of Nelson's Lesson 201(3)
Appendix C Transcript of Jim Minstrell's Class Discussion of Measurement 204(15)
Appendix D Deborah Ball's Third Grade Class, Friday, January 19, 1990, Spartan Village School, East Lansing, Michigan 219(6)
Appendix E A Representation of Ball's Lesson 225(3)
Appendix F High-Priority Goals during the Lesson Segment Discussed in
Chapter 6
228(1)
Appendix G General Description of Deborah Ball's Active or Potentially Active Orientations at the Start of the Lesson on January 19, 1990 229(2)
Notes 231(6)
References 237(4)
Index 241
Alan H. Schoenfeld is the Elizabeth and Edward Conner Professor of Education and Affiliated Professor of Mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley.