Preface to the Sixth Edition |
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vii | |
Table of Abbreviations |
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xix | |
Table of Cases |
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xxiii | |
Table of European Cases |
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xxxix | |
Table of Legislation |
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lix | |
Table of Standard Conditions |
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lxiii | |
Part I: The CMR |
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1 | (330) |
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Chapter 1 Application Of The CMR |
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3 | (56) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (3) |
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3a Broad principles of general acceptation |
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5 | (1) |
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3b Ordinary meaning in context |
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5 | (1) |
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3c The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (7) |
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4a Teleology: commercial purpose |
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7 | (2) |
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4b Legislative history: travaux preparatoires |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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4g The strict construction of exclusions |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (2) |
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5a Autonomous interpretation |
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14 | (1) |
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5b Finding and minding the gap |
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15 | (1) |
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6 The French text of the CMR |
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16 | (2) |
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7 Interpretation: summary |
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18 | (1) |
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C The CMR and the conflict of laws |
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8 A unilateral conflict rule |
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19 | (1) |
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9 The law of the contract apart from the CMR |
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19 | (2) |
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10 Contracts of carriage: Article 1.1 |
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21 | (9) |
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22 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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10b The transportation contract |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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13 Multimodal transport: application of the CMR |
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33 | (5) |
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13a The UNCITRAL draft (the "Rotterdam Rules") |
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36 | (2) |
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14 Goods not unloaded: ro-ro and piggyback transport |
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38 | (2) |
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14a Operational convenience: inspection, storage and transhipment |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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15 Multimodal transport: exclusion of the CMR |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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15iii Road carrier not responsible |
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42 | (1) |
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15iii Perils of ships and planes and trains |
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43 | (1) |
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15a Conditions prescribed: the application of the Hague-Visby Rules to a sea stage |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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15aii Deck carriage and Paramount clauses |
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47 | (1) |
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15aiii In default of conditions prescribed, the applicable regime |
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48 | (3) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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18 International character |
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52 | (4) |
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18a Movements within the United Kingdom |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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D The CMR regime in outline |
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19 The liability of the carrier |
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56 | (1) |
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20 Supplementing the text of the CMR |
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56 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 The Contract Of Carriage: Documentation |
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59 | (14) |
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21 Formation of the contract of carriage |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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23 The form of the consignment note |
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60 | (1) |
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24 The contents of the consignment note: Article 6 |
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61 | (3) |
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25 The effect of statements in the consignment note: Article 9 |
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64 | (6) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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25b Checks and reservations |
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67 | (1) |
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25bi The nature of the carrier's obligation to check |
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68 | (1) |
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25bii The mode and effect of reservations |
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68 | (1) |
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25biii Optional checks: Article 8.3 |
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69 | (1) |
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26 The liability of the sender for information |
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70 | (3) |
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26a Statements in the consignment note |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (42) |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (5) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (2) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (6) |
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32a Disposal by the sender |
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83 | (3) |
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32b Disposal by the consignee |
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86 | (2) |
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32c The liability of the carrier |
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88 | (1) |
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33 Difficulties on the road |
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89 | (12) |
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33a Impossibility of performance: Article 14 |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (2) |
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33b Prevention of delivery: Article 15 |
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92 | (1) |
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33c Interim and other measures decided by the carrier |
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93 | (1) |
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33ci Reasonable steps: alternative performance |
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93 | (1) |
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33cii Unloading: ending the carriage |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (8) |
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37a Justifiable postponement of delivery |
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106 | (1) |
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37b Goods to be "kept until called for" |
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107 | (1) |
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37c Delivery, as agreed, without the consignee |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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37e Wrongful refusal of delivery |
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109 | (1) |
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37f Refusal of damaged goods |
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109 | (2) |
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38 Cash on delivery: liability |
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111 | (1) |
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39 Cash on delivery: cash |
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112 | (3) |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (66) |
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40 Action against the carrier by the consignee: Article 13 |
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115 | (3) |
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40a Actions in respect of damage |
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116 | (1) |
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40b The consignee's rights |
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116 | (1) |
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40bi The effect of concessions by the sender |
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116 | (2) |
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40c The consignee's duties |
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118 | (1) |
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41 Title to sue: rules of national law |
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118 | (5) |
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41a The party to the contract |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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41b The person with the right of disposal |
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121 | (2) |
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41c The owner of the goods |
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123 | (1) |
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42 Title to sue in England at common law |
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123 | (1) |
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43 The one-year period of limitation: Article 32 |
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123 | (8) |
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43a The scope of Article 32: actions arising out of carriage |
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124 | (3) |
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43b Exception: the three-year period for wilful misconduct |
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127 | (1) |
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43bi Criminal compensation |
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128 | (1) |
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43c The commencement of proceedings |
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129 | (2) |
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44 The commencement of the period of limitation |
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131 | (7) |
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44a Goods damaged but not delivered to the consignee |
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133 | (3) |
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44b Claims between successive carriers |
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136 | (1) |
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44bi Claims between carriers: scope |
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136 | (1) |
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44bii Claims for compensation |
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138 | (1) |
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45 Suspension of the period of limitation |
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138 | (13) |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (1) |
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45bi The nature of the claim |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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45c Receipt by the right person |
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145 | (1) |
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45d The effect of a written claim |
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146 | (1) |
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45e Rejection of the claim by notification in writing |
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147 | (2) |
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45f Extension of the period of limitation |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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45g Counterclaim and set-off |
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150 | (1) |
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C The forum and the defendant |
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46 Jurisdiction: Article 31 |
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151 | (12) |
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153 | (2) |
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46b Objective jurisdiction |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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46bii The principal place of business |
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157 | (1) |
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46biii The branch or agency |
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158 | (1) |
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46biv The place of take-over or delivery |
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158 | (1) |
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46c Jurisdiction agreed by the parties |
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159 | (2) |
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46d Duplication of actions |
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161 | (1) |
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46e The enforcement of judgments and arbitration awards |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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47 Arbitration: Article 33 |
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163 | (1) |
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48 Responsibility for the acts of others |
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164 | (1) |
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49 The scope of employment |
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165 | (1) |
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50 The choice of defendants: successive carriage |
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165 | (7) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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50aii The performing carrier |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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50b Acceptance of the goods and the consignment note |
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169 | (1) |
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50bi The position of sub-contractors |
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171 | (1) |
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50bii Entries on the consignment note |
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172 | (1) |
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51 Recourse: the basis of liability between carriers |
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172 | (1) |
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52 Recourse: indemnity and contribution under Article 37 |
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173 | (3) |
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52a Defences between carriers |
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174 | (1) |
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52b The carrier responsible: Article 37(a) |
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175 | (1) |
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52c Apportionment of liability between carriers: Article 37(b)/(c) and 38 |
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175 | (1) |
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53 Recourse: jurisdiction under Article 39 |
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176 | (5) |
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177 | (2) |
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179 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 The Liability Of The Carrier |
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181 | (32) |
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54 The liability of the carrier: Article 17.1 |
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181 | (4) |
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54a The basis of liability |
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182 | (1) |
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54b The scope of liability in time |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (4) |
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56a Damage amounting to total loss |
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187 | (1) |
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56b Delay amounting to total loss: Article 20.1 |
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188 | (2) |
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190 | (1) |
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58 Delay not amounting to total loss: Article 19 |
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191 | (3) |
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58a The agreed time-limit |
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191 | (2) |
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193 | (1) |
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59 The consequences of delay |
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194 | (2) |
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194 | (1) |
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59b Physical damage associated with delay |
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195 | (1) |
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56c Causation and remoteness |
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195 | (1) |
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60 Proof of loss or damage: Article 30 |
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196 | (2) |
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61 To rebut the presumption of conforming delivery: proof of loss or damage |
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198 | (4) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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61bi The form of reservations |
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201 | (1) |
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61biii The time of reservations |
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201 | (1) |
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61biii The absence of reservations |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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63 The carrier's liability in connection with documents |
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203 | (1) |
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64 Common law and the CMR |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (1) |
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66 Abandonment and delivery short of destination |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (4) |
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Chapter 6 Defences Available To The Carrier |
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213 | (34) |
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213 | (4) |
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213 | (1) |
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69b Exonerating events: causation |
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214 | (2) |
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69c Apportionment: Article 17.5 |
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216 | (1) |
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70 The wrongful act or neglect of the claimant |
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217 | (1) |
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71 The instructions of the claimant |
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218 | (2) |
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220 | (2) |
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73 Dangerous goods: Article 22 |
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222 | (3) |
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73a The liability of the sender |
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224 | (1) |
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74 Unavoidable circumstances |
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225 | (5) |
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225 | (1) |
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74b Conditio sine qua non |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (2) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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75 Unavoidable circumstances: utmost care in practice |
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230 | (17) |
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232 | (4) |
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236 | (2) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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y239 | |
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75f Defects in the vehicle: Article 17.3 |
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240 | (1) |
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75fi Special equipment distinguished: Article 18.4 |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 The Special Risks |
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247 | (46) |
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76 The presumption of non-responsibility |
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247 | (1) |
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77 A possible cause: the plausibility of the carrier's case |
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248 | (4) |
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78 Rebuttal by the claimant |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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79 The carrier's residual duty of care |
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253 | (2) |
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80 Open unsheeted vehicles |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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82 Defective packing of the goods |
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257 | (3) |
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82a Defects in the packing of other goods |
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259 | (1) |
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83 The liability of the sender for defective packing |
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260 | (2) |
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83a Types of loss or damage |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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84 The response of the carrier to defective packing |
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262 | (2) |
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85 Loading and stowage by the sender |
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264 | (2) |
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265 | (1) |
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86 Counter-proof by the claimant |
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266 | (2) |
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87 The carrier's duty to check loading by the sender |
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268 | (4) |
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87a Defects affecting only goods |
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269 | (1) |
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87b Defects affecting roadworthiness |
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270 | (2) |
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88 Defects becoming apparent during the journey |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (12) |
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89a Sensitivity and inherent vice distinguished |
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276 | (2) |
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89b Specially equipped vehicles |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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89bii Steps incumbent: performance of the duty |
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281 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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89c Counter-proof by the claimant |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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92 Public policy: Article 41 |
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286 | (7) |
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92a The benefit of insurance: Article 41.2 |
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288 | (2) |
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92b The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 |
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290 | (1) |
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92c Public policy: Article 1.5 |
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291 | (2) |
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293 | (38) |
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93 Compensation for damage |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (4) |
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94a The value of the goods: Article 23.2 |
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295 | (2) |
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94b Repayment of compensation if goods are recovered |
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297 | (1) |
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95 Compensation for partial loss or damage |
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298 | (1) |
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96 Compensation for delay |
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299 | (1) |
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97 Limits on compensation |
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299 | (4) |
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299 | (2) |
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97b Partial loss or damage |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (4) |
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307 | (1) |
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100 Raising the limits on compensation: selection of higher limits |
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308 | (3) |
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311 | (9) |
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101a Carriage by rail: common law |
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314 | (1) |
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101b Carriage by air: the Warsaw Convention |
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315 | (2) |
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101c Carriage by road: the CMR |
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317 | (2) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (3) |
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102a Equivalence in fault |
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320 | (1) |
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102b Equivalence in effect: die grosse Fahrlassigkeit |
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321 | (2) |
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102c Equivalence in effect: la faute lourde |
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323 | (1) |
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103 Wilful misconduct in practice |
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323 | (5) |
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324 | (2) |
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103b Defective packing, loading or stowage |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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104 Termination of obligations in the case of breach |
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328 | (1) |
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105 Termination of obligations in the case of impossibility of performance |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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107 Action for carriage charges |
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329 | (1) |
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108 Restitution of goods delayed |
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329 | (2) |
Part II: English Domestic Law |
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331 | (100) |
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Chapter 9 The Contract Of Carriage |
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333 | (8) |
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333 | (1) |
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202 Formation of the contract |
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333 | (2) |
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203 The terms of the contract: notice |
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335 | (3) |
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338 | (1) |
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205 Interpretation of the contract |
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338 | (3) |
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341 | (10) |
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206 Taking over the goods |
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341 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (2) |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (2) |
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210a Transit and deviation |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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211 Difficulties on the road |
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346 | (1) |
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211a Good faith and co-operation |
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346 | (1) |
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347 | (1) |
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347 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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349 | (2) |
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351 | (14) |
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216 Title to sue: parties to the contract of carriage |
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351 | (3) |
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216a The consignee as owner |
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351 | (1) |
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216b The consignor as owner |
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352 | (1) |
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216c The consignor's influence on the rights of the consignee |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (4) |
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217a The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 |
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356 | (2) |
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358 | (3) |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | (2) |
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361 | (1) |
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219 Counterclaim and set-off |
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361 | (4) |
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Chapter 12 The Liability Of The Carrier |
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365 | (28) |
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365 | (1) |
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221 The pattern of liability |
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365 | (1) |
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222 The basis of liability |
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366 | (1) |
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223 Liability: contract terms |
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367 | (2) |
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224 The scope of liability in time |
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369 | (1) |
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369 | (2) |
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369 | (1) |
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370 | (1) |
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370 | (1) |
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226 Proof of loss or damage |
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371 | (1) |
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372 | (2) |
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228 Apportionment: mixed causes |
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374 | (1) |
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375 | (6) |
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229a The contractual setting: networks |
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377 | (2) |
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379 | (1) |
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229c The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 |
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380 | (1) |
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230 Negligent misstatement |
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381 | (1) |
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382 | (2) |
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384 | (1) |
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233 Damages at common law |
|
|
385 | (1) |
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234 Responsibility for the acts and omissions of others |
|
|
386 | (2) |
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235 The scope of employment |
|
|
388 | (5) |
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|
389 | (1) |
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|
390 | (1) |
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|
391 | (2) |
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|
393 | (38) |
|
A Defences available to the carrier |
|
|
|
|
393 | (10) |
|
|
394 | (1) |
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|
394 | (1) |
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|
395 | (1) |
|
|
395 | (1) |
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236e Rebellion and insurrection |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
236g Act or omission of the sender or consignee |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
236j Wastage or natural deterioration |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
236k Insufficient or improper packing |
|
|
400 | (2) |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
236m Restraints of labour |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
236n Seizure or forfeiture under legal process |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
238 Defences: construction contra proferentem |
|
|
404 | (5) |
|
|
406 | (2) |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
239 The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 |
|
|
409 | (4) |
|
|
410 | (3) |
|
|
413 | (2) |
|
B Defences available to both parties |
|
|
|
241 Avoidance: misrepresentation |
|
|
415 | (2) |
|
242 Avoidance: economic duress |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
243 Non-enforcement: illegality |
|
|
418 | (3) |
|
243a Illegal performance of the contract |
|
|
418 | (2) |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
|
421 | (10) |
|
244 Compensation: damages for breach of contract |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
245 Assessment of damages |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
|
422 | (2) |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
248 Compensation: damages in tort |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
249 Termination of contractual obligations in the case of breach |
|
|
426 | (2) |
|
250 Termination of obligations in the case of impossibility of performance |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
429 | (2) |
Part III: Appendices |
|
431 | (68) |
|
Appendix A. Carriage Of Goods By Road Act 1965 |
|
|
433 | (24) |
|
Appendix B. French Text Of The CMR |
|
|
457 | (14) |
|
Appendix C. Carriage By Air And Road Act 1979 |
|
|
471 | (6) |
|
Appendix D. Road Haulage Association Limited (RHA) Conditions Of Carriage 1998 |
|
|
477 | (8) |
|
Appendix E. British International Freight Association (BIFA) Standard Trading Conditions 2000 Edition |
|
|
485 | (8) |
|
Appendix F. British International Freight Association (BIFA) Standard Trading Conditions 2005a Edition |
|
|
493 | (6) |
Index |
|
499 | |